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‚±‚Ì•ñ‚Å‚ÍŒ‹˜_‚Æ‚µ‚Ä@“dŽ¥”g‚Í–â‘è‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹˜_‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBg
@ΫԏG Risk of cancer in Finland children living close to
power line g
@Œ¤‹†ŽÒ Pia K. Verkasalo et
al: BMJŽ@‚P‚X‚X‚R”N‚P‚OŒŽ†‚É”•\
@“à—eF
@‚e‚‰‚Ž‚Œ‚‚Ž‚„‚Ì‚P‚P‚O[‚S‚O‚O‚‹‚u‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì‚T‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚É‚·‚ÞŽq‹Ÿ‚ð‘ÎÛB
“d—͉ïŽÐ‚©‚ç‘—“dü‚Ì’n}‚ÆAZ–¯“o˜^‚Æ‚ª‚ñ“o˜^‚𒲸B
Œã‚ëŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÅA“Á’è‚ÌŠà‚ɜ늳if’fj‚³‚ꂽ”iŠÏŽ@”j‚ÆŠú‘Ò’l‚Æ‚©‚çA‚n^‚d”ä‚ð‹‚ß‚½B
Œ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‹K–Í‚Í’j—Ž™‡Œv‚P‚RE‚T–œl‚ÅA‚X‚VE‚W–œlE”NB
Œ‹‰Ê‚ÆŒ‹˜_F‚P‚X‚V‚O[‚P‚X‚W‚X”N‚É‚P‚Xˈȉº‚ÅŠà‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽƒP[ƒX‚Í‚P‚S‚OB
@Šú‘Ò’l‚Í‚P‚S‚T‚ÅA‚n^‚d”ä‚Í‚OE‚X‚VB
@”’ŒŒ•aEƒŠƒ“ƒpŽîá‡A‘SŠà‚Å‚ÍA@—LˆÓ‚È’l‚Í‚È‚A‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚Ì’ö“x‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚Í–â‘肪‚È‚¢B
i‚±‚ê‚æ‚è‹‚¢Ž¥ê‚Å@‚à–â‘è‚È‚¢‚Æ‚Í‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚©‚ç‚ÍŒ¾‚¦‚È‚¢Bj
@’A‚µ@‚Q‚‚fˆÈã‚Ì–\˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚é’jŽ™‚Ì”]Žîᇂ¾‚¯‚ÍA‚n^‚d”䂪‚SE‚Qi95“M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í‚PE‚S[‚XE‚Xj‚Å—LˆÓ‚É‚‚¢‚ª@‚±‚ê‚Í‹ô‘R(chance finding)‚Å‚ ‚낤‚ÆŒ‹˜_B
Œ‹‰Ê@Œ´•¶‚Ì•\‚Q@ƒKƒ“‚ÆŽ¥ŠE‚Ì‚n^‚d”ä@@Š‡ŒÊ“à‚Í‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔ
ƒKƒ“ |
Ž¥ŠE |
’jŽ™ |
—Ž™ |
’j—Œv |
”]Žîᇠ|
0.1-1.9mG |
0.99 (0.62-1.5) |
0.69 (0.36-1.2) |
0.85 (0.59-1.2) |
2mGˆÈã |
4.2 (1.4 -9.9) |
0.0 (0-3.8) |
2.3 (0.75-5.4) |
|
”’ŒŒ•a |
0.1-1.9mG |
0.77 (0.43-1.3) |
1.0 (0.59-1.6) |
0.89 (0.61-1.3) |
2mGˆÈã |
0.99 (0.02-5.5) |
2.2 (0.26-7.0) |
1.6 (0.32-4.5) |
|
ƒŠƒ“ƒpŽî |
0.1-1.9mG |
0.48 (0.16-1.1) |
1.62 (0.78-3.0) |
0.91 (0.51-1.5) |
2mGˆÈã |
0 (0-6.8) |
0 (0-11.0) |
0 (0-4.2) |
|
‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŠà |
0.1-1.9mG |
0.89 (0.55-1.4) |
1.3 (0.84-1.8) |
1.1 (0.79-1.4) |
2mGˆÈã |
1.7 (0.21-6.2) |
0.80 (0.02-4.5) |
1.2 (0.26-3.6) |
|
‘SƒKƒ“ |
0.1-1.9mG |
0.83 (0.64-1.1) |
1.07 (0.83-1.4) |
0.94 (0.79-1.1) |
2mGˆÈã |
2.0 (0.88-4.0) |
0.86 (0.18-2.5) |
1.5 (0.74-2.7) |
Še‰Æ’ë‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE‹“x‚Ì„’è’l‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Íã‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½B
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@@C³F
‚X‚X[‚R[‚P‚S@
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Œ‹˜_‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAg‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í“dŽ¥”g‚̉e‹¿‚ðŒ‹˜_‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Í•s‰Â”\g‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚Å‚µ‚傤‚©B
i’GAAAA@j‚ÍŽ„‚̃Rƒƒ“ƒg‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄŒ´’˜‚É‚Í‚È‚¢•”•ªB
ΫԏG magnetic fieldsA LeukemiaA and Central Nervous System tumors in Swedish adults residing near
high-voltage power@lines.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ Maria Feychting and
Anders Ahlbom
ŒfÚŽFEpidemiology Ž@‚P‚X‚X‚S”N‚XŒŽ†‚É”•\
“à—eF
@‚r‚—‚…‚„‚…‚Ž‚Ì‚Q‚Q‚OE‚S‚O‚O‚‹‚u‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì‚R‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚É‚·‚Þ‚P‚UˈÈã‚Ì‘ål‚ð‘ÎÛB
“d—͉ïŽÐ‚©‚ç‘—“dü‚Ì’n}‚ð–á‚¢A‚»‚ê‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä“o‹LŠ‚É“o˜^‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚éZ–¯‚ðƒsƒbƒNƒAƒbƒvB
@Œ¤‹†‘ÎÛŽÒ‚Í–ñ‚R‚W–œlB’j—‚Í‚Ù‚Ú“¯‚¶B
@‚r‚—‚…‚„‚…‚Ž‚Ås‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒKƒ““o˜^‚©‚ç@‘ÎÛŽÒ‚R‚W–œl‚Ì’†‚ɃKƒ“‚É‚È‚Á‚½l‚ðƒsƒbƒNƒAƒbƒvB
@‘ÎÛ‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì‹æˆæ‚ÉÅ’á‚P”N‚·‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½l‚ð‘ÎÛB
‚P‚X‚U‚O”N‚©‚ç‚P‚X‚W‚T”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ẴKƒ““o˜^‚Ì’†‚©‚çAƒŠƒXƒgƒAƒbƒv‚³‚ꂽ”]ŽîᇂƔ’ŒŒ•a‚ÌÇ—á‚ÍA‡Œv‚T‚S‚W—áB@‚±‚ê‚ðÇ—á‚Æ‚µ‚½B@‚¢‚í‚ä‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚Q‚T”NŠÔ‚Å‚T‚S‚W—á‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‚P‚O–œl‚ ‚½‚è–ˆ”N‚Tl’ö“x‚Ì”]ŽîᇂƔ’ŒŒ•aǗႪo‚Ä‚¢‚éB
@”äŠr‚·‚éˆ×‚É”N—îE«“™‚ðl‚¦‚Ä@Ç—á‚Ì‚Q”{‚Ì‘ÎÆiƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹j‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‘I•ÊB
@“d—͉ïŽÐ‚̉ߋŽ‚Ì‹L˜^‚©‚çAƒKƒ“‚É”•a‚µ‚½ ‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì“d—¬’l“™‚©‚玥ŠE‚ð„’èiŽ¥ŠE‚Ì„’è’lj‚µ‚½B@‚Ü‚½–ñ‚R•ª‚Ì‚Q‚̉Ƃ̎¥ŠE‚ÍŽÀۂɃXƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è‚ðŽÀŽ{iƒXƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’èj‚µ‚½B
@Še‰Æ’ë‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ÍŠe‰Æ’ë‚ÌŽå“dŒ¹‚ð‚«‚Á‚ÄA‰Æ’ë“à‚Ì“d‹C‹@Ší‚©‚ç‰e‹¿‚𜋎‚·‚éŒ`‚Ås‚È‚Á‚½B@
‚ ‚‚Ü‚Å‚à‰Æ’ë“à‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŽå‚È”¶Œ¹‚ð‹ß‚‚Ì‘—“dü‚É‚ ‚é‚ÆŒÀ’肵‚½B
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE’l‚©‚ç@Ž€–S–˜‚̉ߋŽ‚P‚T”NŠÔ‚Ì—ÝÏ–\˜I—Ê‚ð„’肵‚½B
Ç—á‘ÎÆ‹¤‚É•½‹Ï‚P‚U”NŠÔ@‚»‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½B
Œ‹‰Ê@Œ´•¶‚Ì•\‚R@Ç—á”
|
”’ŒŒ•a |
”]Žîᇠ|
‘SÇ—á |
‚R‚Q‚T |
‚Q‚Q‚R |
«•Ê@’j |
‚P‚X‚X |
‚P‚R‚W |
— |
‚P‚Q‚U |
‚W‚T |
Ž€–SŽž‚Ì”N—î |
||
‚P‚U[‚R‚X |
‚R‚W |
‚T‚R |
‚S‚O[‚T‚X |
‚W‚O |
‚W‚O |
‚U‚OˆÈã |
‚Q‚O‚V |
‚X‚O |
@i’j—‚ÅǗᔂɑ傫‚È·ˆÙ‚ª‚ ‚éA–ñ‚PE‚T”{B@‚µ‚©‚µA“ú–{‚Ìê‡‚à”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚ª‚P‚O–œl‚ ‚½‚è’j‚TlA—‚Rl’ö“x‚Æ’j—ŠÔ‚É·‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚Ì’ö“x‚ÍŽ©‘R‚Æ”»’fBj
Œ‹‰Ê@Œ´•¶‚Ì•\‚S@‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŒvŽZŽ¥ŠE’l‚ÆŠà‚̃ŠƒXƒN
Ž¥ŠE‹“x |
0.9mGˆÈ‰º |
1-1.9mG |
2mGˆÈã |
|||
Šà |
n |
N |
RR |
n |
RR |
|
”’ŒŒ•a |
all |
278 |
20 |
0.9 (0.5-1.5) |
26 |
1.0 (0.7-1.7) |
|
AML |
58 |
5 |
1.0 (0.4-2.5) |
9 |
1.7 (0.8-3.5) |
|
CML |
45 |
2 |
1.4 (0.5-3.3) |
7 |
1.7 (0.7-3.8) |
|
CLL |
116 |
8 |
0.8 (0.4-1.7) |
7 |
0.7 (0.3-1.4) |
”]Žîᇠ|
all |
192 |
18 |
1.1 (0.7-2.0) |
12 |
0.7 (0.4-1.3) |
|
AstocytomaI-2 |
60 |
3 |
0.6 (0.1-1.8) |
2 |
0.4 (0.1-1.3) |
|
“¯ã 3-4 |
132 |
15 |
1.4 (0.8-2.5) |
10 |
0.8 (0.4-1.7) |
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Å‚Í‚P‚‚fˆÈ‰º‚ÌꊂÉZ‚Þl‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‚q‚q‚Í‚P‚ð‰z‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éŠà‚ÌŽí—Þ‚ª‚ ‚邪A‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔ‚̃{ƒgƒ€‚Ì”Žš‚ª‚P‚ð‰z‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éƒf[ƒ^‚Í‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAŠà‚ÆŒvŽZ’l‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚Æ‚ÍŠÖŒW‚Í—§Ø‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ƌĂ΂ê‚é‰uŠw’²¸‚ÌŽè–@‚Å‚·B@‚q‚q‚ÌŒvŽZ•û–@“™‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤‚µ‚Ü‚·B@Œµ–§‚É‚Í‚q‚q‚̓Iƒbƒd”ä‚Å‚·B
Œ‹‰Ê@Œ´•¶‚Ì•\‚T@‰ß‹Ž‚P‚T”NŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ì—ÝÏ’l‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I |
9mG¥”NˆÈ‰º |
10-19mG¥”N |
20mG¥”NˆÈã |
30mG¥”NˆÈã |
|
Šà |
n |
RR |
RR |
RR |
|
”’ŒŒ•a |
all |
279 |
1.0 (0.6-1.8) |
1.5 (1.0-2.4) |
1.5 (0.9-2.6) |
AML |
58 |
1.5 (0.5-3.7) |
2.3 (1.0-4.6) |
1.9 (0.6-4.7) |
|
CML |
48 |
0.7 (0.1-2.6) |
2.1 (0.9-4.7) |
2.7 (1.0-6.4) |
|
CLL |
114 |
1.1 (0.4-2.3) |
1.3 (0.6-2.6) |
1.2 (0.4-2.6) |
|
”]Žîᇠ|
all |
200 |
1.1 (0.6-2.1) |
0.7 (0.3-1.3) |
0.7 (0.3-1.5) |
AstocytomaI-2 |
61 |
0.9 (0.2-2.5) |
0.4 (0.0-1.3) |
0.4 (0.0-1.9) |
|
“¯ã 3-4 |
139 |
1.3 (0.6-2.5) |
0.8 (0.4-1.7) |
0.8 (0.3-1.9) |
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i‚±‚Ì–\˜I—Ê‚ª—Ⴆ‚΂R‚O‚‚fE”N‚Æ‚ ‚邪A@ŒÂX‚ÌǗႪ‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉZ‚ނ悤‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚©‚ç‚P‚O”NŒo‰ß‚µ‚Ä”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅŽ€–SA‚R‚‚f‚ð‚P‚O”NŠÔ—‚Ñ‚Ä‚«‚½‚Ì‚Å‚R‚‚f‚˜‚P‚O”N‚R‚O‚‚fE”NA‚Æ‚È‚éBj
’Pƒ‚Él‚¦‚ê‚ÎA’·‚¢ŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ì’~Ï—Ê‚Å”’ŒŒ•a‚ɂȂ郊ƒXƒN‚ª‚Q”{‚È‚¢‚µ‚R”{‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚è‚Ü‚·B@
‚R‚‚f‚ł͊댯‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA‚R‚‚f‚ð‚P‚O”N—‚Ñ‘±‚¯‚é‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚É‚È‚éŠëŒ¯‚ª‚Q[‚R”{‚É‚È‚é‚ÆB
Œ‹‰Ê@Œ´•¶‚Ì•\‚V@ŽÀÛ‚Ì‘ª’莥ŠE‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW
@@•\‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤@ˆÓ–¡‚Ì‚ ‚锎š‚Ío‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñB
@‚q‚q‚àÅ‘å‚Å‚PD‚S@‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Ń{ƒgƒ€’l‚ª‚P‚ð‰z‚¦‚éƒf[ƒ^‚Í‚È‚¢D
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‚±‚±‚©‚ç‚ÍŽ„‚ÌlŽ@D
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˜_•¶FExposure to Power-frequency magnetic fields and the
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFUK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators
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ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@2003-4-7
ŒfÚŽFBritish Journal of CancerA
December 2000A Volume 83A
Number 11A Pages 1573-1580
˜_•¶–¼FChildhood cancer and residential proximity to power
lines
@@@@@‘—“dü‹ß–T‚ÌZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™‚ªƒ“@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFU.K. Childhood Cancer Study Investigators
Writing Committee J Skinner East
Anglia region; MP Maslanyj; TJ Mee
and SG Allen National Radiological Protection Board; J Simpson Leukemia
Research Fund Data Management Processing Group; E Roman South Midlands region;
NE Day East Anglia region@
Abstract@ŠT—v
In the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer StudyA a
population-based case-control study covering the whole of EnglandA Scotland and WalesA measured
power-frequency magnetic fields were not found to be associated with risk for
any malignancy.
‰p‘¬Ž™‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†‚̈êŠÂ‚Æ‚µ‚Äs‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†‚ÅA‘SƒCƒ“ƒOƒ‰ƒ“ƒhAƒXƒRƒbƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒhAƒEƒG[ƒ‹ƒY‚ðƒJƒo[‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½BŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‹“x‚͈««Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ðŒ©o‚³‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
To examine further the risk associated with residential proximity to
electricity supply equipmentA distances to high-voltage
linesA underground cablesA
substations and distribution circuits were collected for 3380 cases and 3390
controls.
3380‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ3390‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA‚³‚ç‚ÉA“d—Í‘—“dÝ”õ‚Ö‚Ì‹ßZA‚ˆ³‘—“düE’n’†‘—“düE•Ï“dE”z“dÝ”õ‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚𒲸‚µ‚½B@
Magnetic field exposure from this equipment was calculated using distanceA load and other circuit information.
–\˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鎥ŠE‹“x‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì“d—ÍÝ”õ‚©‚ç‚Ì‹——£A•‰‰×“d—¬‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ìî•ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄAŒvŽZ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
There was no evidence that either proximity to electrical installations or the
magnetic field levels they produce in the UK is associated with increased risk
of childhood leukemia or any other cancer.
“d—ÍÝ”õ‚Æ‚Ì‹ßZ‚â‚»‚ê‚ç‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚鬎™”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Odds ratios of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.42-1.26) for acute lymphoblastic leukemiaA 0.75 (95% CI = 0.45-1.25) for all leukemiasA 1.08 (95% CI = 0.56-2.09) for central nervous system cancers and
0.92 (95% CI = 0.64-1.34) for all malignancies were obtained for residence
within 50 m of an overhead line.
‰Ë‹ó‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚ç50mˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‚ÞZ–¯‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŠe‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰ÁiƒIƒbƒY”ä‚ÆM—Š‹æŠÔ‚ÍA‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a0.73(0.42-1.26)A‘S‚Ä‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a0.75(0.45-1.25)A”]Žîá‡1.08(0.56-2.09)A‘S‚Ă̈««Žîá‡0.92(0.64-1.34)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
When individuals with a calculated magnetic field exposure 0.2ƒÊT were compared to those in a reference category of exposure <0.1ƒÊTA odds ratios of 0.51 (95% CI = 0.11-2.33)
for acute lymphoblastic leukemiaA 0.41 (95% CI =
0.09-1.87) for total leukemiaA 0.48 (95% CI =0.06-3.76)
for central nervous system cancers and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.24-1.61) for all
malignancies were obtained.
Ž¥ŠE‚ÌŒvŽZ’l‚ʼnðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½A0.1ƒÊTˆÈ‰º‚Ì–\˜I‚É”äŠr‚µ‚ÄA0.2ƒÊTˆÈã‚Ì–\˜I‚Å‚ÍAŠe‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰ÁiƒIƒbƒY”ä‚ÆM—Š‹æŠÔj‚ÍA‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«š\ŒŒ•a0.51(0.11-2.32jA‘S”’ŒŒ•a0.41(0.09-1.87)A”]Žîá‡0.48(0.08-3.76)A‘Sˆ««Žîá‡0.62(0.24-1.61)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
‰p‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘—“dü—R—ˆ‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚𬎙‚ªƒ“‚ÌŠÖŒW‚̉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚ÅA“dŠE–\˜I‚É’…–Ú‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚X
ŒfÚŽFBritish Journal of CancerA
18 November 2002A Volume 87A
Number 11A Pages 1257-1266
˜_•¶–¼FExposure to power frequency electric fields and the
risk of childhood cancer in the UK
‰p‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“d—ÍŽü”g”‚Ì“dŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™‚ªƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW
Œ¤‹†ŽÒvJ SkinnerA T J MeeA R P BlackwellA M P MaslanyjA J
SimpsonA S G AllenA N E DayA@a and United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study Investigators writing
committee
Abstract
The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer StudyA a
population-based case-control study covering the whole of Great BritainA incorporated a pilot study measuring electric fields.
‘SƒOƒŒ[ƒgƒuƒŠƒeƒ“‚ðƒJƒo[‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ª‰p‘‚̬Ž™‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†‚Æ‚µ‚Äs‚í‚êA“dŠE–\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚à’²¸‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Measurements were made in the homes of 473 children who were diagnosed with a
malignant neoplasm between 1992 and 1996 and who were aged 0-14 at diagnosisA together with 453 controls matched on ageA
sex and geographical location.
1992”N‚©‚ç1996”N‚̊ԂɈ««ŽîᇂÆf’f‚³‚ꂽ¬Ž™473–¼‚ÆA”N—îE«•ÊE’nˆæ‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½‘ÎÆ453–¼‚̉ƒë‚É‚¨‚¯‚é–\˜I󋵂𑪒肵‚½B
Exposure assessments comprised resultant spot measurements in the child's
bedroom and the family living-room.
‘ª’è‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌQŽº‚ƉƑ°‚Ì‹ŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒXƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éB
Temporal stability of bedroom fields was investigated through continuous
logging of the 48-h vertical component at the child's bedside supported by
repeat spot measurements.
–\˜I‚ÌŽžŠÔ•Ï“®‚ð”cˆ¬‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉAƒXƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è‚ðŒJ‚è•Ô‚µ‚È‚ª‚çAŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌQŽº‚Å48ŽžŠÔ˜A‘±‘ª’è‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The principal exposure metric used was the mean of the pillow and bed center
measurements.
Šî–{“I‚È–\˜IŽw•W‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAƒxƒbƒh‚Ì’†S‚Æ–‚Ì‚Æ‚±‚ë‚Å‚Ì‘ª’è’l‚Ì•½‹Ï’l‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½B
For the 273 cases and 276 controls with fully validated measuresA comparing those with a measured electric field exposure 20 V m-1 to
those in a reference category of exposure <10 V m-1A
odds ratios of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.68-2.54) for acute lymphoblastic
leukemiaA 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.73-2.39) for
total leukemiaA 2.12 (95% confidence interval
0.78-5.78) for central nervous system cancers and 1.26 (95% confidence interval
0.77-2.07) for all malignancies were obtained.
273‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ276‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍŠ®àø‚ȃf[ƒ^‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽB“dŠE‚P‚OV/mˆÈ‰º‚Ì–\˜I‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚Q‚OV/mˆÈã‚Ì“dŠE–\˜I‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚ÍA
ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a 1.31 (l 0.68-2.54)A ‘S”’ŒŒ•a 1.32
(0.73-2.39)A”]Žîᇠ2.12 (0.78-5.78)A‘S‚ª‚ñ 1.26 (0.77-2.07)@‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
When considering the 426 cases and 419 controls with no invalid measuresA the corresponding odds ratios were 0.86 (95% confidence interval
0.49-1.51) for acute lymphoblastic leukemiaA 0.93 (95%
confidence interval 0.56-1.54) for total leukemiaA 1.43
(95% confidence interval 0.68-3.02) for central nervous system cancers and 0.90
(95% confidence interval 0.59-1.35) for all malignancies.
–³Œø‚È‘ª’è‚Ì‚È‚¢‚S‚P‚X‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ419‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ăIƒbƒY”ä‚ðŒvŽZ‚·‚ê‚ÎAƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a@0.86 (0.49-1.51)A‘S”’ŒŒ•a 0.93 (0.56-1.54)A”]Žîᇠ1.43 (0.68-3.02)A‘S‚ª‚ñ 0.90 (0.59-1.35) ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
With exposure modeled as a continuous variableA odds
ratios for an increase in the principal metric of 10Vm-1 were close to unity
for all disease categoriesA never differing
significantly from one.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚©‚çA“dŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Å10V/m‚ ‚½‚è‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚Ù‚Ú1‚Å‚ ‚èAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢B
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_1535000/1535316.stm@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚Å‚·B@
iTuesday, 11 September, 2001, 01:23 GMT 02:23 UKj
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒF Shigeru SokejimaA Sadanobu KagamimoriA Toshiki Tatsumura@
˜_•¶F Electric power consumption and leukemia death rate
in Japan@
ŒfÚŽF THE LANCET Vol.348 o September 21A 1996 P21-822@
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‚P‚QD Savitz 1995‚̘_•¶‚©‚ç
D. A. Savitz 1995‚̘_•¶‚Å‚·B
˜_•¶–¼FExposure assessment strategies in epidemiological
studies of health effects of electric and magnetic fields@
ŒfÚŽF@The Science of the Total Environment. 168(1995)@
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ŒfÚŽ: Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141 (2): 123-134
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMagnetic field exposure in relation to leukemia
and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers.
“d—Í]‹Æˆõ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ”]Žîᇎ€–S—¦‚ÆŽ¥ŠE‚΂˜I
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Savitz DA, Loomis DP
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ŒfÚGAmerican Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 129A Issue 1 220-224A 1989 @
˜_•¶FFetal loss associated with two seasonal sources
of electromagnetic field exposure
‹Gß“I‚ÉŽg—p‚·‚é“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÉŠÖŒW‚µ‚½‘ÙŽ™‚ÌŽ€ŽY@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFN Wertheimer and E Leeper @
Department of Preventive MedicineA University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterA Denver 80262 @
ŠT—vG@
We have studied two sources of electromagnetic
fields where exposure is highly
seasonal (ceiling cable electric heat and electrically heated beds).@
‹Gß‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽg—p‚³‚ê‚é“d‹C’g–[A“d‹Cƒxƒbƒh‚ÆA“VãƒP[ƒuƒ‹“d‹C’g–[i‹ï‘Ì“I‚ɂ͂ǂ̂悤‚È‚à‚ÌHj‚Ì“ñ‚‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
Because many potential confounders
could not be addressedA we can make no
valid statement about overall differences in abortion rates between those
exposed and those not exposed to these seasonal sources.@
‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½“dŽ¥ŠEˆÈŠO‚ÌŒð—ˆöŽq‚Ì”rœ‚ª‚Å‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‹@Ší‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚·‚é‚©‚µ‚È‚¢‚©‚É‚æ‚éˆÙí—¦‚Ì·ˆÙ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŠm’è“I‚È‚±‚Æ‚Í‚¢‚¦‚È‚¢B@
HoweverA by analyzing seasonal trendsA we have minimized the problem of unaddressed confounders
because we did not look at a difference between the user and nonuser
groupsA but rather at a difference within the user
group during months of higher exposure compared with months of lower
exposure. @
‚µ‚©‚µAŒð—ˆöŽq‚̉e‹¿‚ð‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯‚È‚‚µA“d‹Cƒxƒbƒh‚ÌŽg—p‚Ì•p“x‚È‚Ç‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½B@
ThusA each user group provides its own
control. The function of the nonuser control group is simply to
assure that any seasonal trend found in the user group is not just a
general seasonal variation in reported fetal loss that can be found
equally well in the nonuser population.@
‹Cƒxƒbƒh‚È‚Ç‚ÌŽg—pŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘ÙŽ™Ž€ŽY‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÍA”ñŽg—pŽÒŒQ‚ł͈ê”Ê‚ÌŠ„‡‚Æ“¯‚¶’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªAŽg—pŽÒŒQ‚ł͈ê”Ê‚ÌŠ„‡‚ƈقȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Using this techniqueA we found that
each user group reported fetal loss disproportionately(•s‹Ït‚È) often during the season when electromagnetic field exposure was increasing. @
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSusan Preston-Martin et al;@
˜_•¶–¼FBrain Tumor Risk in Children in Relation to Use of
Electric Blankets and Water Bed@ Heators@
ŒfÚŽGŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 143 No.11
1996
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‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚ʼnº‚³‚¢B
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology 2000;152:41-49.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FElectric blanket use and breast cancer in the
Nurses' Health Study.
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˜_•¶–¼FCombined Exposure to High Levels of Air Pollution
and Electromagnetic Fields May Increase Leukemia and Other Cancer Risk in
Children.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFH. WachtelA R. L.
Pearson.
ŠT—vF
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ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý‚Ì“üŽè‚Å‚·B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚T@@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B
ŒfÚŽF@American Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 143A Issue 2 120-128A 1996 @
˜_•¶–¼FChildhood brain tumor occurrence in relation to
residential power line configurationsA electric heating
sourcesA and electric appliance use@
ZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘—“düA“d”Mƒxƒbƒh‚È‚ÇA‰Æ’ë“dŠí»•i‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]Žîᇂ̊֌W@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJG GurneyA BA MuellerA S DavisA SM SchwartzA RG Stevens and KJ Kopecky @
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterA Division of Public Health SciencesA SeattleA WAA USA. @
ŠT—v‚ÌŠT—vF@
To assess the relation between childhood brain tumor occurrence and exposure
to potential sources of residential magnetic
fieldsA
a population-based case-control study of incident brain tumors was
conducted in the SeattleA WashingtonA area at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center from
1989 to 1994 among children younger than age 20 years who were diagnosed
from 1984 to 1990. @
ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚̃VƒAƒgƒ‹‚ƃƒVƒ“ƒgƒ“‚Ås‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†AZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ª20Έȉº‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]Žîᇂð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚©‚ðŒ¤‹†B@‚P‚X‚W‚S|‚P‚X‚X‚O”N‚É”]ŽîᇂÆf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ð—p‚¢‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚µ‚½B@
The specific aims were to evaluate whether proximity to high-current
residential power linesA as defined by the Wertheimer-Leeper
codeA or use of electric appliances or electric heating
sources by the mother while pregnant or by the child before diagnosis
were associated with increased risks of brain tumor occurrence.
“düƒR[ƒh‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒWA“d‹C‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pA“d”Mƒxƒbƒh‚È‚Ç‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðŒ¤‹†B@
The mothers of 133 cases and 270 controls (recruited by random digit
dialing) participated.
133l‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ270l‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ðŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B@
Risk of brain tumor occurrence did not increase with increasing
exposureA as indicated by the five-level
Wertheimer-Leeper code. @
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‹“xA“düƒR[ƒh‚Æ”]Žîᇑ‰Á‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
When exposure was dichotomized as high versus lowA the
odds ratio was 0.9 (95% confidence interval 0.5- 1.5) and did not
vary significantly by sexA ageA or histology. @
–\˜I‹“x‚̑嬂Ō©‚é‚ÆAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.9i‚b‚h@‚OD‚T|‚PD‚Tj‚Å‚ ‚èA«‚â”N—î‚È‚Ç‚ÅŒ©‚Ä‚àˆÙí‚ÈŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
No elevations in risk were found forever versus never-use of electric blanketsA water bedsA or electric heating sources. @
“d‹C–Ñ•zA“d”Mi…jƒxƒbƒhA“d”MŒ¹‚ÌŽg—pA•sŽg—p‚Å‚à·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Odds ratios were slightly elevated for nine appliances and were at
or below 1.0 for eight others. @
9‚‚̓d‹C‹@Ší‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Å‚ÍAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚̂킸‚©‚È㸂͌©‚ç‚ꂽB
8‚‚̋@Ší‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚P’ö“x‚©‚»‚êˆÈ‰º‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
These data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields from high-current power linesA
electric heating sourcesA or electric
appliances is associated with the subsequent occurrence of brain tumors
in children. @
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘—“düA“d”M‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pA‰Æ’ë“dŠí»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ªŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]Žîᇂð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŽwŽ¦‚µ‚È‚¢B@
ˆÈã@@@@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜˜_•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý‚v‚d‚a‚©‚ç“üŽè@@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚Ü‚µ‚½B@@@@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚T@
ŒfÚŽF@American Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 139A Issue 7 645-653A 1994
˜_•¶F@Article:Leukemia and brain tumors in Norwegian railway workersA a nested
case- control study@@
ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[‚Ì“S“¹]‹Æˆõ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½”’ŒŒ•aE”]ŽîᇂÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF@T TynesA H Jynge
and AI Vistnes @
Cancer Registry of NorwayA Institute of Epidemiological
Cancer ResearchA Oslo. @
ŠT—vF@
In an attempt to assess whether exposure to electromagnetic fields on Norwegian
railways induces brain tumors or leukemiaA the authors
conducted a nested case-control study of railway workers based on incident
cases from the Cancer Registry of Norway in a cohort of 13A030 male Norwegian railway workers who had worked on either electric
or non-electric railways.
ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[“S“¹]‹Æˆõ‚ª“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”]Žîᇂ┒ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚é‚©Aƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[‚ÌŠà“o˜^‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚ÄA“S“¹‰ïŽÐ‚Å“d‹C“S“¹‚Æ”ñ“d‹C“S“¹iƒW[ƒ[ƒ‹‹@ŠÖŽÔ‚âö‹C‹@ŠÖŽÔ‚̉^“]‚É]Ž–‚·‚邱‚ÆHj‚Ì]Ž–ŽÒ‡Œv13030–¼‚Ì’j«‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
The cohort comprised
railway lineA
outdoor stationA and electricity workers. @
The case series comprised 39 men with brain tumors and 52 men with leukemia
(follow-upA 1958-1990). Each case was matched on age
with four or five controls selected from the same cohort. @
‚±‚̃Rƒz[ƒg‚Í“S“¹ü˜HA‰®ŠO‚Ìì‹ÆêA“düì‹ÆŽÒ‚È‚Ç‚©‚ç\¬‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
1958”N‚©‚ç1990”N‚ÌŠÔ‚Å30–¼‚ª”]ŽîᇂÉA52–¼‚ª”’ŒŒ•a‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBÇ—á1‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA‚S‚©‚ç5–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
The exposure of each study
subject to electric and magnetic fields was evaluated from cumulative exposure
measures based on present measurements and historical data.@
“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì–\˜I•]‰¿‚ÍAÅ‹ß‚Ì‘ª’è‚ƉߋŽ‚Ì—š—ð‚©‚çA—ÝÏ‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I—Ê‚Ås‚Á‚½B
Limited information on potential confounders such as creosoteA solventsA and herbicides was also collected; information on whether the
subject had smoked was obtained by interviews with the subjects or work
colleagues. @
ƒNƒŒƒIƒ\[ƒg‚â—nÜ‚ÌŽg—p‚È‚Ç‚ÌŒð—ˆöŽq‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚àŽûW‚µ‚½B
‘ÎÛŽÒ‚Ì‹i‰Œ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚àî•ñ‚ðŽûW‚µ‚½B@
The case-control analysis
showed that men employed on electric railwaysA compared with non-electric onesA had an odds ratio for leukemia of 0.70 (adjusted for smoking) and
an odds ratio for brain tumor of 0.87. @
”ñ“d‹C“S“¹‚Ö‚Ì]Ž–‚É”äŠr‚µ‚ÄA“d‹C“S“¹•”–å‚Å‚Ì]Ž–‚É‚æ‚郊ƒXƒN‚ÍA”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă̓IƒbƒY”䂪0.7A”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚Í‚OD‚W‚V‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
No significant trend was
shown for exposure to either magnetic or electric fields. These results do not
support an association between exposure to 16 2/3- Hertz electric or magnetic
fields and the risk for leukemia or brain tumors.
“d‹C“S“¹‚ÅŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é16.67‚g‚š‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚é”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
ˆÈã@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‚Ì‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚Ü‚µ‚½B@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚U@
ŒfÚŽGŽFAmerican Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 147A Issue 6 548-555A 1998
˜_•¶FRisk of cancer among Danish utility workers--a
nationwide cohort study@
ƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‘S“y‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì”ƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFC Johansen and JH Olsen
Danish Cancer SocietyA Division for Cancer EpidemiologyA Copenhagen. @
ŠT—v@
The authors report the incidence of cancer in a large cohort of employees identified
from all 99 Danish utility companies. @
ƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚É‚ ‚é‚X‚X‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA”ƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‘å‹K–͂ȃRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
Personal data and information on employment and exposure to magnetic
fields and asbestos were obtained from manual files at the companiesA the Danish Supplementary Pension FundA and the public payroll administration.
ŒÂlî•ñAŽ¥ŠE–\˜IAƒAƒXƒxƒXƒg‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚È‚Ç‚Ìî•ñ‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B@
A total of 32A006 individuals with more than
3 months of employment were linked with the files of the Danish
Cancer Registry. @
‚Rƒ–ŒŽˆÈã“d—͉ïŽÐ‚ɋΖ±‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚Ì‚ ‚é32000–¼‚ðAƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚ÌŠà“o˜^‚ÉŒ‹‚Ñ•t‚¯‚½B@
The period of follow-up for cancer occurrence among the employees
was from April 1968 through December 1993 in the study conducted
from 1994 to 1997.@
1968”N4ŒŽ‚©‚ç1993”N12ŒŽ‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚ÉŠà‚É‚È‚Á‚½l‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‚µ‚½B
OverallA 3A008 cancers were
observedA with 2A825
expectedA yielding a small but significantly increased
risk of 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.10) among the utility
workers in comparison with the general population.
Œ‹‰ÊAˆê”Ê•½‹Ï‚Æ”ä‚ׂé‚ÆAŠú‘Ò’l2825Œ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŠà‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽŒ”‚Í3008Œ‚Å‚È‚¢‚ªA—LˆÓ‚È”ƒKƒ“—¦‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
No excess was observed for all leukemias or for cancers of the brain
or breast among men or women.
”’ŒŒ•a‚âA”]Žîá‡A“û–[‚ÌŠà‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
There was no association of electromagnetic field exposure with risk
of these cancersA even when the level and
length of exposure to magnetic fields were taken into account.
Ž¥ŠE‚Ì‹“x‚â–\˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½ŠúŠÔ‚È‚Ç‚ðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚àAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”ƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŠÖŒW‚È‚©‚Á‚½A
Increased risks for cancers of the lung and pleural cavity (‹¹–Œ‚Ì‹ó“´H@‹CŠÇŽx‚Ì‚±‚ÆH)@were seen mainly for workers whose jobs
involved exposure to asbestos.
ƒAƒXƒxƒXƒg‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚É”º‚¤”x‚ª‚ñ‚È‚Ç‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB
The results from this study do not support the hypothesis of an association
between occupational exposures to magnetic fields in the electric
utility industry and the risk for cancer.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Ì]‹Æˆõ‚ªŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”ƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚U@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚Ü‚µ‚½B@
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 140A Issue 6 510-517A 1994 @
˜_•¶–¼FAdult leukemia risk and personal appliance use: a preliminary study @
‰Æ“d»•i‚Æ‘ål‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—\”õ’²¸@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFRH LovelyA RL BuschbomA AL SlavichA LE AndersonA NH Hansen and@BW Wilson
Pacific Northwest LaboratoryA RichlandA WA @
ŠT—v@
The hypothesis that use of personal electric appliances
may be associated with increased risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in
adults was tested using interview data from a previously completed case-
control study of 114 cases and 133 controls conducted between 1981 and 1984.
‰Æ“d»•i‚ÌŽg—p‚ª”’ŒŒ•a‚ð‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðA1981|1984”N‚ÉA114–¼‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ133–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½‰ß‹Ž‚̃Cƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[’²¸ƒf[ƒ^‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚ÄAŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
Cases were obtained from a population-based cancer
registry in western Washington stateA and controls
were obtained from the same area by random digit dialing. @
Ç—á‚ͼ•”ƒƒVƒ“ƒgƒ“B‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠà“o˜^‚©‚çA‘ÎƂ̓‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€ƒ_ƒCƒ„ƒ‹“d˜b‚Å“¾‚½B
Of 32 electrical home appliances for which data on use
were available for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cases and controlsA three motor-driven personal appliances (electric razorsA hair dryersA and massage units) were
selected a priori because their use represents exposure to higher peak magnetic
fields than that from most other home appliances.
32‚̉Ɠd»•i‚ÌŽg—p󋵂̃f[ƒ^‚𓾂½Bƒ‚[ƒ^‚Å“®‚3‚‚̉Ɠd»•ii“d‹C‚©‚Ý‚»‚èAƒwƒAƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ„[Aƒ}ƒbƒT[ƒWŠíj‚Í‘¼‚Ì‹@Ší‚æ‚è‹‚¢ƒs[ƒNŽ¥ŠE‚𔶂·‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çA’–Ú‚µ‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B@
When compared on an "ever used" versus
"never used" basisA use of one or more of
these appliances was not associated with increased risk of leukemia in the
population studied (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71A 95%
confidence interval (CI) 0.41-1.24). @
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pA•sŽg—p‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚V‚P‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
When the appliances were considered individuallyA massage units were more likely to have been used by cases than by
controls (OR = 3.00A 95% CI 1.43-6.32)A while hair dryers were more likely to have been used by controls
than cases (OR = 0.38A 95% CI 0.22-0.66). @
ŒÂX‚Ì‹@Ší‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Ý‚ê‚ÎAƒ}ƒbƒT[ƒWŠí‚ÌŽg—p‚ÍÇ—áŒS‚É‘½‚AƒwƒAƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ„[‚Í‘ÎÆŒS‚Å‘½‚©‚Á‚½B@
There was a nonsignificant tendency for electric razor
use to differentiate the cases from controls (OR = 1.33A 95% CI 0.80-2.23). @
“d‹C‚©‚Ý‚»‚è‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA“ÁˆÙ‚ÈŒXŒü‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
When reported daily time of use was stratifiedA there was no overall increased risk with increased time of use
except for electric razors (p < 0.05). @
“úX‚ÌŽg—p•p“x‚Ål‚¦‚é‚ÆA“d‹C‚©‚Ý‚»‚è‚ÌŽg—p‚𜂯‚ÎAŽg—p•p“x‚Ì‘‰Á‚É‚æ‚郊ƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
In addition to the analysis of appliance use data from
the case-control studyA the authors obtained
several models of these motor-driven personal appliances and characterized the
magnetic fields they produce. @
Ç—á‘ÎÆŒS‚©‚ç‚̃f[ƒ^ˆÈŠO‚ÉA‹@Ší‚ÌŽ¥ŠE˜R‰k‚Ȃǂ̃f[ƒ^‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B@
Magnetic field flux densityA or the
B-fieldA and spectral measurements showed that partial
body exposure from such appliances may exceed 0.5 mTesla
(root mean squared) at rates-of-change exceeding 10 Tesla/sec.@
‚±‚¤‚µ‚½ƒf[ƒ^‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAl‘Ì‚ª•”•ª“I‚É–\˜I‚·‚鎥ŠE‚Ì‹‚³‚Í0.5mTi5ƒKƒEƒXj‚ð’´‚¦AŽžŠÔ•Ï“®’l‚Í‚P‚OƒeƒXƒ‰^•b‚ð’´‚¦‚éB@
These epidemiologic data must be interpreted cautiously
because the number of cases is limited and because of proxy reporting of
appliance use for deceased cases. @
Œ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—ᔂªŒÀ’肳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚̈ՊwŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA’ˆÓ‚µ‚ÄAŽæ‚舵‚¤•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB@
NeverthelessA the authors
believe these data indicate that peak magnetic field exposure from personal
appliances warrants further investigation as a possible risk factor for acute
nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults. @
‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚̃s[ƒNŽ¥ŠE˜R‰k‚ÍA¡Œã‚Ì–ð”öŠw’²¸‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŒŸ“¢‚³‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB@
ˆÈã‚É‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉA—\”õ’²¸‚Ì’iŠK‚Å‚ ‚邪A‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚é‘ål‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì‘‰Á‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚Å‚·B@
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜‚Ì‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚ÄA“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚X@
ŒfÚŽ†FAmerican Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 144A Issue 12 1107-1121A 1996 @
˜_•¶–¼FExposure to
50-Hz electric field and incidence of leukemiaA brain
tumorsA and other cancers among French electric utility
workers @
ƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Ì“d—Í]Ž–ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½50Hz“dŠE–\˜I‚ÆŠà‚ÌŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFP GuenelA J NicolauA E ImbernonA A Chevalier and M
Goldberg @
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale-Unite 88A Hopital National de Saint-MauriceA
France.
ŠT—vF@
Recent studies on the association between exposure to 50- to 60-Hz fields and cancer carried
out among electric utility workers have focused mainly on the magnetic field component of exposure. @
Å‹ß‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½50/60Hz“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”ƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŽå‚ÉŽ¥ŠE‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ¤‹†‚ªs‚È‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
The authors have investigated tumor risks specifically associated
with electric fieldsA as this exposure is distinct(ˆÙ‚È‚é)
from magnetic fields. @
–{Œ¤‹†‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƈقȂé“dŠE‚Æ”ƒKƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB@
The study design is a case-control study nested within a cohort of
170A000 workers employed at Electricite
de France-Gaz de France (EDF) between 1978 and 1989.
ƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒX“d—ÍiEDFj‚É1978”N‚©‚ç1989”N‚ɋΖ±‚µ‚½17–œl‚ÌW’c‚Ì’†‚ÅAÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B@
All incident cases of cancer and benigni—Ç«‚Ìj
tumor of the brain diagnosed in 1978-1989 among workers before the
age of retirement were included.@@
1978”N‚©‚ç1989”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÅA‘ÞE‘O‚ÉŠà‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽA—Ç«‚Ì”]ŽîᇂðŠÜ‚Þ‘S‚Ä‚ÌŠà‚ÌÇ—á‚ðŽûW‚µ‚½B@
Four randomly selected controls were individually matched to each
case by year of birth.
¶”N‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚ÄA‘ÎÆŒS‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B@
The exposure to electric fields
was assessed from measurements collected in 850 EDF workers for a
full work week. @
“dŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Ìó‘Ô‚Í860l‚Ì]‹Æˆõ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‘ª’è•]‰¿‚ðs‚È‚Á‚½B@
Arithmetic and geometric mean exposures were included in a
job-exposure matrix to determine the cumulative exposure of the cases and
the controls. @
‘ÎÆŒSAÇ—áŒQ‚Æ‚à‚ÉA—ÝÏ–\˜I—ÊiŽZp•½‹ÏAŠô‰½•½‹Ï‚Æ‚à‚Éj‚ÅJOBƒ}ƒgƒŠƒbƒNƒX‚ð쬂µ‚½B@
Exposures to potentially carcinogenic chemicals found at the
workplace were also evaluated through expert judgment. @
Eê‚É‚ ‚é‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«•¨Ž¿‚̉e‹¿‚ÍAê–å‰Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä•]‰¿‚³‚ꂽB@
The analysis by site of tumor did not show any increased risk for
leukemia (72 cases). @
72‚ÌÇ—á‚Ì‚ ‚Á‚½”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA”¶•”ˆÊ‚Æ“dŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÍŠÖŒW‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
An odds ratio of 3.08 (95% confidence interval 1.08-8.74) was
observed for all brain tumors (69 cases) for exposure above the 90th
percentile (> or = 387 V/m-year)A and
there was some indication of a dose-response relationA although the risk did not increase monotonically with exposure. @
69‚ÌǗႪ‚ ‚Á‚½”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍA387V/mˆÈã‚Ì‹‚¢“dŠE‚É–\˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é90ƒp[ƒZƒ“ƒ^ƒCƒ‹‚Ìl‚ÌŠÔ‚Å‚ÍAƒIƒbƒY”䂪3.08 ( CI: 1.08-6.74)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚»‚µ‚ÄA–\˜I‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä’P’²‚É‘‰Á‚ÆŒ¾‚¤–ó‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA‚킸‚©‚È—Ê\”½‰žì—p‚ªŠÏ‘ª‚³‚ꂽB@
No confounding from magnetic
fields or from other potentially
carcinogenic hazards was apparent. @
Ž¥ŠE‚̉e‹¿A‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«•¨Ž¿‚̉e‹¿‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
The observed association was somewhat stronger after allowing a
5-year latency periodiö•šŠúj before diagnosis (odds ratio
= 3.69A 95% confidence interval 1.10-12.43)
for exposure above the 90th percentile. @
Šà‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚é‘O‚É5”N‚Ìö•šŠúŠÔ‚ð‘z’è‚·‚é‚ÆAã‹LƒIƒbƒY”ä3.08‚Æ‚¢‚¤”Žš‚̓IƒbƒY”ä3.69‚É‘‰Á‚·‚éB@
HoweverA the risk of brain tumor could not be linked to
a specific type of tumor. @
“Á’è‚ÌŽí—Þ‚Ì”]ŽîᇂƂ̊֘A‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
An unexpected association was also observed for coloniŒ‹’°j cancerA using geometric indexes
of exposureA but no other association was seen for any
other type of cancer.
—\‘z‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚邪AŠô‰½“I•½‹Ï’l‚Ì–\˜I—Ê‚ÆŒ‹’°Šà‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ªŒ©‚‚©‚Á‚½B
‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÌŠà‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Our study indicates that electric fields
may have a specific effect on the risk of brain tumorA and that this should be taken into account in future
analyses on the carcinogenic effects of 50- to 60-Hz fields. @
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA“dŠE–\˜I‚ª”]ŽîᇂɊ֘A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚èA¡Œã‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA50HzA60Hz‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚Æ”ƒKƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚ÍA“dŠE‚̉e‹¿‚à‰Á–¡‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B@
ˆÈã@@@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜‚Ì‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚ÄA“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B@@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý‚Ì“üŽèB‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚W@
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of EpidemiologyA Vol 146A Issue 1 87-90A 1997 @
˜_•¶–¼FLeukemia risk and occupational electric field exposure in Los Angeles
CountyA California@
ƒJƒ‹ƒtƒHƒ‹ƒjƒA‚É‚¨‚¯‚éE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLI KheifetsA SJ London and JM Peters @
EMF Health Assessment and ManagementA Electric Power
Research InstituteA Palo AltoA
CA. USA
ŠT—v:
The authors analyzed data on electric fields from a prior study of occupational
magnetic field exposure and leukemia risk conducted in Los Angeles County,
CaliforniaA in 1972-1990.
1972|1990”N‚̉ߋŽ‚És‚Á‚½Ž¥ŠE‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒf[ƒ^‚©‚çA
“dŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰ðÍ‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B
Ranking of exposure differed somewhat for magnetic and
electric fields.
“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ð“K“–‚Ƀ‰ƒ“ƒN‹æ•ª‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B
The odds ratios were 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI)
0.80-1.86) and 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.72) for medium and high
exposure categories, respectively, and there was no clear evidence of an exposure-response
relation (odds ratio for 10 V/m increase = 1.05A 95% CI
0.95-1.16).
‚‚¢–\˜IŒQ‚Æ’†’ö“x‚Ì–\˜IŒQ‚ÌŠÔ‚Å‚ÌAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.22(CI:
0.90-1.86)A“dŠE–\˜I‹“x‚ª10V/m‘‰Á‚·‚é‚ɂ‚ê‚ăŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Å1.05iCI: 0.95-1.16j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Although not conclusiveA our analyses
provide little support for an association between occupational electric field
exposure and leukemia.
Œ‹˜_‚¯‚é–ó‚É‚Í‚¢‚©‚È‚¢‚ªA‚±‚̉ðÍŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍE‹Æ“I‚È’áŽü”g“dŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‘‰Á‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢B@
ˆÈã@
‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÍŒ»Ý‚v‚g‚n‚Ì‘Û“dŽ¥”gƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚Ì“Z‚ß–ð‚ð‚â‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚él‚ÌŒ¤‹†˜_•¶‚Å‚·B
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ´’˜@‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍWEB‚à‚µ‚‚ÍŒ´’˜‚ðw“ü‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢BˆÈ‰º‚ÍŽ„‚Ì—‰ð‚Å‚«‚½”͈͂ł̊T—v‚Å‚·B
Documents of NRPB Vol.12 No. 1, 2001
ELF Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer@
Report of an Advisory Group on Non-Ionizing Radiation@
Chairman: Sir R. Doll @
Œ´–{‚ÍNRPB‚©‚ç30ƒ|ƒ“ƒh‚Åw“ü‰Â”\BŠT—v‚ÍNRPB‚ÌWEB‚É–ÚŽŸ‚ÆŒ‹˜_‚Ì•”•ª‚¾‚¯‚ªŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ˆÈ‰º‚Í‚±‚ÌŒöŠJ‚³‚ꂽŠT—v‚ÌŠT—v‚Å‚ ‚éBWEB‚ÌURL‚Í http://www.nrpb.org.uk@@
–‚±‚Ì•ñ‚ÍELFA’áŽü”g‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŒÀ’è‚·‚é•ñ‚Å‚ ‚éB
–NRPB‚Ìʼn‚Ì1992”N‚É”s‚µ‚½ƒŒƒ|[ƒg‚Å‚às‚Á‚½‚ªA’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ăŒƒrƒ…[‚ðs‚Á‚½B
–ƒqƒg‚̃Kƒ“‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜IAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚锘˜I‚Ƃ̉uŠw’²¸A×–EŽÀŒ±A“®•¨ŽÀŒ±Aƒqƒg‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ŽÀŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚½B
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– ×–EŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰Ê@
No Clear evidenceA No convincing evidence‚Æ‚¢‚¤•\Œ»‚ÅA“dŽ¥ŠE‚ª‰e‹¿‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‚Ü‚¾–¾Šm‚ÈØ‹’AŠm’肵‚½Ø‹’‚Í‚È‚¢B@
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–ZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚锘˜I@
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‚µ‚©‚µAThe evidenceA howeverA not Conclusive.i‚Ü‚¾Œ‹˜_‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢j‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Bio@ElectroMagneticsŽ@2000”N12ŒŽ†‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½Œ¤‹†‚Å‚·B
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFP. Galloni@et al:
˜_•¶–¼FEffects of 50 Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on Tumor Experiencal models.
50Hz@‚Qƒ~ƒŠƒeƒXƒ‰i‚Q‚OƒKƒEƒXj‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚É‘l‚𔘘IB
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Ž¥ŠE‚Ö‚Í1“ú6ŽžŠÔ@T5“úŠÔ”˜˜I‚³‚¹‚½B@
Œ‹‰Ê‚Í@
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‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚çA‰uŠw‚Å‚Í”ƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX’ö“x‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Å‚àŠà‚ð‘”‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚錤‹†‚ª‚ ‚邪A‚±‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Í‚P‚O‚O‚O‚O”{‚à‹‚¢Ž¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚É‚àŠÖ‚í‚炸AŠà‚Ì‘”‚Í“®•¨ŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ÍŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚P‚W@
ŒfÚŽF@American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 153A
No. 9 : 825-835 2001
˜_•¶–¼FLeukemiaA Brain TumorsA and Exposure to Extremely Low
Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees @ƒXƒCƒX‚Ì“S“¹]Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”’ŒŒ•aE”]Žîá‡@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF@C. E. Minder and D. H. Pfluger@@
From the Institute for Social and Preventive
MedicineA University of BerneA
BerneA Switzerland
Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the
relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields
and leukemia or brain tumors.
”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ”]ŽîᇂƒáŽü”gŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA“S“¹]‹Æˆõ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉŒ¤‹†‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B@
In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 x 105
person-years of follow-up (1972–1993)A the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line
engineers: 25.9 µT) to those with medium and low exposures (station
masters: 1 µT).
27–œl”N‚Ì‹K–Í‚ÅAƒXƒCƒX‚Ì“S“¹]‹Æˆõ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÅA1972”N‚©‚ç1993”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ð’ÇÕŠúŠÔ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
‚‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì–\˜IŒQiü˜HHA25.9ƒÊTj‚Æ’†’ö“x‚Æ’á‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì–\˜IŒQi‰w’·EA1ƒÊTj‚ð”ä‚ׂ½B@
The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence
interval (CI): 1.0 6.1) among line
engineers (reference category: station masters). @
ü˜HH‚Ɖw’·E‚ð”ä‚ׂé‚ÆAü˜HH‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚Å‚ÌŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2.4iCI 1.0-6.1jB
The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2-4.6) among line
engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2- 21.2) among shunting yard engineers
(compared with station masters).
“¯—l‚ÉA”]ŽîᇂƂ̊֌W‚ÍŽ€–S—¦”䂪1.0iCI 0.2 - 4.6j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA
•ªŠò“_‚Å“‚l‚Ɖw’·E‚ÌŽ€–S—¦”ä‚ÍA5.1iCI: 1.2 -
21.2j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
i•MŽÒ‚Ì’F5.1”{‚ÌCI‚ÌŠÔŠu‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAǗᔂª‚È‚¢Hj@
Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure
in µT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields
of > or = 10µT.@
—ÝσÊTE”N’l‚ÆA10ƒÊTˆÈã‚É–\˜I‚µ‚½”N”‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA–\˜I󋵂à•]‰¿‚µ‚½B@
There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95%
CI: 0.2- 1.7) per µT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low
frequency magnetic fields.
—ÝÏ’l‚ª1ƒÊTE”N–ˆ‚É”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚Í0.9%‘‰Á‚·‚éBi•MŽÒ‚Ì’F@‚±‚Ì”’l‚©‚çA100ƒÊT”N‚Å—]胊ƒXƒN‚Í–ñ‚P‚Æ‚È‚èAŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2”{‚Æ‚È‚éB1ƒKƒEƒX‚ð1”NŠÔ—‚Ñ‘±‚¯‚Ä—]胊ƒXƒN‚ª‚Pj@
The increase by years spent under exposure of >10 µT was even
stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15-129).
10ƒÊTˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ɘA‘±‚µ‚Ä–\˜I‚·‚é‚ÆAŽ€–S—¦‚Í1”N–ˆ‚É62%‘‰Á‚·‚éB@
Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation.
”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍA—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy
exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia.
Its strengths
include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction
of exposures. @
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍA‹‚¢’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚éB@
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍM—Š‚Å‚«‚鑪’è‚ÆA‰ß‹Ž‚ÌŽdŽ–‚È‚Ç‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—š—ð‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍM—Š‚Å‚«‚éî•ñ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
•MŽÒ‚Ì’F@‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚µ‚ÄJOB|ƒ}ƒgƒŠƒbƒNƒX‚ð쬂µ‚½‚Ì‚©? Œ´’˜˜_•¶i‘S•¶j‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚Ý‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚Q‚O@
ŒfÚŽF@Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:857-861A
2002@
˜_•¶–¼FRisk of
Severe Cardiac Arrhythmia in Male Utility Workers: A Nationwide Danish Cohort
Study @’j«“d—͉ïŽÐ]‹Æˆõ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éS‘Ÿ•s®–¬‚̃ŠƒXƒNAƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚Ì‘S‘‹K–͂̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFChristoffer Johansen1A Maria Feychting2A Mogens Møller3A Per Arnsbo3A Anders Ahlbom2
and Jørgen H. Olsen1
1 Institute
of Cancer EpidemiologyA Danish Cancer SocietyA DK-2100 CopenhagenA Denmark.
2 Institute of Environmental MedicineA
Karolinska InstitutetA S-171
77 StockholmA Sweden.
3 Danish Pacemaker and ICD RegisterA
Department of CardiologyA Odense University HospitalA 5000 Odense CA Denmark. @
ŠT—vF@
To address concern about the potential cardiovascular effects of
occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in the 50- to 60-Hz
frequency bandA the authors launched an epidemiologic
study of the incidence of severe cardiac arrhythmia, as indicated by
the need for a pacemaker, in a nationwide cohort of Danish utility
workers. @
‚T‚O|‚U‚O‚g‚š‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉE‹Æ“I‚É–\˜I‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚éS‘ŸŒŒŠÇ‹@”\‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚©‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œœ”O‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚Ì‘S‘‹K–Í‚Å‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ]Ž–ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒRƒz[ƒgW’c‚ÅAS‘Ÿ•s®–¬‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰uŠw’²¸‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B@
The cohort of 24,056 men employed at utility companies between 1900
and 1993 was linked to the nationwide, population-based Danish
Pacemaker Register, and the numbers of persons who had undergone
pacemaker implantation between 1982 and 2000 were compared with
corresponding numbers in the general population.
ƒRƒz[ƒgW’c‚Í“d—͉ïŽÐ‚É‚P‚X‚W‚OH”N‚©‚ç‚P‚X‚X‚R”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ċΖ±‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Q‚S‚O‚T‚U–¼‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ðƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚ÌS‘Ÿƒy[ƒXƒ[ƒJ‚Ì“o˜^‚c‚a‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚ÄA‚P‚X‚W‚Q”N‚©‚ç‚Q‚O‚O‚O”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉS‘Ÿƒy[ƒXƒ[ƒJ‚ð‘•’…‚µ‚½l‚Ì”‚𒲂×Aˆê”ÊŒöO‚Ì•½‹Ï’l‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚½B
In addition, the data on the utility workers were fitted to a
multiplicative Poisson regression model in relation to estimated
levels of exposure to 50-Hz electromagnetic fields.
‚T‚O‚g‚š@“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I—Ê‚à„’è‚µ‚½B@
Overall, based on 135 men with pacemakers (140 expected)A there was no increased risk of severe cardiac arrhythmia among the
utility employees; the risk estimate was 0.96 (95% confidence interval:
0.81-1.14). @
“d—͉ïŽÐ]Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì’†‚Ńy[ƒXƒ[ƒJ‚Ì‘•’…ŽÒ”‚Í‚P‚R‚T–¼Aˆê”Ê‚Ì•½‹Ï‚©‚çŽZo‚³‚ꂽŠú‘Ò’l‚Í‚P‚S‚O–¼‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚éƒy[ƒXƒ[ƒJ‘•’…‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‘å‚̓IƒbƒY”ä‚OD‚X‚U‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
No clear dose-response pattern emerged with increasing levels of
exposure to electromagnetic fields or with duration of employment. @
‹Î–±”N”‚âA“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‹“x‚Æ‚Ì—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½B@
These results are
largely reassuringA since they do not support
the hypothesis of a link between occupational exposure to
electromagnetic fields and an excess risk of severe cardiovascular
arrhythmia leading to permanent implantation of a pacemaker.@
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚©‚çAu“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ªS‘Ÿ•s®–¬‚Ì‘‰Á‚©‚çƒy[ƒXƒ[ƒJ‚ð‘•’…‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚‚È‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚év‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ÍŽxŽ‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬G‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚Q‚W@
ŒfÚŽFOccup Environ Med 2001; 58:307-314 (May)
˜_•¶–¼FLeukemia mortality in relation
to magnetic field exposure: findings from a study of United Kingdom electricity
generation and transmission workers, 1973-97
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJ M Harrington, L Nichols, T Sorahan, M van Tongeren
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston,
Birmingham B15 2TT, UK@
OBJECTIVE: To investigate
whether risks of leukemia are related to occupational exposure to magnetic
fields.@
–Ú“IFŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È–\˜I‚ª”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä’²¸‚ðs‚¤B
METHODS: The mortality
experienced by a cohort of 83 997 employees of the former Central
Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated
for the period 1973-97.
•û–@F@ƒCƒ“ƒOƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ƃEƒG[ƒ‹ƒY‚Ì‚©‚‚ĂÍCEGB‚ƌĂ΂ꂽ“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Ì]‹Æˆõ83997–¼‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA1973”N‚©‚ç1997”N‚É‚©‚¯‚Ä’²¸‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
All employees were employed for at least 6 months with some
employment in the period 1973-82.
‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½]‹Æˆõ‚Í1973”N‚©‚ç1982”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÅAÅ’á6ƒ–ŒŽ‚͋Ζ±‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½l‚Å‚ ‚éB@
Computeri‚“ed work histories
were available for 79 972 study subjects for the period
1971-93.
ƒRƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^‚É“ü—Í‚³‚ê‚ĉߋŽ‚ÌE–±—ð‚ª–¾Šm‚È]‹Æˆõ”‚Í79972–¼‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
Detailed calculations were performed by others to enable a novel
assessment to be made of exposures to magnetic fields. Two
analytical approaches were usedA indirect
standardization (n=83 997) and Poisson regression (n=79 972).
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚Í‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽB@“ñ‚‚̉ðÍ–@‚ʼnðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
RESULTS: Based on serial
mortalities for England and Wales, the standardized mortality ratio of
84 for all leukemias (observed 111, expected 132.3) was
similar to that of 83 for all causes (observed 14 845,
expected 17 918).
Œ‹‰ÊF”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍŽ€–S—¦”ä‚W‚SAŠú‘Ò’l132.3‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŠÏŽ@’l‚Í111‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ê‚Í‘S‚Ä‚ÌŽ€–SŒ´ˆö‚ł̔䗦‚Æ“¯’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‘SŽ€–S‚Å‚ÍŽ€–S—¦”ä‚W‚RAŠú‘Ò’l‚P‚V‚X‚P‚W‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŠÏŽ@’l‚Í‚P‚S‚W‚S‚T‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
No significant positive trends were found for the risks of various
types of leukemia (chronic lymphatic leukemia, acute myeloid
leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, all leukemia) either with
lifetime cumulative exposure to magnetic fields or with such
exposures received in the most recent 5 years.@
”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŽí—ނʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‚·‚ׂĂð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àA’¼‹ß‚Ì5”NŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I—ʂʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‘S¶ŠU—ÝÏ–\˜I’l‚ʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚àA—LˆÓ‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
CONCLUSIONS: There are no
discernible excess risks of leukemia as a consequence of occupational exposure
to magnetic fields in United Kingdom electricity generation and
transmission workers.
Œ‹˜_F‰p‘‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ‚É]Ž–‚·‚él‚ÉE‹Æ“I‚ÉŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚é”’ŒŒ•a‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽ¯•Ê‚Å‚«‚é‰ßè‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬G‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚Q|‚P‚U@
ŒfÚŽFOccu Environ Med 2001;58:626-630 ( October )
˜_•¶–¼FOccupational exposure to
magnetic fields relative to mortality from brain tumors: updated and revised
findings from a study of United Kingdom electricity generation and transmission
workers, 1973-97 @
‰p‘“d—Í]‹Æˆõ‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”]Žîᇂł̎€–S—¦‚ÌŠÖŒWG1973|97”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ©’¼‚µ‚©‚ç@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGT SorahanA L NicholsA M van TongerenA J M Harrington @
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston,
Birmingham B15 2TT, UK@
OBJECTIVEFTo investigate
whether risk of brain tumor is related to occupational exposure to magnetic
fields.@
–Ú“IFŽ¥ŠE‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È–\˜I‚ª”]Žî“’‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ðŠm‚©‚ß‚éB@
METHODSFThe mortality
experienced by a cohort of 83 997 employees of the former Central
Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated
for the period 1973-97.
•û–@FƒCƒ“ƒOƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ƃEƒG[ƒ‹ƒY‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ83997–¼‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µA1973|1997”N‚É‚©‚¯‚Ä‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
All workers were employed for at least 6 months with some
employment in the period 1973-82.
1973|82”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉÅ’áŒÀ“x6ƒ–ŒŽ‹Î–±‚µ‚½‘S‚Ä‚Ì]Ž–ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B@
Computerized work histories were available for 79 972 study
subjects for the period 1971-93.
1971|93”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌA79972–¼‚ÌE–±—ð‚ªAƒRƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^ƒf[ƒ^‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“üŽè‚Å‚«‚½B@
Detailed calculations had been performed by others to enable a novel
assessment to be made of exposures to magnetic fields. @ÚׂȌvŽZ‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Ì•]‰¿‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚Á‚½B
Two analytical approaches were usedA
indirect standardization (n=83 997) and Poisson regression (n=79
972).@2Ží—ނ̉ðÍ–@‚ðÌ—p‚µ‚½B
RESULTSFBased on serial
mortalities for England and WalesA deaths from brain
cancer were close to expectation (observed 158, expected 146.4).
Œ‹‰ÊF“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚Ì”]Žîᇂł̎€–S—¦‚ÍAˆê”Ê‚ÌŠ„‡‚©‚çŒvŽZ‚µ‚½Šú‘Ò’l‚É‹ß‚¢’l‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
iŠÏŽ@’l158A@Šú‘Ò’l146.4j@
No significant positive trends were shown for risks of brain tumors
either with lifetime cumulative exposure to magnetic fields or with
such exposures received in the most recent 5 years.@
Ž¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ÌIg—ÝÏ’l‚Å‚àA’¼‹ß‚Ì5ƒ•”N‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Å‚àA—LˆÓ‚È”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
CONCLUSIONSFThere are no discernible excess risks of brain tumors as a consequence
of occupational exposure to magnetic fields in United Kingdom
electricity generation and transmission workers.@
Œ‹˜_F‰p‘‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é”]ŽîᇂÌA”FŽ¯‚Å‚«‚é‰ßè‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢B@
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚P|‚R|‚P‚T
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: Occup Environ Med 1997;
54 (1): 7-13
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FOccupational exposure to magnetic fields in
relation to mortality from brain cancer among electricity generation and
transmission workers.
”‘—“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ”]Žîᇂɂæ‚鎀–S—¦‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW
’˜ŽÒ: Harrington JM, McBride DI, Sorahan
T, Paddle GM, van Tongeren M
AbstractŠT—vF
ObjectiveFTo investigate whether the risks of mortality
from brain cancer are related to occupational exposure to magnetic fields.
–Ú“IG”]‚ÌŠà‚É‚æ‚鎀–SƒŠƒXƒN‚ªŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚𒲂ׂéB
MethodsF•û–@
A total of 112 cases of primary brain cancer (1972-91) were identified from a
cohort of 84018 male and female employees of the (then) Central Electricity
Generating Board and its privatized successor companies.
Œ´”«”]‚ÌŠà(1972-91”N)‚̇Œv112Œ‚ÌÇ—á‚ðA(“–Žž‚Ì)’†‰›”“dˆÏˆõ‰ï‚Æ‚»‚ÌŒã‚Ì–¯‰c‰»‚³‚ꂽŒãŒp‰ïŽÐ‚ɋ΂߂½84018l‚Ì’j—]‹Æˆõ‚̃Rƒz[ƒg‚©‚ç’Šo‚µ‚½B
Individual cumulative occupational exposures to magnetic fields were estimated
by linking available computerized job history data with magnetic field
measurements collected over 675 person-work shifts.
Ž¥ê‚ɑ΂·‚éŒÂX‚Ì—ÝÏE‹Æ“I”˜˜I—Ê‚ÍA—˜—p‰Â”\‚ȃRƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^‰»‚³‚ꂽE—ðƒf[ƒ^‚Æ675ˆÈã‚ÌlEƒVƒtƒg‚ÅŽûW‚³‚ꂽŽ¥ê‘ª’è’l‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚ÄA„’肵‚½B
Estimated exposure histories of the case workers were compared with those of
654 control workers drawn from the cohort (nested case-control study), by means
of conditional logistic regression.
Ç—á‚Ì]‹Æˆõ‚Ì„’蔘˜I—š—ð‚ÍAðŒ•t‚«ƒƒWƒXƒeƒBƒbƒN‰ñ‹A‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAƒRƒz[ƒg(ƒRƒz[ƒg“àÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†)‚©‚çˆø‚«o‚³‚ꂽ654l‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ˜J“ŽÒ‚Ì„’蔘˜I—š—ð‚Æ”äŠr‚³‚ꂽB
ResultsFŒ‹‰Ê
For exposure assessments based on arithmetic means, the risk of mortality from
brain cancer for subjects with an estimated cumulative exposure to magnetic
fields of 5.4-13.4 uT-y v subjects with lower
exposures (0.0-5.3 uT-y) was 1.04 (95% confidence
interval (95% CI) 0.60 to 1.80).
ŽZp•½‹Ï‚ÉŠî‚”˜˜I•]‰¿‚Å‚ÍA’ᔘ˜I(0.0-5.3 ƒÊT-y‚ÌŽ¥ŠE)‚Ö‚Ì„’è—ÝÏ”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚½ŒQ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA’†”˜˜I(5.4-13.4ƒÊT-y)‚ÌŒQ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”]‚ÌŠà‚É‚æ‚鎀–SƒŠƒXƒN‚Í1.04(95%M—Š‹æŠÔF0.60]1.8)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The corresponding relative risk in subjects with higher exposures (> 13.5 uT-y) was 095 (95% CI 0,54 to 1.69).
‚–\˜I(13.5ƒÊT-yˆÈã)‚ÌŒQ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘Ήž‚·‚é‘Š‘ΓIƒŠƒXƒN‚Í0.95(95%CIF0.54]1.69)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
There was no indication of a positive trend for cumulative exposure and risk of
mortality from brain cancer either when the analysis used exposure assessments
based on geometric means or when the analysis was restricted to exposures
received within five years of the case diagnosis (or corresponding period for
controls).
•ªÍ‚ðŠô‰½Šw“IŽè’i‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä”˜˜I•]‰¿‚ð‚µ‚½ŽžA‚Ü‚½A•ªÍ‚ðǗႪŠà‚Æf’fi‘ÎÆŒQ‚ÌꇂÍA‚»‚ê‚ɑΉž‚·‚鎞Šúj‚³‚ê‚éˆÈ‘O‚Ɏ󂯂½”˜˜I‚ÉŒÀ’肵‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àA”]‚ÌŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í—ÝÏ”˜˜I‚ÆŽ€–SƒŠƒXƒN‚ɑ΂·‚ém’è“IiŠÖ˜A«‚ª—z«j‚ÈŒXŒü‚Ì’›Œó‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Conclusions: Œ‹˜_
Although the exposure categorization was based solely on recent observations,
the study findings do not support the hypothesis that the risk of brain cancer
is associated with occupational exposure to magnetic fields.
”˜˜I•ª—Þ‚ÍÅ‹ß‚ÌŠÏŽ@‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚½‚ªA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍA”]‚ÌŠà‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ªŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
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ANSES‚Í‚Ü‚½AŒ»s‚Ì‹K§‚Í‘—”z“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚Å‚Ì”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ðŒÀ“x’l‚É“K‡‚³‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚µ‚©‹K§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚çA‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ðˆê”ÊŒöO‚ª”˜˜I‚³‚ê‚é“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚Ì”¶Œ¹‚ÉŠg’£‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠ©‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‘—§ˆÀ‘SŒ¤‹†ŠiINRSj‹y‚Ñ”N‹à˜J“‰q¶•ÛŒ¯Šî‹àiCARSATj‚É‚æ‚鋤“¯Œ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆAˆê•”‚ÌEŽíA“Á‚É‚ ‚éŽí‚ÌŽY‹Æ—p‹@ŠB‚ð—p‚¢‚é‚悤‚È󋵂łÍA”˜˜IŒÀ“x’li50Hz‚Å1000ƒÊTj‚ð’´‚¦‚é”ñí‚É‚‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚³‚ê‚éöÝ“I‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚è‚Ü‚µ‚½B
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X‚ÉAEê‚Å‘˜‹ö‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚é‚‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì”˜˜I‚Å‚ÍA¶•¨Šw“I‰e‹¿iŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒXAˆâ“`“Å«ì—pA×–E¶—Šw‚ւ̉e‹¿j‚ª¶‚¶‚é‚©‚à’m‚ê‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ªAŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚ÅŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
’A‚µANSES‚ÍA‰uŠwŒ¤‹†‚ɂ͈êŠÑ«‚ª‚È‚A“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I”˜˜I‚Æ–«Ž¾Š³A“Á‚É_Œo•Ï«Ž¾Š³‹y‚Ñ_ŒoŒn‚ÌŽîᇂ̔¶‚Ƃ̂‚Ȃª‚è‚ðŠm—§‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
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‰Á‚¦‚ÄA”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚ÌŽŸ‚ÌÄ•]‰¿‚Å‚ÍAÅV‚̉Ȋw“IØ‹’‚ðl—¶‚É‚¢‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠ©‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
ANSES‚ÍA”D•w‚ÌEê‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‚É—¯ˆÓ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
ŽÀÛ‚ÉA‚ ‚éŽí‚ÌE‹Æ“I”˜˜IƒVƒiƒŠƒI‚Å‚ÍA‘ÙŽ™‚Ì—U“±“d—¬–§“x‚͈ê”ÊŒöO‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŠ©‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éŒÀ“x’l‚æ‚è‚à‚‚¢‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßANSES‚ÍA’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì‘ÙŽ™‚Ì”˜˜I‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚邽‚ßA—«Œü‚¯‚Ì‚æ‚è—Ç‚¢î•ñ’ñ‹Ÿ‚ÆA”DP‚ÌÛ‚ÌEê‚ðŠÇ—‚·‚é‹K§‚ɂ‚¢‚Ă̈ӎ¯Œüã‚ðŠ©‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‚±‚Ì•]‰¿•ñ‚ÌŒ´•¶iƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒXŒêjA‚È‚ç‚Ñ‚É—vŽ|i‰pŒêj‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚êˆÈ‰º‚ÌURL‚ÅŠm”F‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·B
Œ´•¶iƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒXŒêjF
https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/effets-sanitaires-li%C3%A9s-%C3%A0-l%E2%80%99exposition-aux-champs-%C3%A9lectromagn%C3%A9tiquesbasses-fr%C3%A9quences (https://www.anses.fr/fr/content/effets-sanitaires-li%C3%A9s-%C3%A0-l%E2%80%99exposition-auxchamps-%C3%A9lectromagn%C3%A9tiques-basses-fr%C3%A9quences)
—vŽ|i‰pŒêjF
https://www.anses.fr/en/system/files/AP2013SA0038EN.pdf
(https://www.anses.fr/en/system/files/AP2013SA0038EN.pdf)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚Q‚P@
ŒfÚŽFInternational Journal
of Epidemiology 2002;31:210-217@
˜_•¶–¼FBrain cancer
and occupational exposure to magnetic fields among men: results from a Canadian
population-based case-control study @
’j«‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”]Žîᇂɂ‚¢‚ẴJƒiƒ_‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFPaul J VilleneuveaA David A AgnewcA Kenneth C Johnsona and Yang Maoa and the
Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group@
Abstract @ŠT—v@
Background: The relationship between occupational exposure to magnetic fields
and brain cancer in men was investigated using population-based case-control
data collected in eight Canadian provinces. Emphasis was placed on examining
the variations in risk across different histological types. @
”wŒiF’j«‚ªE‹Æ“I‚ÉŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Æ”]ŽîᇂƂ̊֌W‚ðAƒJƒiƒ_‚Ì‚WB‚ÅÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B“Á‚ÉA‘gDŠw“I‚ȉðÍ‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B@
Methods: A list of occupations was compiled for 543 cases
and 543 controls that were individually matched by age.
•û–@F‚T‚S‚R‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ”N—î‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½‚T‚S‚R‚Ì‘ÎÆŒS‚ÌE‹Æ‚ðƒŠƒXƒg‚µ‚½B@
Occupations were categorized according to their average
magnetic field exposure through blinded expert review (<0.3, 0.3-<0.6A and 0.6 ƒÊT). @
ŠeE‹Æ‚Í–ÓŒŸ“I‚Éê–å‰Æ‚̃`ƒFƒbƒN‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE–\˜I—Êi0.3ˆÈ‰ºA0.3|0.6A0.6ƒÊTˆÈãj‚É•ª—Þ‚³‚ꂽB@
In totalA 133 cases (14%) and
123 controls (12%) were estimated to have at least one occupation whereby
magnetic field exposures exceeded 0.3ƒÊT. Odds ratios (OR) were generated using conditional logistic regressionA and were adjusted for suspected occupational risk factors for brain
cancer. @
‡Œv133‚ÌÇ—á”i14“j‚Æ123‚Ì‘ÎÆŒSi12“j‚ÍA0.3ƒÊTˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚éE‹Æ‚ÌA‚È‚‚Æ‚à‚ЂƂ‚ÌE‹Æ‚ÉŠ‘®‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B@‚»‚µ‚Ä”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ðƒIƒbƒY”ä‚ÅŒvŽZ‚µ‚½B
Results: A non-significantly increased risk of brain
cancer was observed among men who had ever held a job with an average magnetic
field exposure >0.6ƒÊT relative to those with exposures <0.3ƒÊT (OR = 1.33, 95% CI:
0.75-2.36). @
Œ‹‰ÊF0.3ƒÊTˆÈ‰º‚Ì–\˜I‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA0.6ƒÊTˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.33iCI:
0.75-2.36j‚ÅA—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
A more pronounced risk was observed among men diagnosed with glioblastoma
multiforme (‘½Œ`‚Ì_ŒoäPŽ¿•ê×–EŽî)(OR = 5.36A 95% CI: 1.16-24.78).
–¾Šm‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Í‘½Œ`‚Ì_ŒoäPŽ¿•ê×–EŽî‚É‚ ‚èAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í5.36iCI:1.16|24.78j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
MoreoverA a cumulative time
weighted index score of magnetic field exposure was significantly related to
glioblastoma multiforme (P = 0.02). @
‚»‚µ‚Ä‘½Œ`‚Ì_ŒoäPŽ¿•ê×–EŽî‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í—ÝÏ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Ì‹‚³‚ÆŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
In contrastA magnetic field
exposures were not associated with astrocytoma or other brain cancers. @
ˆê•ûA¯ó×–EŽî‚Æ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½B@
Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that occupational
magnetic field exposure increases the risk of glioblastoma multiforme. @
Œ‹˜_F¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA‘½Œ`‚Ì_ŒoäPŽ¿•ê×–EŽî‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚ăŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚éB@
ˆÈã@@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜i‘S•¶j‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚Q‚X@
ŒfÚŽFNeurology 1999;52:1279@
˜_•¶–¼FMultiple sclerosisi‘½”«d‰»Çjamong utility workers @
“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒŠÔ‚Ì‘½”«d‰»Ç‚̃ŠƒXƒN@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFChristoffer JohansenA MDA Nils Koch-HenriksenA MDA Søren
RasmussenA MSc and Jøorgen H.
OlsenA MD
ŠT—vF@
The incidence of MS was assessed in a nationwide cohort study of
31,990 employees of Danish utility companies between 1900 and 1993.@
1900”Ni?j‚©‚ç1993 ”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌAƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ31,990 –¼‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÅA‘½”«d‰»Ç‚Ì”¶—¦‚𒲸‚µ‚½B@
Overall, 32 cases of MS were diagnosed, as compared with 23.7
expected from national incidence rates, to yield a standardized incidence
ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.91).
Šú‘Ò’l23.7Œ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŠÏŽ@’l‚Í32Œ‚Å‚ ‚èA•W€‰»”¶—¦‚Í1.35iCIF0.92-1.91j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
We found no support for the hypothesis of an association between
occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and the risk of MS.
@
‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ÍAE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Æ‘½”«d‰»Ç‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鉼à‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢B@
––––––––––––@@@–––––––––––––––
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜i‘S•¶j‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‘½”«d‰»ÇF
Çó‚ðŒ»‚·Œ´ˆö‚Æ‚È‚é•a‘ƒied‰»f‚‚܂èA•a‘ƒ‚Ì_Œo‘gD‚ªG‚Á‚Ä‚Ý‚é‚Æd‚‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éj@‚ª‘å”]‚âÒ‘A‚Ü‚ê‚É––½_Œo‚Æ‚¢‚í‚ê‚élŠÔ‚Ì_Œo‘gD‚ÉAˆê‚ˆÈãŠô‚‚àA‚ ‚¿‚±‚¿‚ÉŽUÝ‚µ‚Äo—ˆ‚Ä‚«‚Ü‚·B
‚©‚È‚è‹}‚É•à‚‚Æ‚Ó‚ç‚‚A–Ú‚ª‚©‚·‚ÞA“ñd‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚éA”A‚ªo‚É‚‚¢A‚È‚Ç‚ÌÇó‚Å”•a‚µ‚Ü‚·B
‚Æ‚‚É—«‚Í’j«‚É‚‚ç‚×A‚±‚Ì•a‹C‚É‚©‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚él‚ª‚â‚⑽‚A“ú–{‚Å‚Í‚l‚rŠ³ŽÒ‚ÍlŒû10–œl“–‚½‚è3.7‚©‚瑽‚‚Ä‚à5.0l‚®‚ç‚¢‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ü‚·‚ªA‰¢•Äl‚ÌŠÔ‚Å‚Í‚à‚Á‚Æ‘½‚¢•a‹C‚ÅA‚±‚Ì”Žš‚Í30.0‚©‚ç90.0‚®‚ç‚¢‚É‚È‚è‚Ü‚·B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚R‚O@@
ŒfÚŽ†FCarcinogenesis, Vol. 21, No. 6, 1221-1226, June
2000@
˜_•¶–¼FEffects of 60 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic
fields (EMF) on radiation- and chemical-induced mutagenesis in mammalian cells @
šM“û—Þ×–E‚ð—p‚¢‚½•úŽËüE”‚ª‚ñ«‰»Šw•¨Ž¿‚Å—U“±‚µ‚½60HzŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŒø‰Ê@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFRaheel M. Ansari and Tom K. Hei1 @
Center for Radiological Research, College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, VC 11-218, 630 West 168th
Street, New York, NY 10032, USA @
ŠT—vF@
There is considerable uncertainty of the potential biological effects
of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF or EMF) because
of mixed results in epidemiological and laboratory studies.
‰uŠw‚âŽÀŒ±Žº‚Å‚ÌŽÀŠ´‚Å‚ÍŒ‹‰Ê‚̈ê’v‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚çA•sŠm’è‚ÅŠm”F‚·‚ׂ«‰Û‘è‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAEMFŽ¥ŠE‚̶‘̂ւ̉e‹¿‚ª‚ ‚éB@
In the present study, exponentially growing human–hamster
hybrid AL cells were treated with a 100 µT alternating EMF
powered at 60 Hz for either 24 h or 7 days. @
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA60Hz‚Å100ƒÊTi1ƒKƒEƒXj ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ð24ŽžŠÔ‚à‚µ‚‚Í7“úŠÔAƒqƒg‚ƃnƒ€ƒXƒ^[‚ðŠ|‚¯‡‚킹‚½×–E‚Ɉó‰Á‚µ‚½B
Exposure to EMF was conducted either alone or in combination with
graded doses of a physical or chemical carcinogen. @
Ž¥ŠE‚¾‚¯‚É–\˜I‚µ‚½ŽÀŒ±‚ÆA•¨—“I‚à‚µ‚‚͉»Šw“I‚È”‚ª‚ñ«•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚Ì‘g‚݇‚킹‚Å‚àŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
ƒÁ-radiation was chosen as a form of ionizing
radiation while N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
was chosen as a form of chemical contaminant@
ƒKƒ“ƒ}[ü‚𕨗“I‚È“d—£•úŽËüŒ¹‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAMNNG‚ð‰»Šw“I‚È”ƒKƒ“•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B@
Exposure of AL cells to EMF alone for a period up to 7
days was non-cytotoxic and non-mutagenic.@
Ž¥ŠE‚¾‚¯‚Ì–\˜I‚Å‚ÍA24ŽžŠÔ‚Å‚à7“úŠÔ‚Ì–\˜I‚Å‚àA×–E“Å«‚â“Ë‘R•ÏˆÙ‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Concurrent EMF treatment did not increase either the cytotoxicity or
induction of CD59– mutants by graded
doses of ƒÁ-rays or MNNG in AL cells.@
ƒKƒ“ƒ}[üAMNNG‚É‚æ‚锃Kƒ“‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘‰Á‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
This study shows conclusively that short-term or long-term exposure
to EMF alone neither affects the survival of AL cells nor
increases the mutagenic potency of other environmental carcinogens.
@
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA’ZŠú‚Æ’·Šú‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE‚¾‚¯‚Ì–\˜I‚Å‚àA‚Ü‚½‘¼‚Ì”Šà•¨Ž¿‚ÌŒø—Í‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚½‚èA×–E‚̶‘¶—¦‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚½‚è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚R‚P@
@ƒgƒƒ“ƒg‘åŠw‚ÌMiller‚͈ê˜A‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å“dŠE‚Ƃ̈ö‰ÊŠÖŒW‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
ŒfÚŽFOccup Environ Med 2000;@57:249-257 ( April )
˜_•¶–¼FNon-Hodgkin's lymphoma among electric utility
workers in Ontario: the evaluation of alternate indices of exposure to
60 Hz electric and magnetic fields @
ƒIƒ“ƒ^ƒŠƒI‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ]‹Æˆõ‚Ì”ñƒzƒWƒLƒ“”’ŒŒ•aF‚U‚OHz “dŽ¥ŠE–\˜IŽw•W‚Ì•]‰¿@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFPaul J Villeneuvea
bA David A Agnewa
cA Anthony B MilleraA Paul N Coreya @
oa Department
of Public Health SciencesA University of TorontoA TorontoA OntarioA
CanadaA b Department
of Epidemiology and Community MedicineA Faculty of
MedicineA University of OttawaA
OttawaA OntarioA CanadaA
c Ontario Power
GenerationA TorontoA OntarioA Canada@
OBJECTIVESG To examine
associations between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and exposures to 60 Hz
magnetic and electric fields in electric@utility
workers with a series of indices that capture a variety of aspects
of field strength.@
–Ú“IF“d—͉ïŽÐ]‹Æˆõ‚Ì‚U‚OHz“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”ñƒzƒWƒLƒ“”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðA‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚È–\˜I•]‰¿Žw”‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄŒŸ“¢‚·‚éB@
METHODSF The study
population consisted of 51 cases of NHL and 203 individually matched
controls identified from within a cohort of male electric utility
workers in Ontario.
Odds ratios were calculated for several
exposure indices with conditional logistic regression models. @
•û–@F51–¼‚Ì”ñƒzƒWƒLƒ“”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌÇ—á‚ÆA203–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B@‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚È–\˜IŽw”‚ð—p‚¢‚ăIƒbƒY”ä‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
Aspects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields that were
modeled included: the percentage of time spent above selected threshold
field intensities, mean transitions in field strength, SD, and the
arithmetic and geometric mean field intensities.@
“Á’è‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚ð臒l‚Æ‚µ‚Äݒ肵‚Ä‚»‚êˆÈã‚Ì‹“x‚É–\˜I‚·‚鎞ŠÔ‚ÌŠ„‡AŽZp“I•½‹Ï’lAŠô‰½Šw“I‚È•½‹Ï’l‚È‚Ç‚ð–\˜IŽw”‚Æ‚µ‚½B@
RESULTSF For the most part,
there was a lack of an association between exposure indices of magnetic fields
and the incidence of NHL. @
Subjects in the upper tertile
of percentage of time spent above electric field intensities of
10 and 40 V/m had odds ratios of 3.05 (95% confidence
interval (95% CI) 1.07 to 8.80) and 3.57 (1.30 to
9.80), respectivelyA when compared with those in the
lowest tertile.
‰ð͂̑命”‚Å‚ÍA”ñƒzƒWƒLƒ“”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
‚µ‚©‚µA‚P‚OV/m‚Æ‚S‚OV/m‚ð’´‚¦‚é“dŠE‹“x‚É–\˜I‚·‚鎞ŠÔ‚ÌŠ„‡‚ª‚‚©‚Á‚½l‚̃IƒbƒY”ñ‚ÍŠ„‡‚Ì’á‚©‚Á‚½l‚É”ä‚ׂ½ŽžA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚RD‚O‚TiCI:‚PD‚R‚O|‚XD‚W‚OjA‚RD‚T‚ViCI:‚PD‚O‚V|‚WD‚W‚Oj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
Moreover, the percentages of time spent above these electric field
thresholds were significant predictors of case status over and above
the association explained by duration of employment and the
arithmetic or geometric mean exposure.@
ã‹L‚Ì“dŠE‹“x‚Ì臒l‚ð‰z‚¦‚é–\˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚鎞ŠÔ‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÍAÇ—á‚Ì–\˜Ió‹µ‚ðŽ¦‚·Žw•W‚Æ‚È‚èA‹Î–±”N”‚â–\˜I‹“x‚ÌŽZp•½‹ÏEŠô‰½Šw“I•½‹Ï’l‚Æ–§Ú‚ÉŠÖŒW‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
CONCLUSIONSF These data suggest
that exposures above electric field threshold intensities of 10 and
40 V/m are important predictors of NHL. @
Consequently. the findings support the hypothesis that electric fields
may play a promoting part in the aetiologyi•aˆöŠwj of this cancer. @
Œ‹˜_F–\˜I‚·‚é“dŠE‹“x‚P‚OV/m‚â‚S‚OV/m‚Íd—v‚È—\‘ªŽw”‚Æ‚È‚éB
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†¬‰Ê‚Í‚ª‚ñ‚Ì•aˆöŠw‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA“dŠE‚ªƒvƒƒ‚[ƒ^ì—p‚ðŽ‚‚Ƃ¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚éB@
Further occupational studies that include assessment of exposure to
electric fields and measures of field strength above similar threshold
cut off points are needed to confirm these findings.@
¡Œã‚ÌE‹Æ–\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚Å‚ÍA¡‰ñŽ¦‚µ‚½‚悤‚È臒l‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄA“dŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚Ì–\˜I•]‰¿‚às‚¢A‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†¬‰Ê‚ðŠm‚©‚ß‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB@
˜_•¶–¼FResidential Exposure to
Magnetic Fields and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children@Žq‹Ÿ‚Ì‹}«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFMartha S. LinetA M.D.A Elizabeth E. HatchA Ph.D.A Ruth A. KleinermanA M.P.H.A et al:
ŒfÚŽGŽFThe New England Journal of Medicine@Volume 337:1-8. Number 1. July 3A 1997
ABSTRACT ŠT—v
BackgroundF”wŒi
Previous studies found associations between childhood leukemia and
surrogate indicators of exposure to magnetic fields (the
power-line classification scheme known as "wire coding")A@but not between childhood leukemia and measurements of 60-Hz residential
magnetic fields.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚Ì‘ã—pŽw”‚Æ‚µ‚ẴƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Å‚ÍŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚鬎™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪AŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE–\˜I’l‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
MethodsF•û–@@
We enrolled 638 children with acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were under 15 years of age and were
registered with the Children's Cancer Group and 620 controls in a
study of residential exposure to magnetic fields generated by nearby power
lines.
ZŠÂ‹«‰º‚ÅA‘—“dü‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”¶‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉAƒKƒ““o˜^‚©‚ç15Έȉº‚Å‹}«”’ŒŒ•a‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚U‚R‚W‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ‚U‚Q‚O‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
In the subjects' current and former homesA data
collectors blinded to the subjects' health status measured magnetic fields for 24 hours in each
child's bedroom and for 30 seconds in three or four other rooms and
outside the front door.
Ž¥ŠE‚Ì‹‚³‚𑪒肷‚é‹ZpŽÒ‚ÍA‘ª’è‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚é‰Æ’낪AÇ—á‚©‘ÎÆ‚©AŒ»ÝZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚é‰Æ‚©A‰ß‹Ž‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½‰Æ‚©‚Í‚í‚©‚ç‚È‚¢‚悤‚ÉA–ÓŒŸ–@‚Ås‚Á‚½BŽ¥ŠE‚Ì‘ª’è‚Í24ŽžŠÔŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌQŽº‚ÅA‚»‚µ‚Ä30•bŠÔ‚Ì‚R|‚S‚Ì‘¼‚Ì•”‰®‚ÆŒºŠÖ‚ÌŠO‘¤‚Å‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B
A computer algorithm assigned wire-code categoriesA based on the distance and configuration of nearby power
linesA to the subjects' main residences (for 416
case patients and 416 controls) and to those where the family had
lived during the mother's pregnancy with the subject (for 230 case
patients and 230 controls).
Še416‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ‘ÎƂɑ΂µ‚ÄA‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì\¬‚â‘—“dü‚ƉƂ̋——£‚È‚Ç‚©‚烃Cƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚̃Rƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^”»’è‚Ås‚Á‚½B‚Ü‚½Še230‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ‘ÎƂɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍA•êe‚ª”DP’†‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½‰Æ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‚µ‚ÄAŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B@
Results Œ‹‰ÊF@
The risk of childhood ALL was not linked to summary time-weighted
average residential magnetic-field levelsA categorized according
to a priori criteria.
“–‰‚ÌŒ¤‹†‰Û‘èÝ’è‚É‚Ì‚Á‚Æ‚ès‚Á‚½ZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎞ŠÔ‚Éd‚Ý•t‚¯‚ð‚µ‚½•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE’l‚Æ”ƒKƒ“‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
The odds ratio for ALL was 1.24 (95 percent confidence intervalA 0.86 to 1.79) at exposures of 0.200 µT or greater as
compared with less than 0.065 µT.
0.065ƒÊTˆÈ‰º‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚Ä0.2ƒÊTˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍA‹}«¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‘‰Á‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚PD‚Q‚Si‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔF‚OD‚W‚U|‚PD‚V‚Xj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
The risk of ALL was not increased among children whose main
residences were in the highest wire-code category (odds ratio as
compared with the lowest categoryA 0.88; 95 percent
confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.63).
ƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh@‚ł̉ðÍ‚Å‚àA‚–\˜IŒQ‚ł̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚W‚Wi‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔF‚OD‚S‚W|‚PD‚U‚Rj‚Å‚ ‚èA¬Ž™‹}«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Furthermore, the risk was not significantly associated with either
residential magnetic-field levels
or the wire codes of the homes mothers resided in when pregnant with
the subjects.
‚³‚ç‚ÉA•êe‚ª”DP’†‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½ZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽÀ‘ª‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚ÆAƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Æ‚à—LˆÓ‚ÈŠÖ˜A«‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Conclusions@Œ‹˜_F@
Our results provide little evidence that living
in homes characterized by high measured time-weighted average magnetic-field levels or by the highest wire-code
category increases the risk of ALL in children. @
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚çAZŠÂ‹«‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎞ŠÔ‚Åd‚Ý•t‚¯‚ð‚µ‚½•½‹Ï’l‚ð—p‚¢‚½Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƃƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Å‚Ì”»’è‚Å‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì‹}«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
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ƒf[ƒ^‚̈ꕔ‚ðˆø—pF@ ŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‹“x‚Æ”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN
Ž¥ŠE‹“x@ƒÊT |
Ç—á” |
‘ÎÆ” |
ƒIƒbƒY”ä |
0.065ˆÈ‰º |
267 |
285 |
1.00 |
0.065-0.099 |
123 |
117 |
1.10(0.81-1.50) |
0.10-0.199 |
151 |
143 |
1.10(0.83-1.48) |
0.20ˆÈ㇎Z |
83 |
70 |
1.24(0.86-1.79) |
“à–ó0.20-0.299 |
38 |
42 |
0.92(0.57-1.48) |
0.30-0.399 |
22 |
17 |
1.39(0.72-2.72) |
0.40-0.499 |
14 |
5 |
3.28(1.15-9.39) |
0.50ˆÈã |
9 |
6 |
1.41(0.49-4.09) |
@‚±‚Ì•\‚©‚ç‚í‚©‚é‚悤‚ÉA‚Qm‚fˆÈã‚Å‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚é‚ƃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢B
‚µ‚©‚µA‚S‚‚fˆÈã‚Æ‚¢‚¤×‚©‚¢”Žš‚ðŒ©‚ê‚ÎAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ©‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éƒf[ƒ^‚ª•ïŠÜ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh |
Ç—á” |
‘ÎÆ” |
ƒIƒbƒY”ä |
UG{VLCC |
175 |
175 |
1.00 |
OLCC |
116 |
114 |
1.07(0.74-1.54) |
OHCC |
87 |
87 |
0.99(0.67-1.48) |
VHCC |
24 |
26 |
0.88(0.48-1.63) |
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Health Perspect
1996; 104: 135-140
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe melatonin hypothesis: electric power and
breast cancer.
ƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‰¼àF“d—Í‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ
’˜ŽÒ: Stevens RG, Davis S
ŠT—vF
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ŒfÚŽFCarcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 7, 1043-1048, July
2001
˜_•¶–¼FMagnetic fields (MF) of 50 Hz at 1.2 µT as well as
100 µT cause uncoupling of inhibitory pathways of adenylyl cyclase mediated by
melatonin 1a receptor in MF-sensitive MCF-7 cells
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGMasami Ishido, Hiroshi Nitta and Michinori Kabuto
ŠT—vF
Magnetic fields (MF) of 60 Hz at 1.2µT were previously shown to inhibit the
antiproliferativejeffect of melatonin on MCF-7 cells (Liburdy,R.P., 1993, J. Pimeal
Res. 14, 89–97).
60Hz1.2ƒÊT‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÍMCF-7×–E‚ðŽg‚Á‚½ŽÀŒ±‚ÅAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚Ì‘B—}§‹@”\‚ð—}§‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª’m‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éiLiburdy‚Ì1993”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†jB
In addition, three laboratories (Blackman, C.F. and Benane,
S.G., et al:) independently reported results consistent with this finding.
‰Á‚¦‚ÄA3‚‚̎ŽŒ±Š‚Å“Æ—§‚µ‚Äs‚í‚ꂽŽŽŒ±‚Å‚à“¯‚¶Œ‹‰Ê‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of the biological effects of
MF using MCF-7 cells.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍMCF-7×–E‚̶‘ÌŒø‰Ê‚Ì•ªŽq“I‚ÈŒŸ“¢‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Only 1a melatonin receptors were identified by the [125I] melatonin binding
assay and RT–PCR analysis.
1aƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ƒŒƒZƒvƒ^‚Ì‚Ý‚ðAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“Œ‹‡•ªÍ‚ÆRT-PCR•ªÍ‚ÅA”²‚«o‚µ‚½B
Moreover, preceding exposures to MF of 100µT for 3, 5 and 7 days blocked the
melatonin-induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation in a time-dependent manner,
while none of the melatonin receptor functions or GTPase and adenylyl cyclase
activities were affected.
‚³‚ç‚ÉA100ƒÊ‚s‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Éæ—§‚Á‚ÄA3A5A7“úAŠÔŽžŠÔˆË‘¶–@‚ÅAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—U“±‚³‚ê‚écAMP‚Ì’~Ï‚Ì—}§‚ð‚Æ‚ß‚½B
Estrogen-evoked cell proliferation was not altered by MF either.
ƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ĉø‚«‹N‚±‚³‚ê‚é×–E‘B‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĉe‹¿‚ðŽó‚¯‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Exposure to 1.2µT MF exerted the same effects on the melatonin-signaling
pathway as that to 100µT.
1.2ƒÊ‚s‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÍA100ƒÊ‚s‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚ÌM†‚Ì”½‰ž‚É“¯‚¶‰e‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚½B
Thus, this is the first study to provide evidence that MF may cause uncoupling
of signal transduction from melatonin receptors to adenylyl cyclase.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE‚ªƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ƒŒƒZƒvƒ^‚©‚çadenylyl cyclase‚Ö‚ÌM†“`’B‹@”\‚ð‰ð‚«•ú‚‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚·Ø‹’‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚éʼn‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚R|‚Q‚O@
ŒfÚŽFEnvironmental Health Perspectives Volume 109,
Number 5, May 2001 @
˜_•¶–¼FExamination of the Melatonin Hypothesis in Women
Exposed at Night to EMF or Bright Light @
@@@@@–éŠÔ‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠEE–¾‚é‚¢Œõ‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é—«‚̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‰¼à‚ÌŒŸØA
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGCharles Graham, Mary R. Cook, Mary M. Gerkovich, and Antonio Sastre
@@@@@Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri,
USA
Abstract@ŠT—v
It has been hypothesized that the increased incidence of breast cancer in
industrial societies is related to greater exposure to power-frequency electric
and magnetic fields (EMF) and/or the presence of high levels of light at night
(LAN).
æiH‹ÆŽÐ‰ï‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“û‚ª‚ñ‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍA“d—ÍŽü”g”‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚à‚µ‚‚Í–éŠÔ‚É–¾‚é‚¢Œõ‚ð—‚Ñ‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚ß‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ª‚ ‚éB
EMF and LAN are said to reduce circulating levels of the hormone melatonin
which, in turn, allows estrogen levels to rise and stimulate the turnover of
breast epithelial stem cells and increase the risk for malignant transformation.
“dŽ¥ŠEE–éŠÔ‚ÌŒõ‚̓ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚ðŒ¸‚³‚¹A‚»‚µ‚ÄAˆ««‚Ì‘gD•Ï«‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Three laboratory-based studies, in which a total of 53 healthy young women were
exposed at night to EMF or to LAN under controlled exposure conditions, were
performed to determine whether such exposures reduce melatonin and are
associated with further alterations in estrogen. @
‡Œv53–¼‚ÌŒ’N‚ÈŽá‚¢—«‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA–éŠÔ‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŒõ‚Ì–\˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚ªŒ¸‚µAƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‚ɉe‹¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚©’²¸‚µ‚½B
All-night exposure to industrial-strength magnetic fields (60 Hz, 28.3 µT) had
no effect on the blood levels of melatonin or estradiol.@
–éŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜Ii‚U‚O‚g‚š@28.3ƒÊ‚sj‚Í@ŒŒ’†‚̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“AƒGƒXƒgƒ‰ƒfƒBƒI[ƒ‹‚̗ʂɕω»‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
In contrast, nocturnal melatonin levels were profoundly
suppressed, and the time of peak concentration was significantly delayed in
women exposed to LAN, regardless of whether they were in the follicular or
luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
‘ÎÛ“I‚ÉA–¾‚é‚¢Œõ‚ð—‚Ñ‚½ê‡‚Í–éŠÔ‚̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚Ì—Ê‚Í—}§‚³‚êAƒs[ƒN‚ƂȂ鎞ŠÔ‚à‘å‚«‚’x‚ꂽB@@
These changes, however, were not associated with alterations in point-for-point
matching measures of estradiol. @
Women who chronically secrete high or low amounts of melatonin each night
(area-under-curve range: 86-1,296 pg/mL) also did not
differ in their blood levels of estradiol. @
–«“I‚Ƀƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“•ª”å‚Ì—Ê‚ª‘½‚¢l‚Æ‚È‚¢l‚ÅŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½‚ªAŒŒ’†‚̃GƒXƒgƒ‰ƒfƒBƒI[ƒ‹‚Ì—Ê‚É‚Í·ˆÙ‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Taken together, these results are consistent with a growing body of evidence
which generally suggests that environmental EMF exposure has little or no
effect on the parameters measured in this report. @
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚çAŠÂ‹«’†‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÍA‰e‹¿‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB@
Environ Health Perspect 109:501-507 (2001). [Online 9 May 2001]@
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ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetic 2002; 23 (3): 245-248
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FOne week of exposure to 50Hz, vertical magnetic
field does not reduce urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion of male Wister
rats.
50Hz‚Ì‚’¼Ž¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì1TŠÔ‚Ì”˜˜I‚Í—Y‚ÌWistarƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”A’†‚Ì6-ƒXƒ‹ƒtƒ@ƒgƒLƒVƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“•ª”å‚ð’ጸ‚³‚¹‚È‚¢.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Bakos J, Nagy N, Thuroczy G, Szabo LD
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EMFƒ|[ƒ^ƒ‹‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚Å‚·B
ŒfÚŽ: Ann Epidemiol 2006; 16 (8): 622-631
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of 60-Hz magnetic field exposure on
nocturnal 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, estrogens, luteinizing hormone, and follicle
stimulating hormone in healthy reproductive-age women: results of a crossover
trial.
Œ’N‚ȶB‰Â”\”N—î‚Ì—«‚É‚¨‚¯‚é–éŠÔ‚Ì6-ƒXƒ‹ƒtƒ@ƒgƒLƒVƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“AƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“A‰©‘ÌŒ`¬ƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“A‹y‚Ñ—‘–EŽhŒƒƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“‚ɑ΂·‚é60HzŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚̉e‹¿FƒNƒƒXƒI[ƒo[ŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFDavis S, Mirick DK, Chen
C, Stanczyk FZ
Œ¤‹†–Ú“IG
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E”˜˜IðŒF60Hz ³Œ·”gŒð—¬Ž¥ŠEA”˜˜I—ÊFÅ’á0.5ƒÊT@Å‘å1ƒÊT
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ŒfÚŽ: Int J Occup Environ Med
2016; 7 (3): 193-194
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLong-term Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency
Electromagnetic Field and Melatonin Production by Blood Cells.
’´’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì’·Šú”˜˜I‚ÆŒŒ‰t×–E‚ł̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“¶¬
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Seifpanahi-Shabani H, Abbasi M,
Salehi I, Yousefpour Z, Zamani A
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‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊAŒŒ´‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘SŒŒ”|—{㴂ł̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚É”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é•Ï‰»‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½B
‚µ‚©‚µA‘SŒŒ‚ðRPMI”|’n‚Å”|—{‚µ‚½ê‡AŒŒ´‚É”ä‚×”|—{ã´’†‚̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ªA”˜˜IŒQ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘ÎÆŒQ‚Ì—¼•û‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä–ñ2.5”{‚‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
’˜ŽÒ‚ÍARPMI’†‚̃tƒBƒgƒwƒ}ƒOƒ‹ƒ`ƒjƒ“iPHAjŽhŒƒ‚É‚æ‚茌‰t×–E‚Ńƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‡¬‚ª¶‚¶‚½‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‹c˜_‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚R‚UDE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŽ©ŽE@
@@@@ì¬G‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚R|‚Q‚Q@@
ŒfÚŽFJournal of
Occupational and Environmental Medicine@Volume 45 o Number 1 o January 2003@
˜_•¶–¼FAn Exploratory
Investigation of Suicide and Occupational Exposure@@
@@E‹Æ“I‚È–\˜I‚ÆŽ©ŽE‚ÌŠÖŒW@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFEdwin van Wijngaarden, PhD@
ŠT—v@
This exploratory study evaluated the association between suicide and
occupational exposure electromagnetic fields, pesticides, and hydrocarbon
solvents.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍŽ©ŽE‚ÆE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜IAŽE’ŽÜA’Y‰»…‘f‚Ì—nÜ‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲂ׂ½B
The study population comprised 11,707 suicide deaths and
132,771 eligible controls identified from United States death certificate files
for the years 1991 and 1992.
1991-92”N‚̃AƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌŽ€–Sf’f‘‚ð—˜—p‚µA11707Œ‚ÌŽ©ŽEiÇ—áj‚Æ132771Œ‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ðŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B@
Exposure assignment was based on job title reported on
the death certificates.@
–\˜I‚ÍŽ€–Sf’f‘‚É‹LÚ‚³‚ꂽE‹Æ‚ð—p‚¢‚½BE‹Æ“I‚É“dŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚·‚é‚Æ‘z’肳‚ê‚éE‹Æ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚½l‚ðÇ—á‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Exposure to electromagnetic fields and pesticides was
weakly associated with suicide risk, while little evidence for an increased
risk was seen for hydrocarbon solvents.
E‹Æ“I‚É“dŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂƎE’ŽÜ‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éE‹Æ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚½l‚ÍAŽ©ŽE‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‚µã¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚µ‚©‚µA’Y‰»…‘f‚Ì—nÜ‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éE‹Æ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚½l‚ÌŽ©ŽE‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
The association for electromagnetic field exposure was highest
for suicide between the ages 20 and 35 (odds ratio; OR = 1.5), while the
highest risk of suicide for pesticide exposure was seen between the ages of 35
and 49 years (OR = 1.5).@
“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚鎩ŽE‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í20-35΂Ìl‚Å‚‚AƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.5(CI:1.2-1.9)A35-49΂Ìl‚Å‚ÍŽE’ŽÜ‚ªƒŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚‚AƒIƒbƒY”ä1.50(CI:1.3-1.8)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
Further investigation to replicate these findings seems
warranted, using higher quality occupational data.@
‚æ‚踖§‚ÈE‹Æ–\˜I󋵂ð”cˆ¬‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚ÌŒp‘±‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB@
ƒRƒƒ“ƒgF@
Ž€–Sf’f‘‚É‹LÚ‚³‚ꂽE‹Æ‚¾‚¯‚ÅA“dŽ¥ŠE‚â—nÜAŽE’ŽÜ‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ð„’肵‚Ä‚¨‚èAÚׂÈE‹Æ“I‚È–\˜I•]‰¿‚ª•K—v‚ÅA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚¾‚¯‚Å‚ÍŒ‹˜_‚Ío‚¹‚È‚¢B@
Œ´’˜‚ðŒ©‚ê‚ÎAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ð’nˆæ“I‚É•ª‚¯‚½‚¾‚¯‚ÅA“ì•”‚ɑ΂µ‚ļ•”‚ÉZ‚Þ‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚¾‚¯‚ÅŽ©ŽE‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚̓IƒbƒY”ä1.4(CI:1.2-1.3)‚Æ‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚æ‚è˜_•¶‚̃Rƒs[‚ð“üŽèB ‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚R|‚Q‚R@
ŒfÚŽFInternational Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 22,
9-15, 1993
˜_•¶–¼FCancer mortality and residence near electricity
transmission equipment: a retrospective cohort study
‚ˆ³‘—“dü‹ß–T‚ÉZ‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ÆŠàŽ€–S—¦‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÌŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFGH Schreiber, GM Swaen,
JM Meijers, JJ Slangen and
F Sturmans
Department of Epidemiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
ŠT—vF@
Several studies in recent years have raised the possibility that exposure to
extreme low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields may be hazardous to human
health, in particular by the promotion or initiation of leukemia and other
cancers.
Å‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ª”’ŒŒ•a‚â‚»‚Ì‘¼‚̃Kƒ“‚̃CƒjƒVƒG[ƒ^‚âƒvƒƒ‚[ƒ^‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“‚«Al‚ÌŒ’N‚ÉŠQ‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ªŒ¾‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
To determine if this exposure creates a long-term hazard to the public, the
mortality of a group of people identified as having lived in an urban quarter
of Maastricht in which two 150 kilo-Volt (kV) power lines and one transformer
substation are located was investigated.
ŒöO‚ÌŒ’N‚Ö‚Ì’·Šú“I‚ÈáŠQ‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚𒲂ׂ邽‚ß‚ÉAƒIƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_‚̃}[ƒXƒgƒŠƒbƒqxŠO‚ÅA“ñ‚‚̂P‚T‚O‚‹‚u‘—“dü‚Æ•Ï“dŠ‚Ì‚ ‚é’nˆæ‚ÉZ‚Þl‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
Using the Dutch population registry it was possible to identify retrospectively
3549 inhabitants of the quarter who lived there for at least 5 years between
1956 and 1981.
Z–¯“o˜^‚©‚çA1956-1981”N‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚È‚‚Æ‚à5”NŠÔZ‚ñ‚¾lA3549–¼‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
Of these 1552 study subjects lived within 100 m of the electricity transmission
equipment and were exposed to magnetic field intensity of 1.0-11.0 milli-Gauss.
1552–¼‚ÍA‘—“dÝ”õ‚©‚ç‚P‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚ÄA‚P|‚P‚Oƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ð—‚Ñ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
The overall standardized mortality ratio and cancer mortality ratios were
either not or only slightly elevated.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é‘S‘Ì‚Ì•W€‰»Ž€–S—¦”ä‚ƃKƒ“Ž€–S—¦”ä‚̉e‹¿‚ÍA‚Æ‚à‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚È‚¢A‚©A‚à‚µ‚‚͎኱‚Ì‘‰Á‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The study does not support previously reported associations of exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with leukemia, brain cancer and breast cancer.
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅŒ¾‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éu’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ª”’ŒŒ•aA”]Žîᇂâ“û‚ª‚ñ‚ð‘”‚³‚¹‚év‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢B
‚R‚WDFinland‘ål‚̃Kƒ“’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŠÖŒW1996”N@
ì¬G‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚R|‚Q‚T@
ŒfÚŽFBMJ 1996;313:1047-1051 (26 October)
˜_•¶–¼FMagnetic fields of high voltage power lines and risk of cancer in Finnish adults:
nationwide cohort study
ƒtƒBƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‘S“y‚É‚¨‚¯‚邈³‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Æ‘ål‚̃Kƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFPia K Verkasalo, researcher, Eero Pukkala, researcher
Jaakko Kaprio, senior research fellow, Kauko V Heikkila, systems analyst, Markku
Koskenvuo, professor
Abstract @
Objective: To investigate the risk of cancer in association with
magnetic fields in Finnish
adults living close to high voltage power lines.
–Ú“IGƒtƒBƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß–T‚ÌZ‚Þ‘ål‚ªAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚éƒKƒ“ƒŠƒXƒN‚𒲸‚·‚éB
Design: Nationwide cohort study.@•ûŽ®F‘S‘‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†
Subjects: 383 700 people who lived during 1970-89 within 500 meters
of overhead power lines of 110-400 kV in a magnetic field calculated to be
>/=0.01 µT. Study subjects were identified by record linkages of
nationwide registers.
Œ¤‹†‘ÎÛF110-400‚‹‚u‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì‚T‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚ÉA1970|1989”N‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚ÄA„’莥ŠE–\˜I—Ê‚ª0.01ƒÊ‚sˆÈã‚Å‚ ‚é387700–¼‚ÅAZ–¯“o˜^‚©‚甲‚«o‚µ‚½B
Main outcome measures: Numbers of observed and expected cases of
cancer, standardized incidence ratios, and incidence rate ratios
adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and social class--for example,
by continuous cumulative exposure per 1 µT year--with 95% confidence
intervals from multiplicative models for all cancers combined and 21
selected types.
Žå‚ÈŽw•WF•W€‰»œëŠ³—¦A«E”N—î‚È‚Ç‚Å’²®‚µ‚½œëŠ³—¦”äA—ÝÏ–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚È‚Ç‚ÅA21Ží‚̃Kƒ“‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĉðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Results: Altogether 8415 cases of cancer were observed (standardized
incidence ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.00) in
adults. All incidence rate ratios for both sexes combined were
non-significant and between 0.91 and 1.11.
8415Œ‚Ì‘S‚ª‚ñ‚ª‚ ‚èAˆê”ʂ̜늳—¦‚É”äŠr‚µ‚½‘—“dü‹ß–T‚ÉZ‚Þl‚Ì•W€‰»œëŠ³—¦‚Í0.98‚Å‚ ‚éB‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚̃Kƒ“‚Å‚Ý‚½‚Æ‚«‚̜늳—¦”ä‚ÍA’j—‚ð‡ŽZ‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA0.91‚©‚ç1.11‚Å‚ ‚èA—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
Significant excesses were observed in multiple myeloma in men
(incidence rate ratio 1.22) and in colon cancer in women (1.16).
—LˆÓ‚ȃŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÍA’j«‚É‚¨‚¯‚霑זEŽî‚ÅAœëŠ³—¦”ä1.22A—«‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠÌ‘Ÿ‚ªƒ“iœëŠ³—¦”ä1.16j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Conclusions: Typical residential magnetic fields generated by
high voltage power lines do not seem to be related to the risk of
overall cancer in adults. The previously suggested associations between
extremely low frequency magnetic fields and tumors of the nervous system, lymphoma, and
leukemia in adults and breast cancer in women were not confirmed.
Œ‹˜_G‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß–T‚ÉZ‚ÝŽ¥ŠE‚É–\˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‘ål‚ÌZ–¯‚ÉAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍA‘S”Ê“I‚ÉŒ©‚ê‚ÎA‚È‚¢B’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é”]Žîá‡AƒŠƒ“ƒpŽîA”’ŒŒ•aA—«‚Ì“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰ß‹Ž‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðA–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Œ´’˜‚É‚ ‚éƒf[ƒ^‚̈ꕔ
‚PD—ÝÏ–\˜I—Ê‚Ì•p“x@
Cumulative exposure (µT years)@@@•p“x@lE”NiŠ„‡“j@
0.20ˆÈ‰º
@ 2 040 700 @(80.2)
0.20-0.39
222 800@@(8.8)@
0.40-0.99
170
200 (6.7)
1.00-1.99
61 700 (2.4)
2.00ˆÈã
@
47 800@
(1.9)
‚QDƒKƒ“‚̃ŠƒXƒN@@Še—“‚ÉAÇ—á”A•W€‰»œëŠ³—¦”ä@M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚ðŽ¦‚·
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I ƒÊTE”N |
‘S‚ª‚ñ |
”]Žîᇠ|
”’ŒŒ•a |
|
‘SÇ—á”n=8415 |
‘SÇ—á”n = 301 |
‘SÇ—á”n = 203 |
0.20ˆÈ‰º |
6393;0.98(0.96-1.01) |
238;0.94(0.82-1.06) |
156;0.96(0.82-1.13) |
0.20|0.39 |
877;0.98(0.91-1.04) |
35;1.10(0.77-1.53) |
23;1.06(0.68-1.60) |
0.40|0.99 |
695;0.97(0.90-1.04) |
16;0.64(0.37-1.04) |
15;0.87(0.49-1.43) |
1.00|1.99 |
230;0.89(0.78-1.01) |
5;0.55(0.18-1.28) |
5;0.81(0.26-1.88) |
2.00ˆÈã |
220;0.92(0.81-1.05) |
7;0.92(0.37-1.89) |
4;0.71(0.19-1.81) |
•MŽÒ‚Ì’F
—ÝÏŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅA•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE–\˜I—Ê‚ª•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚éB
’²¸‘ÎÛŠúŠÔ‚ª’·‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA“¯ˆêꊂÉÅ’á‚T”NZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚é‚Æ‚·‚ê‚ÎAÅãˆÊ‚Ì‚–\˜IŒQ‚Å‚ ‚é2ƒÊTE”N‚ÌꇂÍA0.‚SƒÊT‚ª•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Å‚ ‚é‚Ɖ¼’è‚·‚ê‚ÎB‘¼‚̉uŠw’²¸‚Æ—ªˆê’v‚·‚éƒJƒbƒgƒ|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚Æ‚È‚éB
‚R‚XDAhlbom‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™‚ªƒ“‚̃v[ƒ‹•ªÍ
u0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈã‚Ì’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚ŬŽ™‚ªƒ“‚̃ŠƒXƒN2”{v‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ³‚É‚È‚Á‚½˜_•¶‚Å‚·B
ŠT—v‚ɉ¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚S@
ŒfÚŽFBritish Journal of Cancer. September 2000, Volume
83, Number 5, Pages 692-698
˜_•¶–¼GA pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood
leukemia
@@@@Ž¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™‚ªƒ“‚̃v[ƒ‹•ªÍ@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFA Ahlbom, N Day, M Feychting, E Roman, J Skinner, J Dockerty,
M Linet, M McBride, J Michaelis, J H Olsen, T Tynes
and P K Verkasalo
AbstractFŠT—v
Previous studies have suggested an association between exposure to 5060 Hz magnetic fields (EMF) and childhood leukemia.
‰ß‹Ž‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA‚T‚OE‚U‚O‚g‚šŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í’ñ‹N‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B
We conducted a pooled analysis based on individual records from nine studies,
including the most recent ones.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAÅ‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å9Œ‚ÌŒÂX‚És‚í‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½Œ¤‹†‚ðAˆêŠ‡‚µ‚ăv[ƒ‹‰ðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Studies with 24/48-hour magnetic field measurements or calculated magnetic
fields were included.
24E‚S8ŽžŠÔŽ¥ŠE‘ª’è‚ðs‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†AŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ðŒvŽZ‚Å„’肵‚½Œ¤‹†‚È‚Ç‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éB
We specified which data analyses we planned to do and how to do them before we
commenced the work.
Œ¤‹†‚Ì’…Žè‚Éæ—§‚Á‚ÄA‚ǂ̃f[ƒ^‚ðA‚ǂ̂悤‚ɉðÍ‚·‚é‚©‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
The use of individual records allowed us to use the same exposure definitions,
and the large numbers of subjects enabled more precise estimation of risks at
high exposure levels.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚ª“¯‚¶ó‘Ô‚Å‚ ‚éŒÂX‚És‚í‚ꂽŒ¤‹†ƒf[ƒ^‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚ÄA‘½‚‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ‚µ‚ćŽZ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çA‚”˜˜IŒQ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚æ‚茵–§‚È•]‰¿‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½B
For the 3203 children with leukemia and 10 338 control children with estimated
residential magnetic field exposures levels < 0.4 T, we observed risk estimates near the
no effect level, while for the 44 children with leukemia and 62 control
children with estimated residential magnetic field exposures 0.4
T the estimated summary relative risk was 2.00 (1.273.13), P value = 0.002).
3203‚̬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ10338‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚©‚çAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Å„’è’l0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈ‰º‚Ì–\˜I‚ł̓ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢B„’è’l0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜IŒQ‚ÍA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌǗႪ44Œ‚ ‚èA‘ÎÆŒQ‚Í62Œ‚Å‚ ‚èA‘Š‘΃ŠƒXƒN‚Í2.00iM—Š‹æŠÔF1.27-3.13j‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
Adjustment for potential confounding variables did not appreciably change the
results.
Œð—ˆöŽq‚̉e‹¿‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
For North American subjects whose residences were in the highest wire code
category, the estimated summary relative risk was 1.24 (0.82-1.87). Thus, we
found no evidence in the combined data for the existence of the so-called
wire-code paradox.
–k•Ä‚Ås‚í‚ꂽŒ¤‹†‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É,ƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚ʼnðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B‚à‚Á‚Æ‚à‚”˜˜I‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éŒQ‚Å‚Ì‘Š‘΃ŠƒXƒN‚Í1.24(M—Š‹æŠÔ0.82-1.87)‚Å‚ ‚è,ƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
In summary, the 99.2% of children residing in homes with exposure levels <
0.4 T had estimates compatible with
no increased risk, while the 0.8% of children with exposures 0.4
T had a relative risk estimate of approximately 2, which is unlikely to
be due to random variability.
‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚é‚ÆA99.2“‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÍZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Å0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈ‰º‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Å‚ ‚èAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½Bˆê•ûA0.8“‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Í0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ðŽó‚¯AƒŠƒXƒN‚ª2‚Æ‚È‚èA‹ô‘R‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Í‚¢‚¦‚È‚¢Œ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
The explanation for the elevated risk is unknown, but selection bias may have
accounted for some of the increase. @
‰½‚ª‚±‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©‚Í’è‚©‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢BƒŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ªu‘I‘ðƒoƒCƒAƒXv‚̉”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
‚S‚OD@Ž¥ŠE‚Æ‘ål‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN@
@ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚P‚O@
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 128, Issue 1
10-20,1988
˜_•¶–¼FAcute
nonlymphocytic leukemia and residential exposure to power frequency magnetic
fields@
ZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Ì“d—ÍŽü”g”Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‹}«”ñƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFRK Severson, RG Stevens, WT Kaune,
DB Thomas, L Heuser, S Davis and LE Sever
Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu 96817.
ŠT—vF
Recent research has suggested that non-ionizing radiation in the form of power-frequency
magnetic fields may play some role in carcinogenesis in general and in
acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in particular.
Å‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚ê‚Δñ“d—£•úŽËü‚ÍA“Á‚É‘SE‹}«”ñƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA‚ ‚éŽí‚Ì”ƒKƒ“Œ´«‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Much of the epidemiologic evidence is preliminary in nature and the
methods of previous studies have been criticized.
‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‘½‚‚̉uŠwŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Í—\”õ“I‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚èA”á”»‚³‚ê‚Ä‚à‚¢‚éB
In order to further evaluate this hypothesis, a population-based
case-control study of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and
residential exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields was carried
out in western Washington state.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚̉¼à‚ðŒŸØ‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA¬l‚Ì‹}«”ñƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“d—ÍŽü”g”Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðAƒƒVƒ“ƒgƒ“B¼•”‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA’²¸‚µ‚½B
Analyses were based on 114 cases who were newly diagnosed from 1981
to 1984 and identified from a population-based cancer registry, and
133 controls who were chosen from the study area by random digit
dialing.
1981”N‚©‚ç1984”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ÄV‚½‚É‚ª‚ñ‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ114‚ÌÇ—á‚ð‘SlŒû‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½‚ª‚ñ“o˜^‚©‚甲‚«o‚µ‚½B‚»‚µ‚ă‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€ƒ_ƒCƒ„ƒ‹‚Å133‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
Magnetic field exposure was estimated from external electrical
wiring configurations within 140 ft (42.7 m) of each subject's
residence.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÍŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛŽÒ‚ÌZ‹‚Ì‚S‚QD‚V‚ˆÈ“à‚É‚ ‚é‘—“düE”z“dü‚Ì󋵂©‚ç”»’肵‚½B
In addition, magnetic fields were measured inside the subject's
residence at the time of interview.
‰Á‚¦‚ÄAŒ¤‹†‘Îێ҂Ƃ̃Cƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚Ì‚Æ‚«‚ÉA‰Æ‚Ì’†‚ÅŽ¥ŠE‚𑪒肵‚½B
Neither the directly measured magnetic fields nor the surrogate
values based on the wiring configurations were associated with acute
nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Ž¥ŠE‚ÌŽÀ‘ª’l‚ʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‘—“düE”z“dü‚©‚焒肵‚½Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ʼnðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚S‚PDŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]ŽîᇃŠƒXƒN@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚P‚P
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 143, Issue 2
105-119, 1996
˜_•¶–¼FLos Angeles study of residential magnetic fields
and childhood brain tumors
ZŠÂ‹«‰º‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]ŽîᇂƂ̊֌W‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚郃XƒAƒ“ƒWƒFƒ‹ƒX’n‹æ‚ÌŒ¤‹†
@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFS
Preston-Martin, W Navidi, D Thomas, PJ Lee, J Bowman and J Pogoda
Department of Preventive Medicine,
University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-9987,
USA.
ŠT—vF
A measurement study of residential magnetic fields and brain tumors in children
that was added onto an ongoing case-control interview study in Los Angeles
County, California, include 298 children under age 20 years with a primary
brain tumor diagnosed from 1984 to 1991 and 298 control children identified
by random digit dialing.
Œ»Ýis’†‚̃ƒXƒAƒ“ƒWƒFƒ‹ƒX’n‹æ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚̈êŠÂ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE‚ÌŽÀ‘ª’l‚É‚æ‚é–\˜I•]‰¿‚ðs‚¢AŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½B1984-1991”N‚ÌŠÔ‚É20Έȉº‚Å”]Žîá‡i‘¼‚Ì•”ˆÊ‚Ì‚ª‚ñ‚©‚ç‚Ì“]ˆÚ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢j‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ298‚ÌÇ—á‚ÆAƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€ƒ_ƒCƒ„ƒ‹‚Å‘I‘ð‚µ‚½298‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ÆŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Magnetic fields were determined for all Los Angeles homes where
these 596 children lived from conception to diagnosis (1,131 homes)
by mapping and coding the wiring configurations outside the home and
by taking a series of exterior spot and profile measurements.
”DP‚©‚炪‚ñ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚é‚Ü‚Å‚É596–¼‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ªZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½ƒƒXƒAƒ“ƒWƒFƒ‹ƒX’n‹æ‚ÌZ‘îA‡Œv‚P,‚P‚R‚PŒ¬‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É,ƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Ìó‹µ”cˆ¬‚ÆA‰Æ‚ÌŽüˆÍ‚ł̃Xƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è‚Æ‹óŠÔ•ª•z‚Ì’²¸‚ÅAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
In addition, for a subset of subjects (35%; 211 homes) 24-hour
measurements were taken in the child's room and one other room.
‰Á‚¦‚ÄAŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Ì‚R‚T“A211–¼‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ•”‰®‚Æ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‚à‚¤‚ЂƂ‚̕”‰®‚Å‚Ì24ŽžŠÔ˜A‘±Ž¥ŠE‘ª’è‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Although measured fields are consistently highest in the highest of the five
wire code categories, fields in homes in this category are much lower in
Los Angeles than in Denver, where the code originated.
Ž¥ŠE‹“x‚ÍAƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚ÅÅ‚à‚‚¢‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Å‚ÍAŽÀ‘ª’l‚ªÅ‚à‚‚¢”Žš‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A‚±‚Ì‹“x‚̓fƒ“ƒo[iƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Å‚Ì•]‰¿‚ð’ñ¥‚µ‚½Å‰‚ÌŒ¤‹†j‚Å‚Ì’l‚É”ä‚ׂé‚Æ’á‚©‚Á‚½B
Brain tumor risk appears not to relate to measured fields inside (p
for trend for child's room = 0.98) or outside (p for trend for front
wall = 0.82) the home.
”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÍŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‚ʼnðÍ‚·‚é‚ÆA‰®“à‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Å‚Í‚OD‚X‚WA‰®ŠO‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Å‚Í‚OD‚X‚W‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
An apparent increase in risk among children living at diagnosis in
homes with underground wiring appears to be an artifact introduced
by using current controls for historical cases because this apparent
excess risk disappeared in an analysis restricted to the later years
of the study when cases and controls were accrued concurrently.
ƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Åu’n’†”züviŽO‰Y’FƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚Å‚ÍÅ‚àŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ª’á‚¢‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[j‚ÅA”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªA‚±‚ê‚Í‘¼‚Ì—vˆö‚É‚æ‚錋‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚낤B‚È‚º‚È‚ç‚ÎA‚»‚ÌŒã‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚Å‚Í‚±‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍÁ‚¦‹Ž‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚éB
Our study does not show an overall association of pediatrici¬Ž™‚Ìjbrain tumors with measured fields, with "very high"
wiring configurations, or with any of several other potential sources of
exposure, such as use of various electrical appliances, but the prevalence
of high fields (> 2mG) and very high fields (> 3mG) in Los
Angeles homes was too low to detect a moderate effect of the magnitude reported
in other studies.
¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‹“x‚Æ‚àAƒƒCƒ„EƒR[ƒh‚ÅuHighv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Æ‚àA“¯‚¶‚uVery@Highv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Æ‚àA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚̉”\«‚Ì‚ ‚鎥ŠE–\˜Ii—áAFX‚È“d‹C‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pj‚È‚Ç‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”]Žîᇂ̊֘A‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½B‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŒŸo‚·‚é‚É‚ÍAƒƒXƒAƒ“ƒWƒFƒ‹ƒX’n‹æ‚Å‚Í‚Qm‚f‚ð’´‚¦‚½‚èA‚Rm‚f‚ð’´‚¦‚½‚è‚·‚éŠÂ‹«‚É‚·‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚él‚ÌŠ„‡‚ª‚©‚È‚è’á‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚P‚W@
‚±‚Ì€‚ð‘å•‚ÉC³E‰Á•M‚µ‚½F‚Q‚O‚O‚X|‚Q|‚S@@
16ƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒXˆÈã‚ÉŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Å”DPˆÙí‚Æ‚¢‚¤î•ñ‚ª‚µ‚΂µ‚Γoꂵ‚Ü‚·B
ˆÈ‰º‚Í‚»‚ÌŒ³‚É‚È‚Á‚½ƒlƒ^‚Å‚Å‚·B
1jŒ´“T@ŠT—v‚ð‰¼–ó‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
ŒfÚŽFPIDEMIOLOGY 2002@13:9-20
˜_•¶–¼FA Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study of
Personal Exposure to Magnetic Fields during Pregnancy and the Risk of
Miscarriage
”DP’†‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌŒÂl–\˜I‚Æ—¬ŽY‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘OŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFDe-Kun Li; Roxana Odouli; Soora Wi; Teresa Janevic; Ira Golditch; T. Dan
Bracken; Russell Senior; Richard Rankin; Richard Iriye
ŠT—vF
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ª—¬ŽY‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é‚©‚𒲸‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA‘å‚«‚ÈŒ’N•ÛŒ¯‘gD‚Ì‘®‚·‚é—«‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA‘OŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
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Pregnancy testiˆÓ–¡Hj‚Ì—«‚É‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Ö‚ÌŽQ‰Á‚ðŒÄ‚Ñ‚©‚¯‚½B
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ŒfÚŽFEPIDEMIOLOGY 2002;13:21-31
˜_•¶–¼FA Nested Case-Control Study of Residential and
Personal Magnetic Field Measures and Miscarriages
ZŠÂ‹«‚¨‚æ‚ÑŒÂl‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Æ—¬ŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFGeraldine M. Lee; Raymond R. Neutra; Lilia Hristova; Michael Yost; Robert A. Hiatt
From the Environmental Health Investigations Branch California
Department of Health Services, Oakland, CA;
ŠT—vF
We conducted a nested case-control study (177 cases, 550 controls) to assess
the relation between retrospective magnetic field measures and clinical
miscarriage among members of the northern California Kaiser Permanente medical
care system.
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We also conducted a prospective sub study of 219 participants of the same
parent cohort to determine whether 12-week and 30-week exposure assessments
were similar.
‚³‚ç‚ÉA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛW’c‚©‚çA219–¼‚Ì‹¦—͎҂𓾂ÄA‘OŒü‚«‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B12TŠÔ‚Æ30TŠÔ‚Ì–\˜I•]‰¿Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚Ç‚¤‚È‚é‚©‚ðŒ¤‹†‚µ‚½B
We evaluated wire codes, area measures, and three personal meter metrics: (1)
the average difference between consecutive levels (a rate-of-change metric),
(2) the maximum level, and (3) the time-weighted average.
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For wire codes and area measures we found little association.
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For the personal metrics (30 weeks after last menstrual period), we found
positive associations.
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Each exposure was divided into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as referent.
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Starting with the highest quartile, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence
intervals were 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6-6.0), 2.3 (95% CI = 1.2-4.4), and 1.5 (95% CI
= 0.8-3.1) for the rate-of-change metric; 2.3 (95% CI = 1.2-4.4), 1.9 (95% CI =
1.0-3.5), and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7-2.8) for the maximum value; and 2.3 (95% CI =
1.2-4.4), 1.9 (95% CI = 1.0-3.5), and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7-2.8)for the
time-weighted average.
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1.5 (CIF 0.8-3.1)
Å‘å’l‚Å‚ÍA2.3 (CIF1.2-4.4)A 1.9 (CIF1.0-3.5)A
1.4 (CIF0.7-2.8)
ŽžŠÔ‚Åd‚Ý•t‚¯‚µ‚½•½‹Ï’l‚Å‚Í2.3 (CIF1.2-4.4)A 1.9 (CI:1.0-3.5)A 1.4 (CI: 0.7-2.8)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚É‚ ‚éB@
The odds ratio conveyed by being above a 24-hour time-weighted average of 2
milligauss was 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5-2.1).
24ŽžŠÔ‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚Éd‚Ý•t‚¯‚µ‚½•½‹Ï–\˜I‚Å‚Qƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.0iCI:0.5-2.1j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Exposure assessment measurements at 12 weeks were poorly correlated with those taken at
30 weeks.
12TŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚ÆA30TŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚Å‚Í‘ŠŠÖ‚ª‚Æ‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Nonetheless, the prospective sub study results regarding miscarriage risk were
consistent with the nested study results.
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–EMF Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ@@ˆê•”C³‰Á•M‚µ‚ÄЉî
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Epidemiology 2002; 13 (1): 21-31
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FA nested
case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and
miscarriages.
Z‹‚ÆŒÂlŽ¥ŠEŒv‘ª‚Æ—¬ŽY‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒRƒz[ƒg“àÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M,
Hiatt RA
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Å‚‚S•ªˆÊ‚©‚çŽn‚ß‚ÄA’²®‚³‚ꂽƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Æ95“M—Š‹æŠÔ(CI)‚͈ȉº‚Ì’Ê‚èA
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ŒfÚŽFEPIDEMIOLOGY 2002;13:45-49
˜_•¶–¼FChildhood Leukemia and Magnetic Fields in Infant
Incubators
•ÛˆçŠí‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFKarin C. Söderberg;
Estelle Naumburg,; Gert Anger; Sven Cnattingius; Anders Ekbom; Maria Feychting@
FromFthe 1Institute of Environmental Medicine Sweden.@
ŠT—vF@
In studies of magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia, power
lines and other electrical installations close to the children´s homes constitute the most extensively studied source of exposure.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA‹ßÝ‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚â‘—“dÝ”õ‚ðŽ¥ŠE–\˜IŒ¹‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚«‚½B
We conducted a study to assess whether exposure to magnetic fields in infant
incubators is associated with an increased leukemia risk. @
¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚Í—cŽ™‚Ì•ÛˆçŠí‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ª¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚©‚𒲸‚µ‚½B@
We identified all children with leukemia born in Sweden between 1973 and 1989
from the national Cancer Registry and selected at random one control per case,
individually matched by sex and time of birth, from the study base.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‚ª‚ñ“o˜^‚©‚ç1973”N‚©‚ç1989”N‚ɬŽ™‚ªƒ“‚É‚È‚Á‚½Žq‹Ÿ‚ð’Šo‚µA«•Ê‚Æ”N—î‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½‘ÎÆŒQ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
We retrieved information about treatment in infant incubators from medical
records.
•a‰@‚Ì‹L˜^‚©‚çV¶Ž™•ÛˆçŠí‚Å‚Ì•Ûˆç󋵂Ìî•ñ‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
We made measurements of the magnetic fields inside the incubators for each
incubator model kept by the hospitals.
•a‰@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½•ÛˆçŠí‚Ì“à•”‚ÌŽ¥ŠE•ª•z󋵂𒲸‚µ‚½B
Exposure assessment was based on measurements of the magnetic field level
inside the incubator, as well as on the length of treatment.
–\˜I•]‰¿‚ÍA•ÛˆçŠí“à•”‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚ÆA•ÛˆçŠúŠÔ‚Ì’·‚³‚Å‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B
For acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the risk estimates were close to unity for
all exposure definitions.
‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‘S‚Ä‚Ì–\˜I•]‰¿‚ɑ΂µ‚ăŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
For acute myeloid leukemia, we found a slightly elevated risk, but with wide
confidence intervals and with no indication of dose response.
‹}«œ‘«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚µƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªAM—Š«‹æŠÔ‚ÍL‚A‚Ü‚½—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Overall, our results give little evidence that exposure to magnetic fields
inside infant incubators is associated with an increased risk of childhood
leukemia.
‘S”Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAV¶Ž™•ÛˆçŠí‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ª¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠmØ‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
–‚d‚l‚e@‚o‚‚’‚”‚‚Œ‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ
–––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Epidemiology 2002; 13 (1): 45-49
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FChildhood leukemia and magnetic fields in infant
incubators.
¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ•ÛˆçŠí’†‚ÌŽ¥ŠE
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Söderberg KC, Naumburg E, Anger G, Cnattingius
S, Ekbom A, Feychting M
Ž¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì‹Z‹ß‚‚Ì‘—“dü‚â“d‹C‹@Ší‚ª”˜˜IŒ¹‚Æ‚µ‚Äs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
•ÛˆçŠí‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚ª¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÆŠÖŒW‚·‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
1973-1989”N‚ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ŷ‚܂ꂽ”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ðƒKƒ““o˜^Š‚©‚ç“Á’肵AÇ—á“–‚½‚è1–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð–³ìˆ×“I‚É‘I‚ÑA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚Í«•Ê‚Æ’a¶Žž‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`ƒ“ƒO‚³‚¹‚½B
‚Ü‚½Af’f‘‚©‚ç•ÛˆçŠí“à‚ÌŽ¡—ÂɊւ·‚éî•ñ‚ðŽæ“¾‚µ‚½B
•a‰@“à‚Ì•ÛˆçŠí‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚𑪒肵‚½B
”˜˜I‚Ì•]‰¿‚ÍA•ÛˆçŠí“à‚ÌŽ¥ŠEƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÆŽ¡—ÊúŠÔ‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp‹…”’ŒŒ•a‚Ìê‡A‘S”˜˜IðŒ‚ŃŠƒXƒN‚Í1‚É‹ß‚©‚Á‚½B
œ‘”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅAƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‹Í‚©‚É‚‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚½‚ªAM—Š‹æŠÔ‚Ì•‚ª‘å‚«‚A—Ê”½‰žŠÖŒW‚à‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‘‡“I‚É‚Ý‚ÄA•ÛˆçŠí“à‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÆŠÖŒW‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éØ‹’‚Í‚µ‚à‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚O|‚V|‚Q‚S
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFEpidemiology. 13(1):50-58, January 2002.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEvaluation of Potential Confounders in Planning a
Study of Occupational Magnetic Field Exposure and Female Breast Cancer. @
E‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ—«“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œv‰æ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒð—ˆöŽq‚ÌŒŸ“¢
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFMichael Goodman; Michael Kelsh;
Kristie Ebi; Jacqueline Iannuzzi;
Bryan Langholz
Abstract: ŠT—v
We examined potential confounding factors that, if unaccounted for, could
possibly produce a spurious association in a study of breast cancer among women
occupationally exposed to magnetic fields.
—«‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚à‚µŒ´ˆö•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‹U‚è‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚éŒð—ˆöŽq‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
For each risk factor, we estimated strength of association, prevalence in the
general population, and prevalence of the risk factor in the exposed group
required to explain completely hypothetical odds ratios between occupational
exposure to magnetic fields and breast cancer.
‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚̃ŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŠÖ˜A«‚Ì‹‚³Aˆê”ÊŒöO‚Å‚Ì•‹y“xA“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÆE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚̃IƒbƒY”䊮àø‚ɉ¼à“I‚Éà–¾‚·‚邽‚ß‚É•K—v‚ȃŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚Ì•‹y“x‚ð„’肵‚½B
We performed similar analyses for two, three, four, and five confounding
factors acting simultaneously.
‚Ü‚½A“¯Žž‚É‹N‚±‚é2E3E4E5‚‚̌ð—ˆöŽq‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚à“¯—l‚ȉðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Factors numerically capable of substantial confounding included obesity
continent of birth, family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative,
densities on the mammogram, benign proliferative breast disease, history of
cancer in one breast, and consumption of at least two alcoholic drinks per day.
Œð—ˆöŽq‚Í”’l‚Å•\‹L‚³‚ê‚éd—v‚ÈŒð—ˆöŽq‚Å‚ ‚èAŽŸ‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éA”ì–žA¶’a’nAŒ´”«“û‚ª‚ñŠÖ‚·‚é‚ɉƑ°—ðA“û–[XüŽB‰e‘œ‚Ì”Z“xA—Ç«‚Ì‘B«“û‚ª‚ñ•aA“û‚ª‚ñ‚Ì—š—ðA1“ú“–‚½‚è‚È‚‚Æ‚à‚Q”t‚̃Aƒ‹ƒR[ƒ‹‚ðˆù‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚é‚©B
Nevertheless, only continent of birth, history of cancer, obesity, and
consumption of alcohol could potentially be related to occupation.
‚»‚ê‚É‚àŠÖ‚í‚炸A¶’a’nEƒKƒ“‚Ì•a—ðE”ì–žEƒAƒ‹ƒR[ƒ‹‚ÌÛŽæ‚Ì‚Ý‚ªAE‹Æ‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Uncontrolled confounders, either alone or in combination, could possibly
account for odds ratios in the 1.2-1.3 range but were very unlikely to produce
an odds ratio of more than 1.5.
ŒÂ•Ê‚Å‚ ‚낤‚Æ‘g‚݇‚킹‚Å‚ ‚낤‚ƧŒä‚Å‚«‚È‚¢Œð—ˆöŽq‚̓IƒbƒY”ä‚ð1.2‚©‚ç1.3‚͈̔͂ÅAň«‚ÌꇂÍ1.5‚ÉŽ‚¿ã‚°‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
A spurious negative association between magnetic fields and breast cancer could
occur if the exposed group included a large number of immigrants from Asia and
Africa.
”˜˜IŒQ‚ɃAƒWƒA‚âƒAƒtƒŠƒJ‚©‚ç‚̈ږ¯‚ª‘½‚‚È‚ê‚ÎAŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚Ì‹U‰A«‚É‚È‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i’F‚±‚̘_•¶‚Í“ï‰ð‚Å‚ ‚éB
ˆê”Ê“I‚ȉuŠw’²¸‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAŒð—ˆöŽq‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚È‚¢‚É‚àŠÖ‚í‚炸AƒIƒbƒY”䂪‚PD‚Q|‚PD‚R‚ÉAň«‚ÌꇂPD‚T‚ɂȂ邱‚Æ‚ð‚±‚Ì˜_•¶‚͈Ӗ¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚»‚¤‚È‚ê‚ÎAƒIƒbƒY”䂪‚PD‚T‚æ‚謂³‚¢’ö“x‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚½‰uŠw’²¸‚Ìê‡AŒð—ˆöŽq‚É‚æ‚é‰Â”\«‚ª”Û’è‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‚Ü‚ÜŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‰L“Û‚Ý‚É‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ɑ΂µ‚ĉ¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R]‚V|‚Q‚O@
]—ˆ‚ÍŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ªŒ’N‚Ɉ«‚¢‰e‹¿‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰uŠw’²¸‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í‹t‚ÅAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ª”]Žîᇂ̔¶‚ð’x‚点‚éŒø‰Ê‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ì•ñ‚̓}ƒCƒNƒƒEƒG[ƒuƒjƒ…[ƒX‚É‚àŒfÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
˜_•¶–¼FElevated Residential Exposure to Power Frequency
Magnetic Field Associated With Greater Average Age at Diagnosis for Patients
with Brain Tumors@
ZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“d—ÍŽü”g”Ž¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ª”]Žîᇊ³ŽÒ‚Ì•½‹Ïf’fŽž”N—î‚ðL‚΂µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFChung-Yi Li et al: ‘ä˜p‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ
ŒfÚŽGBio Electromagnetics 24:218-221, 2003.
To explore whether the age at cancer diagnosis was associated with residential
exposure to magnetic field, we compared average ages at diagnosis for cases of
leukemia, brain tumor, or female breast cancer with elevated exposure (magnetic
flux density > 0.2 uT, or residential distance
from major power lines < 100 m) to average ages at diagnosis for cancer
cases with same diagnoses but with a background exposure (< 0.2 uT or > 100 m from major power lines).
Šà‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ”N—ZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ÉŠÖŒW‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©’²¸‚ðs‚Á‚½B‘ÎÛ‚Í”’ŒŒ•aA”]Žîá‡A—«“û‚ª‚ñ‚Å‚ ‚éB0.2ƒÊTˆÈã‚Ì‚”˜˜I‚à‚µ‚‚ÍŽå—v‚È‘—“dü‚Ì‚P‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚él‚ªŠà‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ”N—î‚Ì•½‹Ï’l‚ÆA0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰º‚Ì”wŒi”˜˜I‚à‚µ‚‚Í‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚P‚O‚O‚ˆÈã—£‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂƂð”äŠr‚µ‚½B
Comparing with brain tumor cases with background magnetic field exposure (n =
506), brain tumor cases with elevated exposure (n = 71) were 6 years older on
average at diagnosis (P = 0.01).
”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE‚Ì‚”˜˜Ii0.2ƒÊTˆÈãj‚ÌÇ—á‚Í71–¼A”wŒi”˜˜Ii0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰ºjŒQ‚Å‚Í506–¼‚ð”äŠr‚µA‚”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚Í6ΔN—‚‚©‚Á‚½B“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The difference was greater for males (45.2 vs. 52.‚P
years, P = 0.01) than for females (44.3 vs. 48.2 years, P = 0.27).
‚±‚Ì·‚ÍA’j«‚Å‚Í‚æ‚è‹‚¢ŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚èA‚”˜˜IG52.1ÎA”wŒi–\˜IF45.2΂œŒv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B—«‚Å‚Í‚”˜˜IF48.2Î@”wŒi”˜˜IF44.3΂ł ‚Á‚½B@
No such phenomena at a significant level were observed for leukemia, female
breast cancer, or a random sample of general population. @
”’ŒŒ•aA—«“û‚ª‚ñA–³ìˆ×’Šo‚µ‚½ˆê”ÊZ–¯‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚¤‚µ‚½ŠÖ˜A‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
We noted an association between magnetic field exposure and a greater mean age
at diagnosis for brain tumors. @
”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ”]ŽîᇂɂȂéif’f‚³‚ê‚éjŽžŠú‚Ì•½‹Ï”N—î‚Æ‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
Whether or not these phenomena suggest delayed occurrence of brain tumors
following a higher than background residential magnetic field exposure deserves
further investigation.
‚Ž¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ª”wŒi”˜˜Ii0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰ºj‚É”ä‚ׂĔ]Žîᇂ̔¶‚ð’x‚点‚éŒø‰Ê‚ª‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬G‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚W|‚W@
ŒfÚŽGBritish Journal of Cancer: March 2001, Volume 84,
Number 5, Pages 697-699
˜_•¶–¼FChildhood acute leukemia and residential 16.7 Hz magnetic fields in
Germany
ƒhƒCƒc‚É‚¨‚¯‚éZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Ì‚P‚UD‚V‚g‚šŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™‹}«”’ŒŒ•a
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJ Schüz, J P Grigat, K Brinkmann and J Michaelis@
Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Dokumentation der
Universität Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
Abstract@ŠT—v@
We observed a moderate but statistically non-significant association between
magnetic fields (MF) and childhood leukemia.
Ž¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚Ƃ̂킸‚©‚ÈA‚µ‚©‚µ“Œv“I‚É‚Í—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ŠÖŒW‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
This is the first such study to cover residential exposure to 16.7 Hz (railway
frequency) MF though based on few exposed subjects.
‚±‚ê‚ÍA“d‹C“S“¹‚ÅÌ—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚P‚UD‚V‚g‚š‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éʼn‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Å‚Ì–\˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚鑽‚‚È‚¢(Œ´•¶‚Ífew‚Å‚ ‚èAa few‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢HH)@lX‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Our study does not exclude a small excess risk, but the attributable risk must
be very low.
–{Œ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Í‚È‚¢‰ß胊ƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð”rœ‚µ‚È‚¢‚ªAƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àŠñ—^—¦‚Í’á‚¢B
It is reassuring that neglecting 16.7 Hz MF in childhood cancer studies appears
to have little effect on findings.
Ž¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™‚ª‚ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚ÉÛ‚µ‚ÄA‚±‚Ì‚P‚UD‚V‚g‚šŽ¥ŠE‚𖳎‹‚µ‚Ä‚àAŒ¤‹†‚ɉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚½B
‚S‚V@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì’·Šú“I’²¸‚Å–¾‚ç‚©‚É
o“TFEuropean Commission”suJANUSv‘æ27† p.24
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS DO NOT INCREASE THE RISK OF ILL-HEALTH
“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚ÍŒ’N‚ւ̊댯‚Í‚È‚¢
Every Seventh worker at electrical power companies has experienced that her or
his health has worsened. Noise at work was the main problem.
Linemen suffered very often from backache and knee pain.
There was no correlation between exposure for magnetic fields and health effects.
Furthermore, the study showed that the fields did not increase reproductive
hazards or the risk of a malformed foetus.
@“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Ì]Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì7l‚É1l‚ÍŒ’N‚̈«‰»‚ðŒoŒ±‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚»‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ÍŽå‚ÉEê‚Å‚Ì‘›‰¹‚É‚ ‚éB‚Ü‚½‰ËüH‚à˜’É‚â•G‚̒ɂ݂ɋꂵ‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ª‘½‚¢B
‚µ‚©‚µAŽ¥ŠE‚É‚³‚炳‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ÆŒ’N‚ւ̉e‹¿‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚ÍA‘ŠŠÖ‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª’²¸‚Å•ª‚©‚Á‚½B‚Ü‚½Ž¥ŠE‚ͶB‹@”\‚ÉáŠQ‚ð—^‚¦‚½‚èA‘ÙŽ™‚ÉŠïŒ`‚ð‹N‚±‚µ‚½‚è‚·‚郊ƒXƒN‚à‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª”»–¾‚µ‚½B
A unique research project within the Swedish electrical power industry, has
been carried out at the Swedish Institute for Work Life Research in Stockholm.
The researchers have made a prospective study.
A selected group of employees, a so-called cohort, was examined for a long
period of time.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d—ÍŽY‹Æ‚цƒj[ƒN‚ÈŒ¤‹†ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ªAƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“˜J“¶ŠˆŒ¤‹†Š‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽBŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍA‘OŒü‚«‚ÌŒ¤‹†i‚ ‚鎞“_‚©‚çŠJŽn‚µ‚ÄA’ÇÕ’²¸‚ðs‚¤j‚ðs‚Á‚½B‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚½]‹ÆˆõƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ªƒRƒz[ƒg‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA’·Šú‚É“n‚è’²¸‚³‚ꂽB
About 700 workers at power stations and linemen, recruited by companies during
1981-85, were included in the research project.
A medical investigation was carried out every third year.
At the same intervals the employees' experiences were investigated by a
specific questionnaire, in which the workers judged and evaluated their working
conditions.
1981”N‚©‚ç85”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ĉïŽÐ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Čٗp‚³‚ꂽA”“dŠ‚Ì]‹Æˆõ‚â‰ËüH‚ðŠÜ‚Þ700l‚̘J“ŽÒ‚ª’²¸‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚É‚È‚Á‚½B‚R”N’u‚«‚ÉŒ’Nf’f‚ªs‚í‚êA‚»‚ê‚Æ“¯Žž‚É]‹Æˆõ‚ªŒoŒ±‚µ‚½‚±‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ẴAƒ“ƒP[ƒg’²¸‚às‚í‚ꂽB
The exposure is different risk Factors such as certain chemical, noise
and electric and magnetic fields was measured by technical expert.
When the project ended in 1995 about 460 workers were still in the study group.
ŠeŽí‚̃ŠƒXƒN—vˆöA‚½‚Æ‚¦‚Ή»ŠwÞ—¿A‘›‰¹A“dŽ¥ŠE‚È‚Ç‚ªA‹Zp‚Ìê–å‰Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘ª’肳‚ꂽBƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚Í1995”N‚ÉI‚í‚Á‚½‚ªA‚»‚ÌŽž‚É‚Í–ñ460l‚̘J“ŽÒ‚ª’²¸ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÉŽc‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Early warning@‰Šú‚ÌŒx
For quite a long time electric and magnetic Fields have been in the focus of
the risk debate, not least in the media.
The First findings were reported in the 1970s by Spanish and Russian
scientists.
“dŽ¥ŠE‚ªŒ’N‚Ɋ댯‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚Ì–â‘è‚ÍA’·‚¢ŠÔA“Á‚ɃƒfƒBƒA‚݂̂ȂȂ炸A˜_‹c‚̃^ƒl‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½Bʼn‚ÌŒ¤‹†¬‰Ê‚Í1970”N‘ã‚ɃXƒyƒCƒ“‚¨‚æ‚уƒVƒA‚̉ȊwŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”•\‚³‚ꂽB
Therefore, the Swedish researchers studied whether this exposure could be
related to specific symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, dizziness,
headaches, irritation, numbness, stomach pains, restlessness, sleeplessness and
tiredness.
‚»‚Ì‚½‚ßAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í‚±‚¤‚µ‚½”˜˜I‚ª“Á’è‚ÌÇóA‚½‚Æ‚¦‚ΕsˆÀA—}ŸTÇA‚ß‚Ü‚¢A“ª’ÉA‚¢‚炾‚¿AŒ‘‘ÓŠ´AˆÝ’ÉA•s–°ÇA”æ˜J‚È‚Ç‚ÆŠÖŒW‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
The scientists did not find any correlation between electric fields and
depression, headaches or sleeplessness, however magnetic fields may increase
the risk of anxiety, restlessness and tiredness.
‚±‚Ì’²¸‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆA“dŠE‚Æ—}ŸTÇA“ª’ÉA•s–°Ç‚Ƃ̊Ԃɂ͉½‚ÌŠÖŒW‚à‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚½B‚µ‚©‚µAŽ¥ê‚Í•sˆÀA•sˆÀ’èA”æ˜J‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‚‚ß‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Since it is important to detect early symptoms, the worker's blood and
hormones, such as cortisole and prolactine,
and biomarkers, such as tissue polypeptid antigen
(TPA), were analyzed.
This antigen may be very useful in the detection of early tumors.
Çó‚ð‘Šú‚É”Œ©‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªd—v‚Å‚ ‚邽‚ßA˜J“ŽÒ‚ÌŒŒ‰t‚¨‚æ‚уzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“iƒRƒ‹ƒ`ƒ][ƒ‹‚âƒvƒƒ‰ƒNƒ`ƒ“–‚È‚ÇjA¶•¨Žw•Wi‘gD‚̃|ƒŠƒyƒvƒ`ƒhRŒ´TPA‚È‚Çj‚ª•ªÍ‚³‚ꂽB‚±‚ÌRŒ´‚ÍŽîᇂð‘Šú‚É”Œ©‚·‚éã‚Å—LŒø‚Å‚ ‚éB
The researchers did notice that electrical fields might increase the body's
production of cortisole and TPA.
However, the results have to be interpreted very cautiously. Furthermore,
the researchers did not find any correlation between exposure to the fields and
reproductive hazards.
’²¸‚Å‚ÍA“dŠE‚ª‘Ì“à‚̃Rƒ‹ƒ`ƒ][ƒ‹‚âTPA‚̶ŽY‚ð‘‚â‚·‰Â”\«‚ðŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B‚±‚¤‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍTd‚ɉðŽß‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB‚³‚ç‚É“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ƶB‹@”\‚ÌáŠQ‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Noise a problem@‘›‰¹‚ª–â‘è‚É
The linemen had hard, heavy work tasks and they were exposed to wind and bad
weather conditions. After nine years in this occupation every seventh employee
suffered from back pain.
Furthermore, every eighth worker fell symptoms in the knees, the neck or the
shoulders.
‰ËüH‚ÌŽdŽ–‚Íd˜J“‚ÅA•—‚∫“VŒó‚Ì’†‚Å‚àì‹Æ‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B‚±‚Ì‹Æ–±‚É‚X”N‚ɂ킽‚Á‚Ä]Ž–‚µ‚½ê‡A˜J“ŽÒ‚Ì7l‚É‚Pl‚͘’ɂɋꂵ‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éB‚³‚ç‚É8l‚É1l‚Í•GAŽñAŒ¨‚È‚Ç‚ÉÇ󂪌©Žó‚¯‚ç‚ꂽB
In general, the most frequently reported symptoms of the whole study group were
bock pain, headaches, stomach problems and shoulder pain.
‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA’²¸‘ÎÛƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÅÅ‚à‘½‚¢Çó‚͘’ÉA“ª’ÉAˆÝ•aAŒ¨’É‚È‚Ç‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The employees themselves pointed out that noise was the main problem in their
work environment. In an everyday context, the noise levels exceeded the Swedish
threshold value.
˜J“ŽÒŽ©g‚ª˜J“ðŒ‚Ì’†‚ÅÅ‚à–â‘è‚È‚Ì‚Í‘›‰¹‚¾‚ÆŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B–ˆ“ú‚Ìì‹Æ‚Ì’†‚Å‘›‰¹ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì臒l‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚½B
The most frequent sources were compressors, drilling machines, excavators,
power saws and snow scooters. To reduce the noise level the researcher
suggested an action programme.
‘›‰¹‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚̓Rƒ“ƒvƒŒƒbƒTAúE‹@AŒ@í‹@A“d“®‹˜AáãŽÔ‚È‚Ç‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‘›‰¹ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ðˆø‚«‰º‚°‚邽‚ß‚É‚ÍA‚»‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì‘ÎôƒvƒƒOƒ‰ƒ€‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In general, the health and well-being of the employees was quite good during
the project. Workers in the power industry did not suffer from diseases or
injuries more than other occupational groups.
Furthermore, we did not find any symptoms which could be explained by the e
electric and magnetic fields' concluded Siv Torqvist
a researcher on the project.
u‚±‚Ì’²¸ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ÌŠúŠÔ’†‚É‚¨‚¯‚é˜J“ŽÒ‚ÌŒ’NA•ŸŽƒ‚Í”ñí‚É—ÇD‚¾‚Á‚½B“d—ÍŽY‹Æ‚̘J“ŽÒ‚Í‘¼‚ÌEŽí‚̘J“ŽÒ‚æ‚è•a‹C‚âЊQ‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚悤‚È•sˆÀ‚Í‚à‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚©‚Á‚½B‚³‚ç‚É“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‹Nˆö‚·‚éÇó‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½v‚ÆAƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ÌŒ¤‹†ˆõ‚̃VƒuEƒgƒ‹ƒ“ƒLƒXƒg‚ÍŒê‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚S‚W@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚̶B‚ւ̉e‹¿\‚P‚X‚X‚W”N
ŠT—v‚ð“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P‚P|‚Q‚R@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSiv Tornqvist, RN
˜_•¶–¼FPaternal Work in the Power Industry: Effects on
Children at Delivery
@@@@•ƒe‚ª“d—Í]Ž–ŽÒê‡F¶‚Ü‚ê‚éŽq‹Ÿ‚ւ̉e‹¿@
ŒfÚŽGŽFJOEM(Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine) 40:2 (February 1998), pp 111-117@
Although reports on reproductive disturbances among occupational groups of
electrical workers have been discussed, few studies have focused explicitly on
the children of workers employed in the power industry.
E‹Æ“I‚È“d‹CŠÖŒW]Ž–ŽÒ‚Ì’†‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚é¶BáŠQ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB’†‚É‚Í“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚É“Á‚ÉÅ“_‚ð“–‚Ä‚½Œ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éBiŒ´•¶‚ÍFew‚Å‚ ‚邪AA few‚̊ԈႢHj
Birth outcome and cancer in the offspring(Žq‹Ÿ) of
fathers who were exposed to electric and magnetic fields at time of spermi¸Žqjproduction were studied in two cohorts.
¸Žq‚ªì‚ç‚ê‚鎞‚É“dŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½•ƒe‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŠà‚Æo¶‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é“ñ‚‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
In Study I, male occupation in the power industry was identified in censuses.
Study 2 is a prospective cohort study of newly employed power industry workers.
Œ¤‹†‚P‚Å‚Í‘¨’²¸‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚½’j«“d—Í]Ž–ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µAŒ¤‹†2‚Å‚Í“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ‚ÉV‹K‚ÉÌ—p‚³‚ꂽl‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½‘OŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB@
Birth data were obtained by record linkage between censuses and several
available@health registers in Sweden.
o¶ƒf[ƒ^‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘¨’²¸‚ÆŠô‘½‚Ì—˜—p‰Â”\‚ÈŒ’N“o˜^‚ðŒ‹‚Ñ‚Â‚¯‚ÄA“¾‚ç‚ꂽB
Multiple births, birth weight, sex survival, congenital malformations, and
cancer have been analyzed with relation to the father's exposure to electric and
magnetic fields one year before the child was born.
‘oŽq‚Ì’a¶A¶‚܂ꂽŽž‚Ì‘ÌdA«•ÊAæ“V“I‚ȈÙíAŠà‚ðAŽq‹Ÿ‚ª¶‚Ü‚ê‚é1”N‘O‚Ì•ƒe‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÅA‰ðÍ‚µ‚½A
There were six cancer cases among infants(1Ζ¢–ž‚Ì—cŽ™) in
the exposed group (2.4 expected) and six in the unexposed group (3.2 expected)
in Study 1.
Œ¤‹†‚P‚Å‚ÍA”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍŠú‘Ò’l2.4‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä1Ζ¢–ž‚Ì—cŽ™‚ÌŠà‚ª6—áA”ñ”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍŠú‘Ò’l3.2‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä6—á‚ÌŠà‚ªŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB@
Jointly, the 12 cancer cases found among the infants were more than expected (P
= 0.02). However, this total excess may be random.
‚ ‚킹‚Ä12—á‚Ì1Ζ¢–ž‚Ì—cŽ™‚ÌŠà‚ÍŠú‘Ò’l‚ðã‰ñ‚锎š‚Å‚ ‚邪A‚±‚ê‚Í‹ô‘R‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
No cancer cases were observed in the prospective study.
Œ¤‹†2‚Ì‘OŒü‚«ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAŠà‚ÌÇ—á‚ÍŠÏŽ@‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
For chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome, one case was observed
among infants of exposed fathers and three cases, among unexposed fathers in
Study 1.
ƒ_ƒEƒ“ÇŒóŒQ‚̂悤‚ÈõF‘̈Ùí‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŒ¤‹†‚P‚ÅA”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚Í1—áA”ñ”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚Í3—ႪŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB
In Study 2, no cases were observed.
Œ¤‹†‚Q‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚¤‚µ‚½Ç—á‚ÍŠÏŽ@‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
There was a slightly higher proportion of malformation diagnoses among infants
of exposed fathers than among infants of unexposed fathers in Study 2, but this
could be random (odds ratio = 1.59; 95% Confidence interval 0.43-1.48).
Œ¤‹†2‚Å‚ÍA”ñ”˜˜IŒQ‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”˜˜IŒQ‚ł̈Ùí‚ÌŠ„‡‚ª‚µ‚‚©‚Á‚½‚ªA‚±‚ê‚Í‹ô‘R‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éBƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.59@95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í0.43|1.49‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
No clear-cut effects on infants fathered by men who were exposed to electric
and magnetic fields around the time of sperm production could be seen in these
two studies.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì“ñ‚‚̌¤‹†‚©‚çA“dŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½•ƒe‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Ö‚Ì–¾Šm‚ȉe‹¿‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Correspondence: @Siv Tornqvist, RN
National Institute for Working Life S-17184 Solna, Sweden
ŠT—v‚ð“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P‚P|‚Q‚T@
˜_•¶–¼FRisk of Cognitivei”F’mjImpairmenti‹@”\‚È‚Ç‚ðŠQ‚·‚éj in Relation to Elevated Exposure to Electromagnetic
Fields@“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é”F’máŠQ‚̃ŠƒXƒN
ŒfÚŽFJOEMiJournal of occupational and
Environmental Medicinej44:1 pp 66-72 JANUARY 2002
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFChung-Yi,
Li, PhD, Fung-Chang Sung, PhD, Shwu Chong Wu,PhD
ŠT—v
Occupational exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields (PF-EMF) has
been suspected of being associated with adverse neurological outcomes.
E‹Æ“I‚È“d—ÍŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ª_Œo‹@”\‚Ɉ«‰e‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
We performed a case-control study to assess the relationship between exposure
to PF-EMF and the risk of cognitive impairment, an indication of certain
adverse neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementiai’s•ðj.
“d—ÍŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ_ŒoáŠQ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B”F’máŠQ‚̈«‰e‹¿‚ÌŽw•W‚Æ‚µ‚ăAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚Æ’s•ð‚ðŽæ‚èã‚°‚½B
Among 2198 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older, 290 persons with
score-based cognitive impairment were compared with 580 sex-matched controls to
assess the risk of cognitive impairment in relation to PF-EMF exposure.
‚U‚TΈÈã‚Ì”N—î‚Ì‚Q‚P‚X‚W–¼‚ÌŒÂl‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA”F’máŠQ‚Æ”»’肳‚ꂽ‚Q‚X‚O–¼‚ÆA‚T‚W‚O–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð“d—ÍŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½B
Participants who were former electrical workers or living within 100 meters of
high-voltage transmission lines were considered to have higher exposure.
’²¸‚Ì‘ÎÛŽÒ‚Í“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚”˜˜I‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚錳“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚©A‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚P‚O‚O‚ˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‚Þl‚Å‚ ‚éB
Compared with background exposure, the risk was equal or close to unity for
participants with higher exposure from a previous occupation (odds ratio [OR],
1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 2.3), higher residential exposure
(OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.6), or higher exposure in both occupation and
residential environments (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.2 to 4.6).
”wŒi”˜˜I‚Æ”ä‚ׂÄAƒŠƒXƒN‚Í•½‹Ï“I‚È’l‚Æ“¯‚¶‚©‚»‚ê‚É‹ß‚¢’l‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‰ß‹Ž‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È‚”˜˜I‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.3i95%“M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í0.7-2.3jAZŠÂ‹«‚Å‚Ì‚”˜˜I‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.9A@ZŠÂ‹«‚ƉߋŽ‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ł̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.0‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Our findings provide little support for the link between
PF-EMF and cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the study results do not
preclude the possible association between PF-EMF and any specific
neurodegenerative (_ŒoÁ–Õ«Ž¾Š³) disease previously investigated.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍA“d—ÍŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE‚Æ”F’máŠQ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢B
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹GChildhood cancer and residential proximity to power lines
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSkinner J., Maslanyj
M.P., Mee T.J., Allen S.G., Simpson J., Roman E. and Day
N.E.
ŒfÚŽGBritish Journal of Cancer 2000 83:11 (1573-1580)
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˜_•¶–¼FChildhood cancer in relation to distance from high
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ŒfÚŽFOccup Environ Med 2000;57:258-263
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to electromagnetic fields and suicide
among electric utility workers: a nested case-control study
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFEdwin van Wijngaarden a,
David A Savitz a, Robert C Kleckner a, Jianwen Cai b, Dana Loomis a
a: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USAA
b: Department of Biostatistics
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ŒfÚŽGOccupational and Environmental Medicine
2002;59:199-200
˜_•¶–¼FSuicide mortality among electricians in the Swedish
construction industry
@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒšÝ‹ÆŠE‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“d‹CH‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŽ©ŽE‚É‚æ‚鎀–S—¦’²¸
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFB Jarvholm and A Stenberg
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Umea
University, Umea Sweden
ŠT—v
–Ú“IF
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ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 140, Issue 9
805-820, 1994
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹GAssociation between exposure to pulsed
electromagnetic fields and cancer in electric utility workers in Quebec,
Canada, and France @@ƒJƒiƒ_EƒPƒxƒbƒNB‚ƃtƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Ì“d—ÍŽ–‹Æ]Ž–ŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒpƒ‹ƒX«“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ƃKƒ“‚ÌŠÖŒW
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFB Armstrong, G Theriault, P Guenel,
J Deadman, M Goldberg and P Heroux
Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University,
Montreal, Canada.
ŠT—v
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ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 159, No. 9
2004
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FResidential and Occupational Exposures to 50Hz
Magnetic Fields and Breast Cancer in Women: A Population - based Study@
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒGJolanta Kliukiene ‚ç
@Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research,
0510, Norway
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to extremely low frequency magnetic
fields among working women and homemakers@“‚—«‚ÆŽå•w‚Ì’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŽÀ‘Ô
ŒfÚŽF Annals of Occupational Hygiene, November 2001,
vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 643-650(8)
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFMcCurdy A.L.‚ç
ŠT—v
273–¼‚Ì—«‚ªŒÂl”˜˜IŒv‚ÅAŽžŠÔ‰Ád•½‹Ï‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I—ʂ𒲸‚µ‚½B
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‚»‚Ì’†‚ÅAŠÅŒì•w‚⌒NŠÖŒW]Ž–ŽÒ‚Í•½‹Ï0.134ƒÊ‚siŬ0.032@Å‘å0.285jA‹³Žt‚ÆŠwZŠÖŒWŽÒ‚Í•½‹Ï0D099ƒÊ‚siŬ0.035@Å‘å0.673j‚Å’á‚¢”˜˜I—Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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˜_•¶‚Ì–`“ª‚É‚ ‚éŠT—v‚Ì•”•ª‚̉¼–ó
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽFEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine 5,
43-46, April, 2000
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FA Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies on the
Relationship between Occupational Electromagnetic Field Exposure and@the Risk of Adult Leukemia
¬l”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰uŠwŒ¤‹†‚̃ƒ^‰ðÍ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHongbing WANG, Shigeru SOKEJIMA, Sadanobu
KAGAMIMORI et al:
ŠT—v
Since the first paper by Milham et al. suggested that
occupational exposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) could increase the risk
of adult leukemia, many epidemiological studies on this problem have been
published.
E‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥”g‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ª¬l”’ŒŒ•a‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Milham‚ç‚Ìʼn‚Ì•ñˆÈ—ˆA‚±‚ÌŒ‚ÉuŠÖ‚·‚éŠô‘½‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª”•\‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B
In this report the method of meta-analysis was used to summarize the results
from these papers quantitatively.
–{˜_‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚̘_•¶‚ð’è—Ê“I‚ÉŽæ‚è‚܂Ƃ߂邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ăƒ^‰ðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The combined relative risk of all leukemia (RR=I.11), as well as acute
lymphocytic leukemia (RR=l.38), acute myeloid leukemia (RR=I.07) and chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (RR=l.14) increased but not significantly.
‘Š‡“I‚È‘Š‘΃ŠƒXƒN‚ÍA‘S”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅRR‚Í1.11A‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅRR‚Í1.38A‹}«œ‘«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅRR‚Í1.07A–«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÅRR‚Í1.14‚Æ‘‰Á‚Í‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
So far, it is difficult to make a consistent conclusion about the relationship
of the occupational exposure to EMF and adult leukemia.
]‚Á‚ÄAE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚Ƭl”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŽñ”öˆêŠÑ‚µ‚½Œ‹˜_‚𓾂邱‚Ƃ͓‚¢‚¢B
Further carefully designed case-control and cohort studies using the more valid
means of exposure assessment are required.
”˜˜I•]‰¿‚ÌX‚È‚é—LŒø‚ÈŽè–@‚ð—p‚¢‚½A‚³‚ç‚É’ˆÓ[‚ðŒÝ’肳‚ꂽǗá‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚âƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŽY‹Æ‰q¶Šw‰ï‚̘a•¶Ž‚ÉЉ‚ꂽ‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÌŠT—v
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽFEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine@Vol. 5 (2000) , No. 1 p.43
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FA Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies on the
Relationship between Occupational Electromagnetic Field Exposure and the Risk
of Adult Leukemia
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFWANG Hongbing‚ç,
ŠT—vG
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‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒpŽî‚Å‚Í‘Š‘΃ŠƒXƒN1.38i95%M—Š‹æŠÔF0.56-1.18jA
‹}«œ‘Žî‚Å‚Í‘Š‘΃ŠƒXƒN1.07i95%M—Š‹æŠÔF0.96-1.18jA
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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BJC Reid 2011 ELF‚ƬŽ™‚ª‚ñŠT—v
ŒfÚŽFBritish Journal of Cancer (2011) 105, 1409–1413.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FRisk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia following parental
occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFA Reid at al:
ŠT—v
BACKGROUND: Earlier studies have
reported moderate increases in the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
among children whose mothers have been occupationally exposed to extremely low
frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. Other studies examining parental
occupational exposure to ELF and ALL have reported mixed results.
”wŒiF‰Šú‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉE‹Æ“I‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½•êe‚ª¶‚ñ‚¾Žq‹Ÿ‚É‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì’†“x‚Ì‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
—¼e‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鑼‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Æ‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Íö‘Ž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
METHODS: In an Australian case–control
study of ALL in children aged o15 years, parents were asked about tasks they
undertook in each job. Exposure variables were created for any occupational
exposure before the birth of the child, in jobs 2 years before birth, in jobs 1
year before birth and up to 1 year after birth.
•û–@F15Έȉº‚̬Ž™‚Ì‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚Ì‚È‚©‚ÅA—¼e‚É‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚ÌE‹Æ‚Ås‚Á‚½ŽdŽ–‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŽ¿–â‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Žq‹Ÿ‚̶‚Ü‚ê‚é2”N‘O‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜IAŽq‹Ÿ‚ª¶‚Ü‚ê‚é1”N‘O‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜IAŽq‹Ÿ‚ª¶‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚©‚ç1”NŒã‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ðA”˜˜I•Ï”‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’è‚ß‚½B
RESULTS: In all, 379 case and 854
control mothers and 328 case and 748 control fathers completed an occupational
history. Exposure to ELF in all time periods was similar in case and control
mothers. There was no difference in exposure between case and control fathers.
There was no association between maternal (odds ratio (OR=0.96; 95%
CI=0.74–1.25) or paternal (OR=0.78; 95%CI=0.56–1.09) exposure to ELF any time
before the birth and risk of childhood ALL
.Œ‹‰ÊF‘S”‚ÅA379—á‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ854–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚Ì•êeA328—á‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ748–¼‚Ì•ƒe‚ÌAE‹Æ“I‚Ì—š—ð‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
•êe‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAÇ—á‚Æ‘ÎÆ‚Í’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚锘˜I‚Í“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
•ƒe‚ÌꇂàÇ—á‚Æ‘ÎÆ‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
•êe‚Æ•ƒe‚Ì”˜˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚Í‚È‚A¬Ž™‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ƶ’a‚Ì‘OŒã‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚Ì’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚Ƃ̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í•êe‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í0.96iCI:0.74|1.25jA•ƒe‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä0.78iCI:0.56-1.09j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
CONCLUSION: We did not find an
increased risk of ALL in offspring of parents with occupational exposure to
ELF.
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–––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: J Epidemiol 2010; 20 (1): 54-61
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FPower-frequency magnetic fields and childhood
brain tumors: a case-control study in Japan.
“d—ÍŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™”]Žîá‡F“ú–{‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Saito T, Nitta H, Kubo O, Yamamoto S, Kabuto M et
al;
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹GRisk of birth defects by parental occupational
exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic Fields: a population based study
@@—¼e‚ÌE‹Æ”˜˜Ii50HzŽ¥ŠEj‚ÆoŽYˆÙí‚̃ŠƒXƒN
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGK O Blaasaas,
T Tynes, A lrgens, R T Lie
ŒfÚŽGOccup Environ Med: 2002: Vol. 59:
p92-97
ŠT—vF
Objectives: To study the risk of birth
defects by Parental occupational exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields.
–Ú“IG—¼e‚Ì50HzŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ÆoŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸B
Methods:
The Medical Birth Registry of Norway was
linked with census data on Parental occupation.
An expert panel constructed a Job exposure
matrix of Parental occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields.
•û–@F
ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[‚̈ãŠw¶’a“o˜^‚Æ‘¨’²¸‚É‚¨‚¯‚é—¼e‚ÌE‹Æ‚ÆŠÖŒW•t‚¯‚½B
ê–å‰ÆƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ª—¼e‚ÌEê‚Å‚Ì50HzŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I—Ê‚ð„‚µ—Ê‚éJob-Matrix‚ð쬂µ‚½B
Exposure to magnetic fields was estimated by
combining branch and occupation into one of three exposure levels: < 4 hours,
4 - 24 hours, and > 24 hours /week above approximately 0.1uT.
EŽí‚ÆEê‚Ìî•ñ‚©‚ç“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ðAŽŸ‚Ì3‚‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚É•ª—Þ‚µ‚½B
1ƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒXˆÈã‚Ì”˜˜I‚ª1TŠÔ‚Å4ŽžŠÔˆÈ“àA4|24ŽžŠÔA24ŽžŠÔˆÈã@‚Ì3ŒQ‚Å‚ ‚éB
Risks of 24 categories of birth defects were
compared across exposure levels.
Out of all 1.6 million births in Norway
in the Period 1967 - 95, 836 475 and 1 290 298 births had information on
maternal and Paternal exposure, respectively.
oŽYˆÙí‚Ì24‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚ÆŽ¥ŠE”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½B
1967”N‚©‚ç1995”N‚ÌŠÔ‚Ì160–œ’a¶“o˜^‚Ì’†‚©‚çA867475‚Ì•êe‚Ì”˜˜Iî•ñA1290298‚Ì•ƒe‚Ì”˜˜Iî•ñ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽB
Analyses were based on tests for trend and
were adjusted for parental educational level, place of birth, maternal age, and
year of birth.
‰ðÍ‚Í—¼e‚Ì‹³ˆçƒŒƒxƒ‹A¶’a‚ÌêŠA•êe‚Ì”N—îA¶‚܂ꂽ”N‚ð’²®‚µ‚Äs‚Á‚½B
Results:
The total risk of birth defects was not
associated with parental exposure.
Œ‹‰ÊG
‘S‘̂̃ŠƒXƒN‚Æ—¼e‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Maternal exposure was associated with
increased risks of spina bifida (P = 0.04) and clubfoot (P = 0.04).
•êe‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚Í“ñ•ªÒ’ÅÇ‚Æ“à”½‘«‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
A negative association was found for isolated
cleft palate (P = 0.01).
ŒûŠW—ô‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͉A«‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½i’Êí‚æ‚èˆÙ킪‚È‚‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éjB
Paternal exposure was associated with
increased risks of anencephaly (P= 0.01) and a category of other defects, (P =
0.02).
•ƒe‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA–³”]Ç‚Æ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚ŃŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Conclusion:
The present study gives an indication of an
association between selected disorders of the central nervous system and
parental exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields.
Œ‹˜_G¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA—¼e‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ª’†•_ŒoŒn‚Ì“Á’è‚ÌŽ¾Š³‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Given the crude exposure assessment, lack of
comparable studies, and the high number of outcomes considered, the results
should be interpreted with caution.
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Í’ˆÓ[‚‰ðŽß‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢B
¶‚«¶‚«Œ’N@“úŒoNET@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@
http://health.nikkei.co.jp/hsn/hl.cfm?i=20030708hk000hk
––––––––––––––––––@@–––––––––––––
“ûŠà‚Æ“dŽ¥ê‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ð”Û’è
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ʼn‚ÉŠÖ˜A«‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚½Šàê–åˆã‚ŕăRƒlƒ`ƒJƒbƒg‘åŠwŒ’NƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚̉uŠwŽÒRichard G. StevensŽ‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚É“¯ˆÓ‚µAu‰Æ’ë“à‚Å’Ê팩‚ç‚ê‚é“dŽ¥êƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ÍA“ûŠàƒŠƒXƒN‚Í‘‘債‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤—L—͂ȃGƒrƒfƒ“ƒX‚Å‚ ‚év‚ƃjƒ…[ƒXƒfƒC‚ÉŒê‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
StevensŽ‚ç‚ÍA“dŽ¥ê‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ª”]‚ł̃ƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ŽY¶‚ð—}§‚µA‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å“ûŠà‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚¯‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½ƒGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‚ÌŽY¶—Ê‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ„’肵‚Ä‚¢‚½B
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[2003”N6ŒŽ25“ú
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
ŒfÚŽFAm. J. Epidemiol. (2003) 158 (1):
47-58.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FElectromagnetic Fields and Breast
Cancer on Long Island: A Case-Control Study
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFE. R. Schoenfeld, E. S. OfLeary,
K. Henderson, et al:
Abstract@@ŠT—v
The EMF and Breast Cancer on Long Island Study (EBCLIS) was a
case-control study designed to evaluate the possible association between
exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and breast cancer.
“dŽ¥”g‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚郃“ƒOƒAƒCƒ‰ƒ“ƒhŒ¤‹†‚ÍA“ûŠà‚ª“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä’²¸Œ¤‹†‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚Å‚·B
Eligible women were participants in the population-based Long Island
Breast Cancer Study Project, were under 75 years of age at enrollment, were
residentially stable, and were identified between August 1, 1996, and June 20,
1997.
‘SZ–¯‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒƒ“ƒOƒAƒCƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚Ì“ûŠàŒ¤‹†ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚Ì’†‚©‚ç“IŠm‚È—«‚ªŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
Of those eligible, 576 cases and 585 controls participated in EBCLIS
(87% and 83%, respectively). In-home data collection included various spot and
24-hour EMF measurements, ground-current magnetic field measurements, wire
mapping of overhead power lines servicing the home, and an interview.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†•êW’c‚Ì’†‚©‚ç576–¼‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ585–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚ªŽQ‰Á‚µ‚½AŽQ‰Á—¦‚Í‘´X87%‚Æ83%‚Å‚ ‚éB‰Æ’ë“à‚ÅA24ŽžŠÔ‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚̃Xƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’èA‘Î’n“d—¬‚É‚æ‚鎥ŠE‘ª’èA‰Æ‰®‚̉®ŠO‚̉ˋó“dü‚Ì”züó‹µAƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚¾ƒf[ƒ^‚ðŽûW‚µ‚½B
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were based on multivariate
logistic regression analyses. All odds ratios were close to 1 and
non-significant. For the highest quartile of 24-hour EMF measurements, the odds
ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 1.37) in the bedroom and
1.09 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.51) in the most lived-in room.
95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚àŒvŽZ‚µ‚½BƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚P‚É‹ß‚A—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B24ŽžŠÔ“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I—Ê‚ð‹æ•ª‚µ‚½ŽžAÅ‚à‚‚¢”˜˜IŒQ‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚ÍQŽº‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‚Å‚Í0.97i95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í0.69-1.37jAÅ‚à‘½‚‹‚é•”‰®‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.09i95%M—Š‹æŠÔ0.78]1.51j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
For the highest exposure category of ground-current measurements, the
odds ratio was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.44) in the bedroom and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.85,
1.38) in the most lived-in room.
Å‚à‚‚¢‘Î’n“d—¬‚É‚æ‚鎥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚Å‚ÍAQŽº‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‚ŃIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.13i95%M—Š‹æŠÔ0.88-1.44jAÅ‚à’·‚‹‚é•”‰®‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä1.08i95%M—Š‹æŠÔ0.80-1.38j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
These and other EBCLIS results agree with other recent reports of no
association between breast cancer and residential EMF exposures.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‹y‚Ñ‘¼‚̃ƒ“ƒOƒAƒCƒ‰ƒ“ƒh“ûŠàŒ¤‹†ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚ÍŠÖ˜A‚ª‚È‚¢‚ÆŒ¾‚¢‚¤‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ƈê’v‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚V|‚P‚Q|‚Q‚S
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–ˆÈ‰º‚Ì‹ãB“d—͂̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ÍAu‰e‹¿‚Íu‚È‚¢v‚Æ‚·‚éà‚Å‚ ‚éB
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‚Q‚O‚P‚V|‚P‚Q|‚Q‚R‚̃`ƒFƒbƒN‚Å‚ÍA“à—e‚ª‘å•‚ÉXV‚³‚êAã‹L‚Ìî•ñ‚Í휂³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒF Shigeru Sokejima, Sadanobu Kagamimori, Toshiki Tatsumura
˜_•¶F Electric power consumption and leukemias death rate
in Japan
ŒfÚŽGŽF THE LANCET Vol.348 o September 21, 1996 P21-822
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Gigazine‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚Å‚·B
https://gigazine.net/news/20180522-cause-of-childhood-leukaemia/
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‰½‚ªŽq‚Ç‚à‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚Ì‚©︖‚ð‰ß‹Ž30”N‚Ì—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚©‚番͂µ‚½Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ª”•\
2018”N05ŒŽ22“ú 21Žž30•ª
Žq‹Ÿ‚Ì‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚Í—T•Ÿ‚ȎЉï‚Å‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚»‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä“dŽ¥”g‚≻Šw•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ª‹^‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½B
‚»‚ñ‚È’†A‰ß‹Ž30”N‚És‚í‚ꂽˆâ“`ŽqŠwE×–E¶•¨ŠwE–ƉuŠwE‰uŠw‚È‚Ç‚Ì‘½”‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚©‚çA—cŠú‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚Íuˆâ“`Žq•ÏˆÙv‚Æu¶‚Ü‚ê‚ÄŠÔ‚à‚È‚¢ ‚ÉŒoŒ±‚·‚銴õÇv‚ÉŒ´ˆö‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚·‚錤‹†‚ª”•\‚³‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
Leading UK scientist reveals likely
cause of childhood leukemia - The Institute of Cancer Research, London
https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/leading-uk-scientist-reveals-likely-cause-of-childhood-leukaemia
A causal mechanism for childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukemia | Nature Reviews@Cancer
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-018-0015-6
Missing microbes CAUSE childhood
cancer - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-44199844
ƒƒ“ƒhƒ“‚Ì‚ª‚ñŒ¤‹†‹@ŠÖ‚ÉŠ‘®‚·‚éMel Greaves‹³Žö‚ÍŽ©g‚⢊E’†‚ÌŠe•ª–ì‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ªs‚Á‚½‰ß‹Ž30”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚çA‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“dŽ¥”g‚≻Šw•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ð”ے肵‚Ü‚µ‚½B
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Greaves‹³Žö‚ÍA”’ŒŒ•a‚É‚Íu•êe‚Ì‘Ù“à‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚鎞‚ɶ‚¶‚éˆâ“`Žq•ÏˆÙv‚Æu—cŽ™Šú‚É•aŒ´‹Û‚ÉÚ‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æv‚ªŠÖŒW‚µA‚±‚Ì2‚‚̗v‘f‚ª‘g‚݇‚킳‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Å—cŠú‚̖Ɖu•s‘S‚â”’ŒŒ•a‚ªˆø‚«‹N‚±‚³‚ê‚邱‚ÆŽ¦‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
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u“dŽ¥”g‚≻Šw•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ð”Û’èv‚Æ‚¢‚¤•\Œ»‚ÌŒ³ƒlƒ^‚𒲂ׂĂ݂܂µ‚½B
Leading UK scientist reveals likely
cause of childhood leukemia - The Institute of Cancer Research, London
https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/leading-uk-scientist-reveals-likely-cause-of-childhood-leukaemia
‚É‚ ‚Á‚½Œ´•¶‚Å‚Í
Professor Greaves challenged previous reports
of possible environmental causes, such as ionizing radiation, electricity
cables, electromagnetic waves or man-made chemicals – arguing that none are
supported by robust evidence as major causes.
Greaves‹³Žö‚Í“d—£•úŽËüA“d‹C‰ñüA“dŽ¥”g‚âlH“I‚ȉ»Šw•¨Ž¿‚Ȃǂ̉”\«‚Ì‚ ‚éŠÂ‹«ˆöŽq‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—lX‚È•ñ‚𒲸‚µ‚½‚ªA¬Ž™‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŽå‚ÈŒ´ˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŠm’è‚Å‚«‚éØ‹’‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚é‚à‚Ì‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ÆŒê‚Á‚½B
‚Æ‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B
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ŒfÚŽFEPIDEMIOLOGY 2001;12:508-517
˜_•¶–¼FParental Occupational Exposures to Electromagnetic Fields and
Radiation and the Incidence of Neuroblastoma in Offspring
e‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚̜늳—¦
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAnneclaire J. De Roos, Kay Teschke, et al;
ŠT—vF
We examined parental occupational
exposures to electromagnetic fields and radiation and the incidence of
neuroblastoma in offspring.
e‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È“dŽ¥”g–\˜I‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚̜늳—¦‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
Cases were 538 children diagnosed with
neuroblastoma between 1992 and 1994 in the United States or Canada.
Ç—á‚Í1992”N‚©‚ç1994”N‚̊ԂɃAƒƒŠƒJ‚ƃJƒiƒ_‚Å_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ538—á‚Å‚ ‚éB
Age-matched controls were selected by
random-digit dialing.
”N—î‚𒲘a‚³‚¹‚½‘ÎÆŒQ‚ðƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€“d˜bƒ_ƒCƒ„ƒ‹‚Å‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
Occupational exposures to electrical
equipment and radiation sources were classified by an industrial hygienist, and
average exposures to extremely low frequency magnetic fields were estimated
using a job exposure matrix.
E‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ÍŽY‹Æ‰q¶‚Ìê–å‰Æ‚ª‹æ•ª‚µ‚½A•½‹Ï’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I’l‚Í‚i‚‚‚ƒ}ƒgƒŠƒbƒNƒX‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä„’è‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Maternal exposure to a broad grouping
of sources that produce radiofrequency radiation was associated with an
increased incidence of neuroblastoma (odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval
= 0.9-8.7).
•êe‚ª–³üŽü”g”“d”g‚Ì‚æ‚邳‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È”MŒ¹‚©‚ç“dŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éê‡AŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‘‰Á‚µAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í2.8@95“M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚Í0.9-8.7‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Paternal exposure to battery-powered
forklifts was positively associated with neuroblastoma (odds ratio = 1.6; 95%
confidence interval = 0.8-3.2), as were some types of equipment that emit
radiofrequency radiation (odds ratios 2.0); however, the broad groupings of
sources that produce ELF fields, radiofrequency radiation, or ionizing
radiation were not associated with neuroblastoma.
•ƒe‚ª“d’r‹ì“®‚̃tƒH[ƒNƒŠƒtƒg‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éê‡AŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚ª‚ ‚èAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.6iM—Š«‹æŠÔF0.8-3.2jA“¯—l‚ÉA–³üŽü”g”‚ð”M‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ ‚éŽí‚Ì‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—p‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í2.0‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚µ‚©‚µA‚³‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È‚d‚k‚e“dŽ¥ŠEE–³üŽü”g”E“d—£•úŽËü‚ð•úŽË‚·‚é•úŽËŒ¹‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Paternal average extremely low
frequency magnetic field exposure >0.4 microTesla
was weakly associated with neuroblastoma (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence
interval = 0.9-2.8), whereas maternal exposure was not.
•ƒe‚ª•½‹Ï0.4ƒÊƒeƒXƒ‰ˆÈã‚Ì’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂÍA_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚Æ‚ÌŽã‚¢ŠÖ˜A‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA•êe‚Ìꇂ͊֘A‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½B{
Overall, there was scant supportive
evidence of strong associations between parental exposures in electromagnetic
spectrum and neuroblastoma in offspring.
“Z‚ß‚é‚ÆAe‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì_Œo‰è×–EŽî‚ª‹‚¢ŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽã‚¢‚È‚ª‚çŽxŽ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚Q‚O‚Q‚O|‚T|‚P‚P
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
EMF Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ðˆê•”‰ÁH‚µ‚½B
ŒfÚŽ: Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145 (3): 219-226
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FElectromagnetic Fields and cancer in children residing near
Norwegian high-voltage power lines.
ƒmƒ‹ƒEƒF[‚Ì‚ˆ³“d—Íü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉZ‚ÞŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚Æ‚ª‚ñ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Tynes T, Haldorsen
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109:
911-933
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FReview of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Ahlbom A, Cardis E, Green A, Linet M,
Savitz D, Swerdlow A
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMagnetic field exposure and long-term survival
among children with leukemia.
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ŒfÚŽFEpidemiology
1996; 7 (5): 459-464
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FOccupational
exposure to 60-hertz magnetic fields and risk of breast cancer in women.
•wl‚Ì60HzŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ”˜˜I‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ:Coogan PF, Clapp
RW, Newcomb PA, et al;
ŠT—v
We used data from a large
population-based case-control study to test the hypothesis that women whose
"usual occupation" entailed exposure to higher than background 60 Hz
magnetic fields had a higher risk of breast cancer than women without such
exposure.
—«‚ÌE‹ÆãA‚U‚OHzŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Í”wŒi—Ê‚æ‚è‘å‚«‚¢ê‡A‚»‚¤‚Å‚È‚¢—«‚É”ä‚ׂÄA“û‚ª‚ñ‚ւ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‚‚¢‚Æ‚·‚鉼à‚ðŠm‚©‚߂邽‚ß‚ÉA‘å‹K–Í‚ÈlŒûƒx[ƒX‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚̃f[ƒ^‚ð—p‚¢‚½A
Breast cancer cases were identified
from four statewide tumor registries, and controls were randomly selected from
lists of licensed drivers and Medicare beneficiaries.
“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌÇ—á‚Í4‚‚̑S‘“I‚ȃKƒ““o˜^‚©‚ç’Šo‚µA‘ÎÆŒQ‚͉^“]–Æ‹–ŽÒ‚ƈã—Õی¯ŽóŽæl‚̃ŠƒXƒg‚©‚ç–³ìˆ×‚É’Šo‚µ‚½B
Information on usual occupation and
breast cancer risk factors was obtained by telephone interview.
’Êí‚ÌE‹Æ‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚Í“d˜bƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚Å“¾‚½B
We calculated adjusted odds ratios
from logistic regression models for women holding occupations with potential
for low, medium, or high magnetic field exposure, compared with background
exposure.
‘ÎÛŽÒ‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚ð”wŒi”˜˜I‚É”ä‚ׂĒႢA’†’ö“xA‚‚¢‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAƒƒWƒXƒeƒbƒN‰ñ‹A‰ð͂ŃIƒbƒY”ä‚ðŒvŽZ‚µ‚½B
There was a modest increase in risk
for women with potential for high exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; 95%
confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-2.09], and no increase for women with potential
for medium (OR = 1.09; 95% CI= 0.83-1.42) or low (OR = 1.02; 95% CI =
0.91-1.15) exposure.
”˜˜I‚ª‚‚¢‚Æ‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Å‚Í“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰ÁiƒIƒbƒY”ä1.43@95%CIF0.99]2.09j‚ªŒ©‚ç‚êA’†’ö“x‚Ì”˜˜IŒQiƒIƒbƒY”äF1.09j‚Æ’á‚¢”˜˜IŒQiƒIƒbƒY”äG1.02j‚ł̓ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
The risk among premenopausal women in
the highest exposure category was higher (OR= 1.98; 95% CI = 1.04-3.78) than
for postmenopausal women (OR= 1.33; 95% CI= 0.82—2. 17).
•ÂŒoŠú‘O‚Ì—«‚̃ŠƒXƒNiƒIƒbƒY”äF1.98j‚Í•ÂŒoŒã—«‚̃ŠƒXƒNiƒIƒbƒY”äF1.33j‚æ‚èA‚‚¢”˜˜IŒQ‚ł̓ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚‚©‚Á‚½B
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news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/933678.stm‚É‚ ‚Á‚½ˆÈ‰º‚̃jƒ…[ƒX‚ªŒ³ƒlƒ^‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éB
–––––––––––––––––
Thursday, 21 September, 2000, 00:37 GMT 01:37 UK
Cancer rise linked to power lines
Dr Preece's own work is yet to be published
officially.
But a conference in Germany earlier this year of the Bio electromagnetics
Society heard that it suggested an average increase in the cancer risk of 29%
over the expected rate.
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http://www.asyura2.com/sora/bd10/msg/368.html
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‚RjBEMS‘‰ï2001”N‚ÉŒû‰‰‚Å”•\
ŒfÚŽFBioelectromagnetics (BEMS) 23rd Annual Scientific Conference; June 10-14, 2001. St
Paul, MN, USA.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹F3-3FCANCER AND HIGH VOLTAGE POWERLINES WITH RESPECT TO WIND DIRECTION.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF A. Preece,
M.G. Wright*, G.R. Iwi*, E. Dunn*, D.J. Etherington*
BACKGROUND: The past 20 years has seen considerable research into the
health effects of exposure to power frequency magnetic fields, where a number
of studies, notably those near high voltage power lines@have suggested an association with childhood leukemia .
These studies have looked at cases of cancer within 50m of power lines (the
range of the magnetic field)2 and have considered only distance and not
prevailing wind direction; at these distances any wind direction effects are
likely to be obscured.
Recent studies have suggested that aerosols produced by very high voltage
lines might combine with pollutants and indirectly might be a mechanism for
increased cancer rates .@
RESULTS: The ratio of the observed to expected number of cancer
registrations up or down wind with the 95% confidence intervals were compared
for different cancers (Table 1).
There is a statistically different incidence (raised) downwind compared to
upwind for mouth and respiratory cancer, but no differences for combined
stomach and colorectal cancer.@
For the "false lines", the only significant result is a lower
incidence downwind for stomach and colorectal cancers. As can be seen in Figure
1, there are some small differences in the age distribution of the two
populations when down and up wind are compared as a ratio.@
There are similar problems with considering socio-economic status. This and age
has implications for smoking behaviour. This
study is now being expanded to cover the complete South and West Cancer
Intelligence Unit region - population 4.9 million compared to 1 million in
Avon. @
The resulting increase in cancer registrations should reduce the confidence
intervals and allow correction factors to be added to account for the different
age distributions.
|
|
gFalse
lines" in Avon |
Cases |
Real lines
in Avon County |
Cases |
All
Cancers‘SŠà |
Downwind |
0.97
(0.94-1.00) |
4113 |
1.05
(1.02-1.08) |
4028 |
|
Upwind |
1.00
(0.97-1.03) |
|
1.00
(0.97-1.03) |
|
Mouth@Ξ |
Downwind |
1.04 (0.80-1.28) |
58 |
1.43
(1.15-1.71) |
43 |
C00-C14 |
Upwind |
1.00
(0.73-1.27) |
|
1.00
(0.71-1.29) |
|
RespiratorŒÄ‹zŠí |
Downwind |
1.04
(0.96-1.12) |
559 |
1.11
(1.02-1.20) |
530 |
C30-C37 |
Upwind |
1.00
(0.91-1.09) |
|
1.00
(0.92-1.08) |
|
DigestiveÁ‰»Ší |
Downwind |
0.91 (0.84-0.98) |
802 |
0.98
(0.91-1.05) |
762 |
C15-C26 |
Upwind |
1.00
(0.93-1.07) |
|
1.00
(0.93-1.07) |
|
Table 1: The
incidence of cancer upwind or downwind of high voltage powerlines. Observed/expected
(95% C.I.) based on an estimate of population (with the statistically
significant differences in bold)@
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]‚Á‚ÄABEMSJ‚Ì–Ú‚É‚Íu‰uŠw’²¸‚ÌŒÀŠE‚ÅA‚±‚Ì•ñ‚Å‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚̃GƒAƒƒ]ƒ‹‚ªŒ´ˆö‚ÅŠà‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Í¢“ïv‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal
of Epidemiology, Volume 142, Issue 5, 1 September 1995, Pages 515–524,
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FOccupations with
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: A Possible Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Disease
Ž¥ŠE‚ÌE‹Æ“I”˜˜IFƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚ł̉”\«‚Ì‚ ‚郊ƒXƒNˆöŽq
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFEugene Sobel, Zoreh Davanipour, Joseph D.
Bowman, at al:
Abstract@ŠT—v
The authors present analyses of data
from three independent clinical series and controls indicating an association
between working in occupations with probable medium to high exposure to
extremely low frequency (<300 Hz) electromagnetic fields and sporadic
Alzheimer's disease.
–{Œ¤‹†‚ÍA3‚‚̓Ɨ§‚µ‚½—Õ°ƒf[ƒ^‚̉ðÍŒ‹‰Ê‚ðŽ¦‚µA’†’ö“x‚©‚ç‚”˜˜I‹“x‚Ì’áŽü”gi300HzˆÈ‰ºj“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌE‹Æ”˜˜I‚ÆŽU”«ƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ðŽ¦‚·B
Case-control analyses were carried out
using data from patients examined at the following locations: the Department of
Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 1982–1985; the Koskela Hospital in Helsinki, 1977–1978; and the University
of Southern California site of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of Los
Angeles and Orange Counties, 1984–1993.
3‚‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½Aƒwƒ‹ƒVƒ“ƒL‚Ì‘åŠw‚Å1982|1985”NAƒwƒ‹ƒVƒ“ƒL‚Ì•a‰@‚Å1977|1978”NAƒƒXƒAƒ“ƒWƒFƒ‹ƒX‚Ì‘åŠw‚Å1984|1993”NB
The predominant occupations among
medium (2–10mG or >10mG intermittently) to high (>10mG or >100mG
intermittently) exposed cases were seamstress, dressmaker, and tailor.
’†’ö“x”˜˜Ii•½‹Ï’l2|10mG‚©’f‘±“I‚É10‚‚fˆÈãj‚Æ‚”˜˜Ii•½‹Ï10‚‚fˆÈã‚©’f‘±“I‚É100‚‚fˆÈãjŒQ‚ÌÇ—áŽÒ‚ÌŽå‚ÈE‹Æ‚ÍÙ–D•wA•wl•ž‚ÌŽd—§‰®A—m•ž‚ÌŽd—§‰®‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The results appear to be independent
of education, and the sex-combined odds ratios for the three series are quite
homogeneous 2 9, 3.1, and 3.0.
Œ‹‰Ê‚Í‹³ˆçƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Æ‚Í“Æ—§‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èA’j—¬‡‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í3‚‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Å‚Ù‚Úˆê’è‚ÅA2.9A3.1A3.0‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The odds ratio for the three series
analyzed together is 3.0 (p < 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval of
1.6–5.4.
3‚‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚𓇂µ‚½ƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í3.0i‚o’l0.001ˆÈ‰ºj‚ÅA95%M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚Í1.6]5.4‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The odds ratio for women is 3.8 (p
< 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval of 1 7–8.6.
—«‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í3.8i‚o’l0.001ˆÈ‰ºjA95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í1.7|8.6‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The most obvious, possibly
etiologically relevant exposure is that of electromagnetic fields, which may
have biologic plausibility because they may adversely influence calcium
homeostasis and/or inappropriately activate immune system cells such as
microglial cells, initiating events that result in neuronal degeneration.
Å‚à—‰ð‚µ‚â‚·‚‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚錴ˆö‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚·‚锘˜I‚Í“dŽ¥”g‚Å‚ ‚éB“dŽ¥”g‚Ͷ•¨Šw“I‚ɉ”\«‚ª‚ ‚èA‚»‚ê‚̓Jƒ‹ƒVƒEƒ€‚ÌPí«‚ÉˆÙí‚ȉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ꂸA‚Ü‚½Amicroglial×–E‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½–ƉuƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚ð•s“KØ‚ÉŠˆ«‰»‚·‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ꂸAŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä_Œo‚ð‘Þ‰»‚³‚¹‚é‚ɂ‚Ȃª‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
Full text‚ÍŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚̈êl Bowman‚æ‚è“üŽèÏ‚ÝB
BEMSJ’FE‹Æ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÙ–D•wA•wl•ž‚ÌŽd—§‰®AaŽm•ži—m•žj‚ÌŽd—§‰®‚Í“d“®ƒ~ƒVƒ“‚ðŽg‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚èAƒ~ƒVƒ“‚©‚ç‚Ì’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ªŽå‚È”˜˜IŒ¹‚Å‚ ‚èAƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‘z’肳‚ê‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚Ì‚ª‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Res 2022; 204 Pt A: 111993
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FPooled analysis of recent studies of magnetic
fields and childhood leukemia
Ž¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄÅ‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̃v[ƒ‹•ªÍ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Amoon AT, Swanson J,
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Lines: A Reviewh,
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Ashland Oregon: 1991”NTd‚È‚é‰ñ”ðô‚ðÌ—pB‹K§‚Ì”’l‚Í‚È‚¢B
Bellevue Washington: 1993”NA‡—“I‚ɉ”\‚Å‚ ‚ê‚Α—“dü‚Ì’n’†‰»‘£iô‚ðŒˆ’èB
Brentwood Tennessee: 1991”NA120kVˆÈã‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü‰º‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Í4mGˆÈ‰ºBŠù‘¶‚Ì‘—“dü‚Í5”NˆÈ“à‚ɑΉžB
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Eugene Oregon: Td‚È‚é‰ñ”ð‚ðl—¶‚·‚éB‹K§”’l‚Í‚È‚¢B
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(ƒAƒŠƒ]ƒi‚ÌV•·ŽÐ‚Æ„’è)@September 27A 2006
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„Carol Sowers
„Sept. 26A 2006 12:00 AM
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