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ECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH CAUTIONARY POLICIES
Prudent Avoidance (not
necessarily identified as such) has been adopted as policy
in parts of the electrical sector in Australia, Sweden
and a few US states (California, Colorado, Hawaii, New York, Ohio, Texas, and
Wisconsin).
In 1997 Australia adopted a policy of Prudent Avoidance with regard to new
transmission lines, with measures described by the government as "general
guidance" to be implemented "without undue inconvenience."
Measures that can be taken at "modest cost" include routing power
lines away from schools, and phasing power line conductors to reduce magnetic
fields near their rights of way.
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1992”N |
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1993”N |
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1995”N |
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Power
frequency EMF Summary up to 2000
2000”N‚Ü‚Å‚Ì’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì“®Œü‚Ì“Z‚ß
Sweden's National Electrical Safety
Board (NESB) findings in 1993 and the 1999 NIEHS recommendations reinforce the
precautionary principles outlined by five Swedish authorities in their 1996
pamphlet called: "Low-frequency Electrical and Magnetic Fields: The
Precautionary Principle for National Authorities - Guidance for decision
makers" [7].
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì5È’¡‚ª—\–hŒ´‘¥‚̃KƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚ð1996”N‚É”s‚µ‚½B
The Swedish National Authorities recommend the
following precautionary principle:
"If measures generally reducing
exposure can be taken at reasonable expense and with reasonable consequences in
all other respects, an effort should be made to reduce fields radically
deviating from what could be deemed normal in the environment concerned.
Where new electrical installations and buildings are concerned, efforts should
be made already at the planning stage to design and position them in such a way
that exposure is limited.
The overriding purpose of the precautionary principle is eventually to reduce
exposure to magnetic fields in our surroundings, so as to reduce the risk of
injury to human beings."
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ªs‚¤—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÍAi”’l‚É‚æ‚éŒÀ“x’l‚ÌÝ’è‚Í–³‚Aj‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚ÅA‡—“I‚Ȭ‰Ê‚𓾂é‚ׂAˆê”Ê“I‚¾‚Æ”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚郌ƒxƒ‹‚Ì’á“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Ì•ûô‚ðs‚¤B@‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŽïŽ|‚Å‚ ‚éB
They go on to
look at what could be deemed to be normal magnetic field levels.
The median values for homes and day nurseries is given as 100nT (0.1 µT) in
major towns and cities, and below 50nT in smaller towns and rural areas.
ˆê’[“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚Ì•½‹Ïi’†‰›’lj’l‚ÍA‰Æ‰®‚âƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚Å‚ÍAŽå—v‚È“sŽs‚Å‚Í0.1ƒÊTA’¬‚⑺—Ž’nˆæ‚Å‚Í0.05ƒÊT‚Å‚ ‚éB
They reiterated the policy that new
schools, day-care centers and play groups should not be located in areas where
ambient power-frequency magnetic fields are above 200nanoTesla (0.2microTesla).
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍV‹K‚ÌŠwZAƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚âZ’ë‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ª–ñ0.2ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚éꊂɂÍÝ’u‚µ‚Ä‚Í‚È‚ç‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ûj‚ªŒJ‚è•Ô‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B
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uŒJ‚è•Ô‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½v‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚¢‚ÂA‚¾‚ꂪA‚ǂ̂悤‚È–@‹K§‚⊯’¡‚̺–¾‚È‚Ç‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©A–¾Šm‚ÈŽ‘—¿‚ª‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚µ‚©‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
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PowerWatch‚É–â‚¢‡‚킹‚̃[ƒ‹‚ð“ü‚ꂽ‚ªAuŒÃ‚¢‚±‚Æ‚È‚Ì‚Å–¾Šm‚È‹L‰¯‚ÆŽ‘—¿‚Í‚È‚¢v‚Ƃ̉ñ“š‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
uƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌMicro Wave News‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ª‚ ‚év‚Æ‹³‚¦‚Ä‚‚ꂽB
PowerWatch‚Ìî•ñ‚ÍA“ú–{‚Ì“dŽ¥”gŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚鎷•MŽÒ“™‚Ìî•ñŒ¹‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚é‚Ì‚ÅA2000”NˆÈ~‚Ì“ú–{‚Ì’˜ì‚âƒTƒCƒg‚Ìî•ñŒ¹‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‚±‚ÌPowerWatch‚̉ðà‚ÌuƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍV‹K‚ÌŠwZAƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚âZ’ë‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ª–ñ0.2ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚éꊂɂÍÝ’u‚µ‚Ä‚Í‚È‚ç‚È‚¢v‚Æ‚¢‚¤•”•ª‚¾‚¯‚ª”²‚«Žæ‚ç‚ê‚ÄA—˜—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
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•¶‘‚Íhttp://www.elc.uvic.ca/projects/2005-01/PowerLineEMFExposure.pdf @‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
uRegulating Power Line EMF Exposure:International
Precedents
Prepared
by Nadine Wu
Clinical
Student, Environmental Law Clinic, Faculty of Law, University of Victoria
For
Tsawwassen Residents Against Higher Voltage Overhead Lines (TRAHVOL)
April
22, 2005 v
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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Sweden:
In 1992 the Department of Electrical Safety of the National Board for
Industrial and Technical Development stated that Sweden would soon set exposure
standards for new homes near power lines, and for all new electrical
facilities, and that these standards might require average annual exposures to
be in the neighborhood of 2 mG.
1992”N‚ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌNESBi“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡j‚ÍA‹ßX‚ÉA‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚·‚éVÝ‚ÌZ‹‚ÆVÝ‚Ì“d—ÍÝ”õ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‹K’è‚ðÝ’è‚·‚é—\’è‚ÅA‚»‚Ì‹K’è’l‚Í”N•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚Æ‚µ‚Ä2mG‹ß–T‚É‚È‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
This came after an announcement by the
National Board for Industrial and Technical Development that they intended to
henceforth gact on the assumption that there is a connection between
exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and cancer, in particular childhood
cancer.h
In addition, Swedish regulators have declared that they
will propose a ban on the construction of houses within 330 feet of
high-voltage lines. (This ban is now in effect.) i15j
‰Á‚¦‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‹K§“–‹Ç‚ÍA‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚ç330ƒtƒB[ƒgi’F–ñ100‚jˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‹‚ÌŒšÝ‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð’ñˆÄ‚·‚é‚ÆAŒ¾–¾‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì‹ÖŽ~‚ÍŒ»Ý‚à—LŒø‚Å‚ ‚éBˆø—pŒ³F15
On September 30, 1992, officials of Sweden's National Board for Industrial and
Technical Development formally announced that they intended henceforth to
"act on the assumption that there is a connection between exposure to
power frequency magnetic fields and cancer, in particular childhood
cancer." Sweden became the first country to adopt, from a scientific
viewpoint, the principle of prudent avoidance and prohibits high voltage
power-lines near schools, residential areas, hospitals and daycare centers.
In 1998,
Swedenfs Environmental Code (1998:808) contained a provision which adopted a
general precautionary principle with regard to ionizing and non-ionizing
radiation. i16j
An advisory limit of 0.2ƒÊT was
introduced. i17j
1998”NƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Í“d—£•úŽËüE”ñ“d—£•úŽËü‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆê”Ê“I‚È—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ðŠÜ‚ފ‹«‹K’è‚ðÌ—p‚µ‚½Bˆø—pŒ³F16
Š©’l‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒÀ“x’l0.2ƒÊT‚ª“±“ü‚³‚ꂽB@ˆø—pŒ³G17
––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚Æ‚ ‚éB
ˆø—pŒ³15‚Æ‚ ‚éî•ñŒ¹‚ÍAˆÈ‰º‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ ‚éB
15@Power
Line Task Force, gWorld EMF Strugglesh, online: Power Line Task Force
<www.powerlinefacts.com/power%20line%20resistence%20worldwide.htm>.
(gPLTFh)
‚±‚̈ӌ©‘‚ÌŒ³ƒlƒ^‚ÍPower Line Task Force‚Æ‚¢‚¤Žs–¯‰^“®‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ ‚邪A‚à‚¤•Â½‚³‚ꂽ‚炵‚A2013”N1ŒŽ‚ÌŽž“_‚Å‚ÍŠJ‚¯‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
http://www.Powerlinefacts.com/@‚Æ‚¢‚¤Top•Å‚àŠJ‚‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚±‚̃TƒCƒg‚͈ȉº‚̂悤‚É“ú–{‚Ì“dŽ¥”gŠÖ˜A‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚àЉ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Power
Line Task ForceuPower Line Health Factsv
“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚él‘̂ւ̉e‹¿‚Ì•ñ“¹‚ÆA“d—ÍŽ{Ý‚ÌŒšÝ‚É’ñŒ¾‚ðs‚¤•Ä‘‚Ì’c‘ÌuPower Line Task Forcev‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚·B
uEMFv‚̃R[ƒi[‚É‚ÍA2000”NˆÈ~‚É”•\‚³‚ꂽ“dŽ¥”gŒ¤‹†‚Ì’mŒ©‚ÆÅVî•ñ‚ðŒfÚ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
u1992”N‚ÉNESB‚Í2mG‚Å‚Ì‹K§‚ðs‚¤—\’èv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹Lq‚ͳ‚µ‚¢B—\’è‚Å‚ ‚Á‚ÄAŒ‹‰Ê‚Í‚»‚¤‚È‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
15‚̈ø—pæ‚©‚ç‚Ì“]‹L‚Åu‘—“dü‚©‚ç330ƒtƒB[ƒgˆÈ“à‚ÉZ‹ŒšÝ‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð’ñˆÄ‚·‚é—\’èv‚Æ‹Lq‚µA‚»‚ÌŒã‚Éu‚±‚Ì‹ÖŽ~‚ÍŒ»Ý—LŒø‚Å‚ ‚év‚Æ‹Lq‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚±‚Ì‹Lq‚̈ø—pŒ³‚̓TƒCƒg‚ª•Â½‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èAŠJ‚¯‚È‚¢BŠm”F‚à‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B‚±‚êˆÈãAŒ³ƒlƒ^‚É‘k‹y‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
u***mv‚Æ‹——£‚ð‹ï‘Ì“I‚È”’l‚Å–¾Ž¦‚µ‚ÄŒšÝ‚Ì‹ÖŽ~‚ÉŒ¾‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÍA‰¬–ìW–ç‚Ì–{‚ÆA‚±‚̃Jƒiƒ_‚Ì•ñ‘‚¾‚¯‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŠÖ˜A‚µ‚»‚¤‚ȃL[ƒ[ƒh‚Ńlƒbƒg‚ðŒŸõ‚µ‚½‚ªA‚±‚êˆÈã‚Ìî•ñ‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
uŠ©’l‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒÀ“x’l0.2ƒÊT‚ª“±“ü‚³‚ꂽBˆø—pŒ³F17v‚ÍHenshaw‚Ì‹Lq‚ªŠî‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
HenshawŽ‚ªƒCƒMƒŠƒX‚ÌNRPB‚É’ño‚µ‚½‹KŠi‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒRƒƒ“ƒg‚ªˆø—pŒ³G17‚Ì•¶‘‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ì17‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ÅAŽŸ€‚ʼnðà‚·‚éB
3DHenshowŽ‚ÌuNRPB‚Ö‚Ì’ñˆÄ•¶‘v
17‚̈ø—pŒ³‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½•¶‘‚ÍA
http://www.electric-fields.bris.ac.uk/dlhcomments.pdf
‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½ƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÅA
uNRPB Consultation Document
Issued
1 May 2003
Proposals
for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0 – 300
GHz)
Comments
from Professor Denis L Henshawv‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚̃Rƒƒ“ƒg‚Ì’†‚ÉAˆÈ‰º‚Ì’Z‚¢•¶Í‚ÅA
uThus, in 1998, Sweden introduced an advisory
limit of 0.2ƒÊT. Similarly, in 1999, Switzerland introduced
a regulatory 1ƒÊT limit.v‚Æ‚ ‚éB
u1998”NAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ª0.2ƒÊT‚ðŠ©’l‚Æ‚µ‚½v‚Æ‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì1ŽŸî•ñ‚𓾂邽‚ß‚ÉAƒƒ‹ƒAƒh‚ð’T‚µo‚µ‚Ä’¼ÚHenshawŽ‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ðo‚µ‚½B
HenshowŽ‚©‚ç•ÔM‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
u‘ÞEŽž‚É‘—Þ‚ðˆ•ª‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ÅA¡‚͎茳‚É‚È‚¢BƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì•úŽËü‹K§ŠÖŒWŽÒ‚ÌSSI‚ÌŠÖŒWŽÒ‚ªŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚ÆBv‚Æ‚¢‚¤“à—e‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚»‚±‚ŃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌSSI‚É’¼Úƒ[ƒ‹‚ð‚¾‚µ‚½B
u‚±‚Ì1998”N‚ÌŽ‘—¿‚ª—~‚µ‚¢v‚ÆBSSI‚©‚ç‚Ì•ÔM‚ª‚ ‚èAu‚»‚¤‚µ‚½Ž‘—¿‚Í‚È‚¢v@‚ÆB
‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÅA2003”N ‚É‚ÍHenshowŽ‚̎茳‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì1ŽŸŽ‘—¿‚Í‚ ‚Á‚½‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚ªAŒ»Ý‚ł̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“–{‘‚É–â‚¢‡‚킹‚Ä‚àA“üŽè‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
‚±‚±‚Å‚àAŒ³ƒlƒ^‚Ì’T‹‚̃‹[ƒg‚Í‚±‚ê‚Å“r؂ꂽB
Œ»ÝAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍA‘ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì–@‹K§‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Íu0.2ƒÊT‚Ì‹K§’lv‚ÍÌ—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAHenshowŽ‚̎茳‚É‚ ‚Á‚½1ŽŸŽ‘—¿‚ªo‚Ä‚±‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èA‚±‚Ìu1998”NAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ª0.2ƒÊT‚ðŠ©’l‚Æ‚µ‚½v‚Æ‚¢‚¤î•ñ‚àA‰L“Û‚Ý‚É‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
’F’Ç‹L@‚Q‚O‚P‚S|‚P‚Q|‚Q‚T
‚±‚ÌŒ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‚s‚‚‡‚…‚Ž‚†‚…‚Œ‚„‚”Ž‚É–â‚¢‡‚킹‚½‚ªAŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
4DƒUƒ‹ƒcƒuƒ‹ƒO‚̃I[ƒo[ƒtƒFƒ‹ƒh‚Ì2008”Nu‰‰ƒŒƒWƒ‚©‚ç
ˆÈ‰º‚Ìu‰‰ƒŒƒWƒ‚ªŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The Precautionary Approach to Exposure Levels in Different Countries EMF &
Health
A Global Issue London, 8th & 9th September 2008
Gerd Oberfeld
MD Public Health Department, Government of Salzburg
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ƒI[ƒo[ƒtƒFƒ‹ƒh‚̓Uƒ‹ƒcƒuƒ‹ƒO‚ÌŒµ‚µ‚¢“dŽ¥”g‹K’è‚Ì„iŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚̃ŒƒWƒ‚Å‚ÍAŠe‘‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÌŽÀ‘Ô‚ªÐ‰î‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éAƒXƒCƒXAƒCƒ^ƒŠƒAAƒŠƒqƒeƒ“ƒVƒ…ƒ^ƒCƒ“‚»‚µ‚ÄA’nŒ³‚̃Uƒ‹ƒcƒuƒ‹ƒO‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚µ‚©‚µAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÍŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å2mGEEEE‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½‹K’è‚â‘—“dü‚̈ړ]‚È‚Ç‚ªs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAƒI[ƒo[ƒtƒFƒ‹ƒh‚Í‚»‚¤‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚àƒŒƒWƒ‚ÉŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚é‚Í‚¸‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÍAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í2mGEEEE‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½‹K§‚ª‚¨‚±‚È‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢A‚È‚‚Æ‚às‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤î•ñ‚ð“üŽè‚Å‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢@‚±‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚·‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
5DƒJƒiƒ_‚Ì“dŽ¥”g–â‘è‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½2004”N‚Ìî•ñ
http://www.getpurepower.ca/resources/EMFs_schools_playgrounds.pdf@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
ƒTƒCƒg‚ÌŽïŽ|Ggetpurepower.ca and Pure Power Solutions
informs the Canadian public about the hazards of Dirty Electricity and the
benefits of a clean electrical environment.
‚±‚Ì’†‚ÅAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä
–––––––––––––––––––
Early in 1990 The Swedish National Energy Administration (NEA) advised that new
schools, day-care centres and playgrounds not be
located near power lines, "pending further research." Jack Nou, the head of the NEA's department of electrical safety,
recommended that magnetic fields in those areas not exceed 2-3 mG, the threshold for increased childhood cancer risks
indicated by the Wertheimer-Leeper and Savitz studies.
––––––––––––––––––––––@
1990”N‚̉“ªAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚ÍA‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚邪AV‹K‚ÌŠwZEƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^E—V‚Ñê‚Í‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚ÄÝ’u‚µ‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŠ©‚µ‚½B
ˆÀ‘S’¡‚̃`[ƒt‚ÌNouŽ‚Í‚»‚ê‚ç‚Ì’nˆæ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚Í2-3mG‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ð„§‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì’l‚ÍWertheimer-Leeper ‚âSavitz‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅŽ¦‚³‚ꂽ¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚µ‚½’l‚Å‚ ‚éB
’F‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì1994”N ‚Ìî•ñ‚Å‚ ‚낤‚ªAƒJƒiƒ_‚Å‚Í2004”N‚ÌŽž“_‚Å‚àAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‚»‚ÌŒã‚Ìî•ñ‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚È‚¢‚ÅA‚»‚Ì‚Ü‚ÜAu2004”N“–Žž‚ೂµ‚¢ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ»ó‚Å‚ ‚év‚Æ”FŽ¯‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚éB
’F’Ç‹L@‚Q‚O‚P‚S|‚P‚Q|‚Q‚T
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌTagenfeldtŽ‚É–â‚¢‡‚킹‚½‚ªA‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚ÍŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
6DƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚Ì“d—Í’¡‚Ì1996”N•ñ‘‚É‚ ‚Á‚½ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ìó‹µ
‹LF2013|2|24
Bonneville
Power Administration@1996”N”suElectrical and Biological Effects of
Transmission Line: A Reviewv‚É‚ÍAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‘“à‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‹K§“®Œü‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì󋵂à•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––
Sweden
To date, Sweden has not established national health-based numerical standards
for transmission line EMF.
It appeared that Sweden would adopt such standards following research released
by Feychting and Ahlbom
(1992) that showed increased cancer risks in people living near Swedish
transmission lines.
At that time the Swedish National Electrical Safety Board (SNESB) issued a
statement saying that, "... the Board in the future will act on the
assumption that there is a connection between exposure to power frequency
magnetic fields from power lines and childhood cancer, when preparing
regulation on electrical installations " (SNESB 1992).
The statement also said that the Board was initiating a review that could
result in limits on magnetic fields in the range of 0.2-1.0 ƒÊT
(2-10 mG).
¡“ú‚Ü‚ÅAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Í‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‘‰ÆƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ðŠî‚É‚µ‚½”’l‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚¾‹KŠi‚ð§’肵‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉZ‚ÞlX‚ÉŠà‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒtƒFƒCƒ`ƒ“ƒO‚ƃA[ƒ‹ƒ{ƒ€i1992”Nj‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”•\‚³‚ꂽŒ¤‹†‚ÉŠî‚«AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í‚»‚¤‚µ‚½‹KŠi‚ðÌ—p‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚½B‚»‚ÌŽžAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚ͺ–¾‚ðo‚µ‚½B
‚»‚̺–¾‚É‚ÍA«—ˆA“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚ÍA“d‹CÝ”õ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–@‹K§‚Ì€”õ‚ª®‚Á‚½ŽžA‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™Šà‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉŠÖŒW‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼’è‚ɑ΂·‚é‘Ήž‚ðs‚¤‚‚à‚è‚Å‚ ‚éA‚Ü‚½AŒ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽ¥ŠEƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Æ‚µ‚Ä2-10mG‚ɧŒÀ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒŒƒrƒ…[‚àŽn‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚Æ‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B
In addition to the SNESB, other government agencies involved in decisions on
EMF include the National Board of Occupational Safety and Health; National
Board of Housing, Building and Planning, National Board of Health and Welfare;
and the Radiation Protection Institute.
“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAE‹ÆˆÀ‘SŒ’N’¡EZ‘݌v‰æ’¡EŒ’N•ÛŒ’’¡E•úŽËü–hŒì’¡‚ª“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŒˆ’è‚ÉŽQ‰æ‚µ‚½B
After a review, in 1994 these agencies concluded that, "...knowledge
regarding how weak magnetic fields affect humans is currently insufficient to
set limits.
Suspicion of a connection is however sufficient to recommend caution"
(SNESB 1994).
1994”N‚Ì‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌÈ’¡‚É‚æ‚郌ƒrƒ…[‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚Ç‚Ì’ö“x‚Ì”÷Žã‚³‚É‚·‚ê‚Îl‚ÌŒ’N‚ð–h‚°‚é‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錩Ž¯‚ªA§ŒÀ’l‚ðÝ’è‚·‚é‚É‚ÍAŒ»Ý‚Å‚ÍA•s\•ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŠÖ˜A«‚Ì‹^‚¢‚Í’ˆÓ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚é‚É‚Í\•ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
The Swedish agencies went on to conclude that the guidelines below should be
followed if they can be implemented within reasonable costs:
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌÈ’¡‚ÍA‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚Ì’†‚ÅA“K—p‚ª‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAˆÈ‰º‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ð“K—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÆAŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
EStrive to site power lines and electrical facilities in
such a way that magnetic fields are reduced;
EAvoid building new homes, schools, daycare centers, etc.
in close proximity to existing power lines which have significant magnetic
fields, if alternative sites are available;
EStrive to limit significant fields in
existing homes, schools and workplaces.
E‘—“dü‚Æ“d—ÍÝ”õ‚ÍA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ª’ጸ‚·‚é‚悤‚ÉAÝ’u‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É“w—Í‚·‚éB
E•Ê‚Ìꊂ͓üŽè‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA’˜‚µ‚¢Ž¥ŠE‚Ì‚ ‚錻‘¶‚Ì‘—“dü‚É‹ß‚¢êŠ‚É‚ÍAV‹K‚ÌZ‘îEŠwZEƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^“™‚ÌŒšÝ‚Í”ð‚¯‚éB
EŒ»‘¶‚ÌZ‹EŠwZEEê‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’˜‚µ‚¢Ž¥ŠE‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚é“w—Í‚ð‚·‚éB
In a more recent publication for decision makers, the Swedish agencies
responsible for EMF again rejected the need for limits or other compulsory
restrictions on exposures to EMFiSwedish Agencies 1996).
They also concludedChoweverCthat a certain amount of caution may be
justified with regard to magnetic field exposuresD
‚²‚Å‹ß‚É”s‚³‚ꂽôŒˆ’èŽÒ‚Ö‚Ìo”Å•¨‚É‚ÍAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄÓ”C‚ðŽ‚ÂÈ’¡‚ÍAÄ‚ÑA§ŒÀ’l‚â‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鋧“I‚ȧŒÀ‚Ì•K—v«‚ðA”ے肵‚½i1996”NjB
”Þ‚ç‚ÍA‚µ‚©‚µAŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ ‚é’ö“x‚Ì’ˆÓ‚Í‚à‚Á‚Æ‚à‚È‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
In 1993, the Swedish Trade Union Confederation adopted a program of action
involving magnetic fields in the workplace.
A trade union goal was that workers' exposure does not exceed an average level
of 0.2ƒÊT (2 mG), and that temporary exposures to high
magnetic fields be minimized as much as possible.
1993”N‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̘J“‘g‡‚ÍEê‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE‚ðŠÜ‚Þs“®Œv‰æ‚ð³”F‚µ‚½B
˜J“‘g‡‚̃S[ƒ‹‚ÍAEê‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Í2mG‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆA‚»‚µ‚ÄA‚Ž¥ŠE‚ւ̈ꎞ“I‚È”˜˜I‚͉”\‚ÈŒÀ‚è‚È‚‚·‚邱‚ÆA‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚Í1996”N‚ÌŠ§s‚Å‚ ‚èA‚»‚Ì“–Žž‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ìî•ñ‚ð\•ª‚É”cˆ¬‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‘z’è‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚ÅA“à—e‚ÍM—Š‚Å‚«‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
ˆø—pF1992 Revised assessment of magnetic fields and health
hazard, SNEB
ˆø—pF1994 Magnetic Field-uncertainly regarding health risks
remains, national electrical safety boardfs Govermant
Report 1994, with English Executive Summary.
‚±‚Ì“ñ‚‚à“üŽè‚Å‚«‚ê‚Ηǂ¢‚ªAŒ©‚‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
PowerWatch‚Ìî•ñ‚ÅAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌMicro Wave News‚𒲂ׂ邱‚Æ‚É‚µ‚½B
2003”N‚É”pŠ§‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚ªA‘S‚ẴoƒbƒNƒiƒ“ƒo[‚ªƒTƒCƒg‚ÉŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌMicro Wave NewsiMWNj‚É‚Í—lX‚È“dŽ¥”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ª‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ÍAˆÈ‰º‚ÌMWN‚ÉŒ©‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½B
1DMWN‚ÌSept/Oct
1992‚É‚Í
uOn September30, Sweden's National Board for
Industrial and Technical Development, NUTEK, formally announced that from now
on it "will act on the there is a between exposure to power frequency
magnetic fields and cancer, in particular childhood cancer."v
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ìs•{NUTEK‚ͳŽ®‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð•\–¾‚µ‚½u“d—ÍŽü”g”Ž¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÆŠà‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA“Á‚ɬŽ™Šà‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‘Ήžô‚ðu‚¸‚éBv
‚Æ‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚çAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚Í1993”N‚É“dŽ¥”g‚Ì–hŒì‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŒŸ“¢ŠJŽn‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Å‚ ‚éB
2DMWN‚ÌMay/June
1993‚É‚Í
uBy the end of the year, Swedish officials
will circulate a draft proposal for a national magnetic field exposure limit
for new power lines and substations, according to Stefan Vilia
of Sweden's newly formed National Electrical safety Board.
Villa
said that the board is considering a standard of 2.5 or 10 mG
and is analyzing the costs associated with meeting each of these levels.
If
adopted, the standard would also apply to new residential buildings located
next to existing power lines and substations.v
1993”N––‚Ü‚Å‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚ÍV‘¢‚Ì‘—“dü‚Æ•Ï“dŠ‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒhƒ‰ƒtƒg‹KŠi‚ðŠJŽ¦‚·‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤B
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌV‚½‚É‘gD‚³‚ꂽ‘‰Æ“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡NESB‚ÌViliaŽ‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAˆÀ‘S’¡‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í2.5ƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX‚©‚ç10ƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX‚ÌŒÀ“x’l‚ðl‚¦‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚̊l‚É‚µ‚½ê‡‚É•K—v‚Æ‚È‚éƒRƒXƒg‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚à‚µƒhƒ‰ƒtƒg‚ªÌ—p‚³‚ê‚ê‚ÎAŠù‘¶‚Ì‘—“dü‚â•Ï“dŠ‚É—×Ú‚µ‚ÄV‹K‚ÉŒšÝ‚³‚ê‚éZ‹‚É‚à“K—p‚³‚ê‚éB
3DMWN‚ÌJan/Feb
1994‚É‚Í
uSwedenfs National Electrical Safety Board
(NESB) has pushed back the timetable for action on EMF exposure limits.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌNESB‚Í“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜IŠî€’l‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚és“®—\’è•\‚ð’x‚点‚½B
The
board has released an interim report on possible health risks, but a full
analysis of possible 2, 5 and 10 mG limits—and any
proposed regulations—will not be issued until this spring, according to NESBfs Henric Nilsson in Stockholm.
ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚ÌNESB‚ÌNilsson‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAˆÀ‘S’¡‚ÍŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’†ŠÔ•ñ‘‚ð”s‚µ‚½‚ªA2.5‚â10mG‚ÆŒ¾‚¤ŒÀ“x’l‚â‹K‘¥‚Ì’ñˆÄ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚銮‘S‚ȉðÍ‚ÍA‚±‚Ìt‚Ü‚Å‚É‚Í”s‚³‚ê‚È‚¢‚Å‚ ‚낤A‚ÆB
The
report, published late last year, supports earlier government positions that
embrace prudent avoidance while further research is conducted.
ð”N––‚É”s‚³‚ꂽ’†ŠÔ•ñ‚Å‚ÍA‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†‚ÌŒp‘±‚àŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½‚ªATd‚È‚é‰ñ”ðô‚ðŠÜ‚Þ“–‰‚Ì•{•ûj‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚½B
In particular, the board
reiterates the policy of the National Energy Administration that new schools,
day-care centers and playgrounds should not be located where magnetic fields
are above 2-3 mG. gNESB has not found any reason to
reconsider this recommendation,h the report states.
“Á‚ÉAˆÀ‘S’¡‚ÍV‹K‚ÌŠwZAƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^A—V‚Ñê‚Í2-3mGˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÌꊂɌšÝ‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‘‰ÆƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[’¡‚Ì•ûj‚ðŒJ‚è•Ô‚µq‚ׂĂ¢‚éBˆÀ‘S’¡‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ÆÄl‚·‚é”@‰½‚È‚é——R‚àŒ©‚‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Bv‚ÆB
The interim report, Magnet fält
och Cancer 1993, is available only in Swedish.
Contact: Stefan Villa, Elsäkerhetsverket (NESB), Box 1371, S-11193,
Stockholm, Sweden, (46+8) 453-9700, Fax: (46+8) 453-9710. ’†ŠÔ•ñuMagnet fält och Cancer 1993v‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Ì‚Ý‚ÅANESB‚©‚ç“üŽè‰Â”\B
An overview in English was published by the Swedish power company,
Vattenfall, in its newsletter, E&B Extra (No.4, December 9, 1993). Contact:Rolf Lindgren, Vattenfall Transmission AB, Folkungagatan 20, S-41102, Göteborg,
Sweden, (46+31) 800302, Fax:(46+31) 156651.
‰pŒê‚É‚æ‚éŠT—v‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ‚̃jƒ…[ƒX‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‚ðNESB‚Ɉ˗Š‚µ‚½‚ªAŒÃ‚·‚¬‚ÄA‚·‚®‚É‚Ío‚Ä‚±‚È‚¢@‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ÔM‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
2013”N1ŒŽ8“ú@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì—Fl‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ň˗Š‚µ‚ÄA‚±‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‘‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
‘S•¶ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Å‚ ‚éB‰pŒê‚ÌŠT—v‚à•t‹L‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
“üŽè‚µ‚½PDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ðOCRƒ\ƒtƒg‚ŃeƒLƒXƒg‰»‚µA‚»‚ÌŒã‚É‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂½Œ‹‰ÊA‚±‚Ì1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‘‚É‚Íu”’l‹K§‚ð‚·‚é‚Æ‚©AŠwZ‚ðˆÚ“]‚¹‚æv‚Æ‚Í‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
1“ú‚©‚¯‚ÄA—vŠ‚Ì‚Ý–|–󂵂½B
‚Þ‚µ‚ëAu2-3mG‰º‚É‚ ‚éŠwZ‚̈ÚÝ‚Í‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢AˆÀ‘S’¡‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ðÄl‚·‚é——R‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢BFXŒŸ“¢’†‚Æ‚ ‚év@‚Æ‚ ‚éB
‚Ü‚³‚©AuRelocatev‚̈Ӗ¡‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ðuLocatev‚Æ”½‘΂̈Ӗ¡‚ÉAŒë–󂵂½‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
‚±‚Ì1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‚Ì“à—e‚ÍA•Ê€‚ÉŽ¦‚·i‘æ5Í‚Ì3€ŽQÆjB
4DMWN‚ÌMay/June
1994‚É‚Í
ESweden
is now unlikely to set exposure limits for power frequency magnetic fields,
government officials report.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚Ì’kGƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Í“d—ÍŽü”g”Ž¥ŠE‚É”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚ðݒ肵‚»‚¤‚à‚È‚¢B
EThe
NESB has warned previously that new day-care centers, schools and playgrounds
should not be built where magnetic fields exceed 2-3 mG.
NESB‚Í‚©‚‚ÄA2-3mG‚ð’´‚¦‚鎥ŠE‰º‚É‚ÍV‹K‚̃fƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^EŠwZE—V‚Ñê‚ðŒšÝ‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ÆAŒx‚µ‚½B
ƒ’Gu‚©‚‚ÄcŒx‚µ‚½v‚ƉߋŽ‚ÌŽ–ŽÀ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‹Lq‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚Íd—v‚Å‚ ‚éB„
EThe
informational booklet, released in May by the NESB and three other agencies,
states that uncertainties in current scientific knowledge leave gno basis for
establishing limits.h It was primarily written by the NESBD
î•ñƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚ÍNESB‚Æ‘¼‚Ì3È’¡‚̇“¯‚Å5ŒŽ‚É”s‚³‚ꂽB
‚»‚ê‚É‚ÍAŒ»ó‚̉Ȋw“I‚ÈŒ©Ž¯‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•sŠmŽÀ‚³‚ÍAŒÀ“x’l‚ðÝ’è‚·‚骋’‚ª‚È‚¢‚É‚Æ‚Ç‚Ü‚éA–¾Œ¾‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
EThe
booklet concludes that, since gthe cost of eliminating these possible
[childhood leukemia] cases is very large,h money would be better spent
elsewhere—on reducing the cancer risk from radon, for example, or on cutting
the number of traffic accidents.
Magnetfält och Eventuella Halsorisker Utifrån Vad Vi Vet i Maj 1994 (Magnetic Fields and Possible Health Risks Based
on What We Know as of May 1994) is available from: NESB, PO Box 1371, S-11193
Stockholm, Sweden, (46+8) 453-9700. There is no charge for single copies. An
English translation of the text is also available.
î•ñƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚ÍA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚̉”\«‚𜋎‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì”ï—p‚Í”ñí‚É‘å‚«‚AŽ‘‹à‚Í‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘Îô‚ÉŽg‚Á‚½•û‚ª‚æ‚è—Ç‚¢i‚½‚Æ‚¦‚ÎAƒ‰ƒhƒ“‚É‚æ‚锂ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚̒ጸô‚âAŒð’ÊŽ–ŒÌ‚̒ጸ‚ׂ̈Éj‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ì1994”N5ŒŽ‚̃pƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒguŽ¥ŠE‚ÆŒ’N‰e‹¿A”»‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çv‚ÍNESB‚©‚ç–³—¿‚Å‚à‚炦‚éB
‚±‚Ì1994”N5ŒŽ‚ÌNESB‚̃pƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚͈Èã‚̂悤‚È‚±‚Æ‚©‚çA“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“à—e‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚Ä‚Ý‚é•K—v‚Í‚È‚³‚»‚¤‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ì’²¸‚Ì–Ú“I‚É‚»‚¤î•ñ‚Í‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢A‚Æ‘z’è‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
”O‚ׂ̈ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚©‚猴•¶‚ðŽæ‚èŠñ‚¹‚½Bu‡—“I‚ȑΈv‚ð‘E‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚邾‚¯‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚Ü‚½•Ê‚Ì‹LŽ–‚Æ‚µ‚Ä
EƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̘J“‘g‡LO‚ÍA
uInformational
booklet, Cancer and Magnetic Fields at the Workplace.Eê‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE‚ÆŠàFî•ñƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒgv‚ð”s‚µ‚½B‚±‚Ì’†‚É‚ÍAEê‚Å‚Í‚Q‚GˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Í”ð‚¯‚éEEEE‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ì1994”N ‚Ì”s‚Æ„’肳‚ê‚éƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚ðƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌLO‚Ɉ˗Š‚µ‚½B
‚±‚ÌLO‚Ì•ñ‘‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
“Á‚ÉuEê‚Å‚Í2mGˆÈã‚Í”ð‚¯‚½‚¢v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邾‚¯‚ÅA‚±‚Ì’²¸‚É—L—p‚Èî•ñ‚ÍŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚Í‚¢‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
5DMWN‚ÌJan/Feb
1995‚É‚Í
EThe
Swedish National Electrical Safety Board (NESB) has no plans to recommend EMF
exposure standards in the near future. gI cannot foresee any limits for
long-term exposures to magnetic fields,h Stefan Villa, a senior administrative
officer at the board, told Microwave News in late January.
uƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌNESB‚Í‹ß‚¢«—ˆ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‹K’è‚ðì‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢AŽ¥ŠE‚Ì’·ŽžŠÔ”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒÀ“x’l‚ð—\’m‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢v‚ÆANESB‚ÌŠÄ—Š¯‚ÍMWN‚ÉA1ŒŽ––‚ÉŒê‚Á‚½B
EThe
NESB still favors a policy of prudent avoidance, however, and continues to
advise that day-care centers, schools and playgrounds not be built where
magnetic field levels exceed 2-3 mG.
NESB‚ÍTd‚È‚é‰ñ”ð‚Ìô‚ÉŽ^¬‚·‚邪A‚µ‚©‚µA2-3mG‚ð’´‚¦‚鎥ŠE‰º‚ɃfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^EŠwZE—V‚Ñê‚ðì‚ç‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðƒAƒhƒoƒCƒX‚µ‘±‚¯‚éB
‚Æ‚ ‚éB
1995”N1ŒŽ‚Ì’iŠK‚ÅANESB‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‚à‚µ‚©‚·‚é‚ÆNESB‚ÌŠÄ—Š¯‚ÌŒÂl“IŒ©‰ð‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA2-3mG‚ð’´‚¦‚½êŠ‚Ö‚ÌŠwZ‚È‚Ç‚ÌŒšÝ‚Í”ð‚¯‚é‚ׂ«‚Æl‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
‚±‚ÌMWN‚Å‚ÍA“¯Žž‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ’N•ÛŒ’’¡‚Ì•ñ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä
EA
working group of the Stockholm-based Swedish National Board of Health and
Welfare has found little evidence linking EMFs with cancer, adverse
reproductive outcomes or skin problems.
Released on January 17, the groupfs 257-page
report—Evaluation of the Effects on Health of Electrical and Magnetic
Fields—concluded that neither epidemiological data nor experimental studies on
animals or in vitro support an EMF–cancer connection.
ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚ÌŒ’N•ÛŒ’’¡‚Ìì‹Æ•”‰ï‚ÍA“dŽ¥”g‚ÍŠàA¶B‚ւ̈«‰e‹¿A”畆‚Ì–â‘è‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠmØ‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½‚ÆA”•\‚µ‚½B
257•Å‚Ì•ñ‘‚ÅA1ŒŽ17“ú‚É”•\‚µ‚½B
•ñ‘u“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚Ì•]‰¿v‚͉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚à“®•¨‚â×–EŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚àA“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÆŠà‚ÌŠÂŒ`‚ðŽxŽ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ÆŒ‹˜_‚µ‚½B
1995”N1ŒŽ‚Ì’iŠK‚ÅANESB‚ÆŒ’N•ÛŒ’’¡‚ł͈ӌ©‚Ì‘Šˆá‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
6DMWN‚ÌNov/Dec
1995‚É‚ÍA
EƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì5È’¡‹¤“¯ƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ÆAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‹K§‚ª•K—v‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錟“¢‰ï‚É‚æ‚é•ñ•¶‘‚ÌŠT—v‚àà–¾‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
E”’l‹K§‚ð‚·‚é‚¾‚¯‚̉Ȋw“I‚Ș_‹’‚Í‚È‚¢B‚µ‚©‚µA‰½‚ç‚©‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Ü‚Å–W‚°‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹˜_‚Å‚ ‚éB
Eua
series of interviews, a number of Swedish scientists and regulators commented
that it is practically impossible to site a power line next to a school or a
playground in their country.v
MWN‚Ì•ÒW’·‚ªƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŠÖŒWŽÒ‚ɃCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAuƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍŠwZ‚âZ’ë‚É—×Ú‚µ‚Ä‘—“dü‚ðŒšÝ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÍŒ»ŽÀ“I‚É‚Í•s‰Â”\‚Å‚ ‚év‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒRƒƒ“ƒg‚𓾂Ă¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì•{‹@ŠÖ5È’¡‚Æ‚µ‚ÄANESB‚àŠÜ‚ñ‚¾Œ`‚ÅA“ˆêŒ©‰ðu”’l‹K§‚Ís‚í‚È‚¢A‰Â”\‚Ȕ͈͂őÎô‚ðs‚¤‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒŒƒxƒ‹v‚Ío‚½‚ªAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì’†‚Å‚Íu‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉŠwZ‚Í‘Ê–Úv‚ÆŽå’£‚µ‘±‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚él‚ª‘½‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ªA‚±‚ÌMWN‚©‚ç‚Í‘z‘œ‚Å‚«‚éB
7DMWN‚ÌMarch/April
2003‚É‚Í
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
This
February, Sweden took another step towards extending its EMF precautionary
policies. According to Dr. Kjell Hansson Mild of the
National Institute for Working Life in Umeå, the
government, under orders from parliament, asked the Electrical Safety Agency to
investigate how to reduce magnetic fields higher than 4mG (0.4ƒÊT) from power
lines in residential areas.
That
is, the government is now considering—although somewhat reluctantly, according
to Mild—applying precaution to all existing structures, not just new ones.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í2003”N‚É‹c‰ï‚Ì—v¿‚ð‚¤‚¯‚ÄAs•{‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Å‚Ì4mGˆÈã‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ɑ΂·‚é‘Ήžô‚ðŒŸ“¢‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚½A‚ÆB
MWN‚Í‚±‚̆‚Å”pŠ§‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½‚Ì‚ÅA‚»‚ÌŒã‚Ìî•ñ‚Í•s–¾B
8DMWN‚Æ“¯‚¶•ÒWŽÒ‚ª”s‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½VDT@News‚É‚àŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
VDT@News@1995”N3/4ŒŽ†‚Ì“à—e‚©‚ç‚Ì”²ˆ
––––––––––––––––––––––––
“dŽ¥”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÌŒ¤‹†•ñF
Sweden‚Å95”N1ŒŽ17“ú257•Å‚Ì•ñ‘‚ª”sAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚݂̂ʼnp•¶”Å‚Í‚È‚¢–Í—lA‰p•¶‚Ì´˜^‚Í‚ ‚é–Í—lB
ƒJƒƒŠƒ“ƒXƒJŒ¤‹†Š‚ÌHagenfeldt”ŽŽm“™‚ªŽQ‰æB@“dŽ¥”g‚̶‘̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒ¤‹†B@
‚»‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í@F@
‚Pj“dŽ¥ŠE‚ªˆÙí”DP‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚È‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šm’肵‚½Ø‹’‚͉uŠw’²¸‚©‚ç‚àA“®•¨ŽÀŒ±‚©‚ç‚àAŒ©‚¢‚¾‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚Qj“dŽ¥”g‚ÆŠà‚ÌŠÖŒW‚àAŠÖŒW‚ð‘S–Ê“I‚ɔے肷‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚ªA@Œ»‘¶‚·‚éƒf[ƒ^‚©‚ç‚ÍŠÖŒW‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B@“™‚È‚Ç‚ÆB
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
1DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŒšÝ’¡1992”NEê“dŽ¥ŠEî•ñƒV[ƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì”’l‹K§’l
’Ç‹LF2013-2-27
ŒšÝ’¡‚Í1990”N‚ÌSWEDACA1991”N‚ÌTCO‚ªVDT‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄALARAŒ´‘¥‚Å“dŽ¥ŠE˜R‰k‚ð‹K§‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ðŽó‚¯‚ÄAEê‚Å‚Ì”z“dü‚È‚Ç‚É‚æ‚鎥ŠE”˜˜I‚ðAEê‚Ì°ã80cm‚ÌŠ‚ÅTCO‚Ì‹K’è”’l‚ð€—p‚µ‚ÄA0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰º‚É‚·‚ׂ«‚ÆA„§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Ì•¶‘‚ð‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂Ă¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅA–|–ó‚̸“xˆ«‚AŒµŠi‚Èî•ñ‚Æ‚Í‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ªA‚È‚‚Æ‚àA‚±‚¤‚µ‚½‹K’è‚ðƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì•{‹@ŠÖ‚ª1992”N‚Ì’iŠK‚ÅAŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ÌŒšÝ’¡‚Í1993”N‘ã‚É‘¼‚ÌÈ’¡‚É‹zŽû‚³‚ê‚ÄAÁ–Å‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
]‚Á‚ÄA‚»‚ÌŒã‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì4È’¡E5È’¡‹¤“¯‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠEƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚É‚ÍŠÖ—^‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚炸AŒšÝ’¡‚Ì0.2ƒÊT‹K§’l‚ÍŽ€‚ñ‚¾’l‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
ˆÈ‰ºA•Žš‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÌŒ´•¶AÔ‚Í‹@ŠB‰p–ó
•¶‘–¼F
Byggnadsstyrelsens informationer@TF134@@1992-12
Magnetfält och elektriska fält i kontorsmiljö
The building board's information@T: 134@@@1992-12
Magnetic field and electrical fields in office environment
1€‚Ì”wŒi‚Ìà–¾‚Ì’†‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹K’è‚ÌЉ‚ ‚éB
‚Ü‚½AALARA‚Ìà–¾‚Ì’†‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹Lq‚ª‚ ‚éB
I ett remissyttrande rekommenderar Statshälsan att Byggnadsstyrelsen inför riktvärden för begränsning av elektriska och magnetiska fältnivåer i nya byggnader.
De rekommenderade nivåerna
(10 V/m ELF och 0.2 microT
ELF) bedöms vara möjliga att uppnå
till skälig kostnad om lågspänningsnätet utförs i femledar system med övervakning och kablar i och
nära arbetsrum har skärmat utförande.
In one referral statement recommends
the government health that Board of Building before aiming values for
restriction of electrical and magnetic field levels in new buildings.
The recommended levels (10 V/m ELF and 0.2microT ELF) is assessed be possible
to achieve to legitimate cost if the flame excitement net is carried out in
five boredoms systems with monitoring and cables in and near office has islet
food execution.
Rekommenderade värden på fält från
bildskärmar:
Sedan 1987 tillämpas i
Sverige en frivillig provning av bildskärmar, Vid upphandling av bildskärmar för bl.a. statliga
verk och myndigheter tillaämpar Stats-kontoret de rekommenderade värden för elektriska
och magnetiska fält som mäts
enligt en mätnorm utgiven av Styrelsen för teknisk
ackreditering, Swedac.
För bildskärmar som mäts enligt
denna norm har Swedac (1990) och TCO (1991) publicerat följande rekommenderade värden.
Recommended values on fields from
monitors:
Since 1987 is applied in Sweden one voluntary provning
of monitors, wide purchasing of monitors for bl.a.
State agencies and authorities apply Stats-the office they recommended values
for electrical and magnetic fields that are measured according to it mätnorm given of the board for technical accreditation, Swedac.
For monitors that is measured according to this standard has Swedac (1990) and Confederation of Professional Employees
(1991) the published following recommended host.
TCO‚Ì‹K’è@“dŠE@5-2000Hz @30cm‚Å10V/m
Ž¥ŠE@5-2000Hz @30cm‚Å0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰º@‚È‚Ç‚Ì”’l‚ªÐ‰î‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Rekommenderade värden på fält från
lysrörsarmaturerF
I NUTEK:s programkrav för kontor och korridorbelysning
(1992) anges förutom de krav som gäller
synförutsattningar även krav på att
belysningsarmaturer inte
ska avge elektriska och magnetiska fält över de värden
som anges i Swedac:s rekommendationer.
I kraven anges även att man bör
"sträva efter att ytterligare begränsa fälten".
Recommended values on fields from
fluorescent light armatures:
In Swedish Business Development Agency: s programme
requirement pursues offices and corridor illustration (1992) to be stated apart
from the requirements that applies synförutsattningar
also requirements on that illustration armatures will not give electrical and
magnetic fields over the values that to be stated in Swedac:
s recommendations.
In the requirements is stated also that one should gstrive after that
additional limit the fields ".
För nybyggnader bör därmed magnetfälten
begränsas enligt ALARA-principen.
Lågspänningsnätets utförande
i femledarsystem med övervakning medför att de fältnivåer som rekommenderas av Stats-hälsan kan underskridas.
Detta innebär att installationer inte bör avge magnetisk
fältstyrka över 0.2microT
RMS (micro Tesla effektivvärde, 5-2000 Hz).
Angiven nivå registreras vid arbetsplatsen 0,8
meter över golv.
For new buildings should thereby the
magnet fields be limited according to ALARA-principen.
The flame excitement net's carrying out in femledarsystem
with monitoring means that the field levels that to be recommended of Stats-
the health can be less than.
This means that installationer should not give
magnetic field strength over 0.2microT RMS (micro Tesla effective value, 5-2000
Hz).
Stated level is registered the wide workplace 0.8 metres
over floors.
‹@ŠB‰p–󂪂¤‚Ü‚s‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA“ú–{Œê‚Ö‚Ì–|–ó‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
1AD1993”N‚ÌSSIƒjƒ…[ƒX
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SSI‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚Í‚±‚̌¢ƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚炸ASSI‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚Å’ñ‹Ÿ‚ðˆË—Š‚µ‚½B“üŽè‚µ‚½B
SSIƒjƒ…[ƒX1993”N‚Å”»‚Á‚½‚±‚ÆF
ESSI‚Í1993”N1ŒŽ‚ɺ–¾‚ðo‚µ‚½B
E‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Æ”‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ͳ’m‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A‚»‚ê‚ð”Û’è‚·‚錤‹†‚à‚ ‚éB
ESSI‚̈ӌ©‚ÍA‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚̘g“à‚Å“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ð’ጸ‚·‚éŽè’i‚𓥂ނ±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
V‹K‚ÌÝ”õ‚â‘—“dü‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAd‘å‚È•s•Ö‚³‚â”ï—p‚ª”¶‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎA’á“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÌŽ{ô‚ðs‚¤B
Šù‘¶‚ÌÝ”õ‚âZ‹‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA’èí“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Ì10”{‚ð’´‚¦‚éꇂɂÍA‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚͈̔͂ʼn”\‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA’á“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÌŽ{ô‚ðs‚¤B
2DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‘‰ï‚ł̘_‹c1992/1993
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Motion
1992/93: N402
Safety
around the magnetic fields at power lines
NUTEK,
the regulatory authority has now realized and accepted the link between
exposure to power-frequency fields and cancer. They recommend a precautionary
approach, pending more research. This means that focused children's activities
such as schools, kindergartens and playgrounds should not be placed very close
to power lines.
The distance should be such that the magnetic
field from the power line has fallen to 0.2 - 0.3 microTesla.
Protection limit should be
set at a maximum of 0.1 microTesla.
Requests
With reference
to the cited hemställs
First
the parliament to the government requests that NUTEK is asked to introduce
protection for construction along power lines in accordance with the motion
stated,
2nd
the parliament's opinion, the government announced what the motion forward for
research on magnetic fields.
Stockholm
January 14, 1993 Rune Evensson (s) Ingvar Johnsson (s) Britt Bohlin (s) Lena Klevenås
(s)
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–hŒì’l‚ÍÅ‘å0.1ƒÊT‚É‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤“®‹c‚ª‚¾‚³‚ꂽB
–––––––––––––––––––––
Motion
1992/93: N403
Act
strong magnetic fields
We
believe therefore that a law should be enacted as regards maximum levels for
the strong magnetic fields may be indoors.
Requests
With
reference to the cited hemställs
The
parliament's opinion, the government announced what
the motion stated on research and legislation relating to electromagnetic
radiation.
Stockholm
January 15, 1993 Ingbritt Irhammar
(c) Gunhild Bolander (c)
–––––––––––––––––––––––
ő厥ŠE”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–@§’è‚ð‹‚ß‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤“®‹c‚ªo‚³‚ꂽB
––––––––––––––––––––––––
Motioni“®‹cj 1992/93: N406
New guidelines for the placement of power lines
Sometimes
the figure of 0.1 micro tesla mentioned that threshold.
Requests
With
reference to the cited hemställsF
The
parliament to the government requests that the relevant authority is asked to
establish maximum proximity between homes / workplaces and electrical
installations by magnetic fields size.
Stockholm
January 14, 1993 Christina Linderholm (c) Tage Påhlsson (c)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì‹K§’l‚ðÝ’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‹‚ß‚éAꇂɂæ‚Á‚Ä‚Í0.1ƒÊT‚Æ‚¢‚¤“®‹c‚ªo‚³‚ꂽB
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì“®‹c‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‘‰ï‚̈ψõ‰ï‚Å‚ÌR‹cŒ‹‰Ê‚Í
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Industry
Committee report 1993/94: NU1@ŽY‹ÆˆÏˆõ‰ï‚Ì‹cŒˆ‹cŽ–˜^‚©‚ç
Health
risks from power lines, etc.
Requests
The
Committee is requesting
First
regarding health risks of power lines that parliament rejects motions 1992/93: N402, 1992/93: N403, 1992/93: N406 and 1992/93: N440 claims 1 - 4, 6 and 7,
2nd
regarding RCDs that Parliament rejects motion 1992/93: N411.
Stockholm
October 12, 1993
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ã‚ÉЉ‚½3‚‚̓®‹c‚Í‘S‚Ĉψõ‰ï‚Ŕیˆ‚³‚ê‚ÄA–{‰ï‹c‚ɉñ•t‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAŒµ‚µ‚¢“dŽ¥”g‹K§‚ð–]‚Þ‘‰ï‹cˆõ‚ª‚¢‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Å‚ ‚邪A‘‰ï‚Å‚ÌÌ‘ð‚É‚ÍŽŠ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‘¼‚É‚à—ÞŽ—‚Ì“®‹c‚ªo‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚ªAƒlƒbƒg‚ÌŒŸõ‚ÅŒ©‚‚©‚Á‚½—á‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAã‹L‚Ì—á‚ðã‚°‚½B
3D1993”N‚ÌNESB’†ŠÔ•ñ‘
2013”N1ŒŽ9“ú@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì—Fl‚©‚ç1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‘‚ª“Í‚¢‚½B
PDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ðOCR‚ŃeƒLƒXƒg‰»A1“ú‚©‚¯‚ÄA—vŠ‚Ì‚Ý‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂½Œ‹‰ÊA‚±‚Ì1993”N‚Ì•ñ‘‚É‚Í”’l‹K§‚ð‚·‚é‚Æ‚©AŠwZ‚ðˆÚ“]‚¹‚æ@‚Æ‚Í‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚Þ‚µ‚ëAu2-3mG‰º‚É‚ ‚éŠwZ‚̈ÚÝ‚Í‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢AˆÀ‘S’¡‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ðÄl‚·‚é——R‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢BFXŒŸ“¢’†‚Æ‚ ‚év@‚Æ‚ ‚éB
‚Ü‚³‚©ARelocate‚̈Ӗ¡‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ðLocate‚Æ”½‘΂̈Ӗ¡‚ÉAŒë–󂵂½‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
ˆÈ‰º@•‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÌŒ´•¶@—΂ÆÔ‚Í‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂½‚à‚Ì
–––––––––––––––––––––––
ELSAKERHETSVERKET@@MAGNETFALT
OCH CANCER 1993
ELSAKERHETSVERKET@@ MAGNETIC FIELD AND CANCER 1993
Stockholm
1 November 1993
Lars ljung
Stefan
Vlla
1DSAMMANFATTNING
SUMMARY
Rapporten utgör en kortfattad
redogörelse av forskningsläget
rörande eventuella samband mellan främst magnetiska fälts effekter på människans hälsa
samt Elsäkerhetsverkets arbete inom detta
område. Inom Elsäkerhetsverket
pågår för närvarande en utredning
av hälsoeffekterna samt de tekniska och ekonomiska
konsekvenserna av en eventuell reglering av magnetfälten från kraftledningar och transformatorstationer för att få en
uppfattning om vad det skulle innebära för samhället i
övrigt. Denna rapport får därför ses som
en delrapport.
The report constitutes a brief report of the research situation
concerning possible connections between mainly magnetic fields' effects on the
people's health and Swedish National Electrical Safety Board's work within this
area. Within Swedish National Electrical Safety Board, the technical and
economic consequences of a possible regulation of the magnet fields are taking
place currently an investigation of the health effects and they from power
managements and transformer stations in order to few a view about what it would
mean for the society in other respect. This report may therefore be seen as a
part report.
Elsäkerhetsverket har med stöd
av verkets samrådsgrupp för elektriska och magnetiska fält följt utvecklingen
inom forskningen kring eventuella hälsorisker orsakade av kraftfrekventa elektriska och magnetiska fält. Under senare år har väsentligen
magnetfältens eventuella samband med cancer stått i fokusD
Swedish National Electrical Safety Board has with the support of
the agency's consultation group stem electrical and magnetic fields the
followed development within the research around possible health risks caused of
power frequent electrical and magnetic fields. In recent year has mainly magnet
field even possible connections with cancer to stand in focus.
Elsäkerhetsverkets lägesbedömning
Swedish National Electrical Safety Board's situation assessment
Med utgångspunkt från de forskningsresultat som Framkommit sedan frågan om hälsorisker vid exponering för kraftfrekventa elektriska och magnetiska fält aktualliserades, gör Elsäkerhetsverket följande bedömningD
With starting point from those research results as arrived since
the question about health risks wide exposure for power frequent electrical and
magnetic fields aktualliserades, Swedish National
Electrical Safety Board do the following assessment
Elsäkerhetsverket konstaterar att
några negativa hälsoeffekter vid exponering för kraftfrekventa electriska fält med styrka upp till några tiotal kV/m hittills ej har
kunnat beläggas.
Swedish National Electrical Safety Board establishes that some
negative health effects wide exposure for power frequent electric fields with
strength up to some ten kV/m so far has not can be borne out(— •t‚¯‚é).
I foregående rapport till regeringen,
Sammanställd av statens energiverk, konstaterades att några negativa
hälsoeffekter vid exponering
för kraftfrekventa magnetiska fält med en upp till ca 50 ƒÊT hittills ej
kunnat beläggas. Hypotesen om ett samband mellan cancer och magnetfält kunde varken forastas
eller antas. Det framhölls att ytterligare
forskningsresultat erfordrades.
In preceded report to the government, put together of the
State's energy agencies, was established that some negative health effects wide
exposure for force frequent magnetic fields with it up to approximately 50 ƒÊT so far not can be borne out (— •t‚¯‚é). The hypothesis about a
connection average cancer and magnet field could neither load pc carcasses or
is assumed. It was stressed that further research result was required.
I avvaktan på ytterligare
forskningsresultat ansåg statens energiverk att det,med anledning
av den oro en del människor kände, fanns anledning att tillämpa en
försiktighetsstrategi. Verket
framhöll att man i avvaktan på
ytterligare forskningsresultat
ej borde förläggai= relocatej nya koncentrerade barnaktiviteter t
ex skolor, daghem och lekplatser så nära kraftledningar
att magnetfältet översteg 0.2-0.3ƒÊT. Elsäkerhetsverket
har ej funnit
skäl att ompröva denna rekommendation.
Awaiting further research result, the State's energy agencies
considered that it, in connection with that dread (‹°‚ê‚é) a part people known, reason was to
apply a caution strategy. The agency stressed that one awaiting further
research result should not relocate new concentrated child activities for
example schools, day nurseries and playgrounds so near force managements that
the magnet field exceeded 0.2-0.3ƒÊT. Swedish National Electrical Safety Board
have not found reasons to review ireconsiderjthis recommendation.
‚±‚Ì1ß‚Í‹É‚ß‚Äd—v‚Å‚ ‚邪A‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚Ì‚½‚ß‚©AˆÓ–¡‚ª‚Æ‚è‚É‚‚¢B
‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚©‚çA‘z‘œ‚ð“ü‚ê‚È‚ª‚ç“ú–{Œê–ó‚·‚é‚Æ
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‘‰Æ“d—Í’¡‚ÍA¡Œã‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‘Ò‚¿AlX‚ª’m‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‹°•|‚Æ‚àŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ÄA—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðl‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éB
u¡Œã‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ð‘҂‚ªAV‹K‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŠˆ“®’†SiŠwZ‚âƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^A—V‚Ñê‚È‚Ç‚Å“d—ÍÝ”õ‚Ì‹ß‚‚É‚ ‚èA0.2-0.3ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éj‚̈ÚÝ‚Í‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢v‚ÆŒ¾‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðˆÀ‘S’¡‚Í‹’²‚µ‚½B
“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚Å‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ðÄl‚·‚é——R‚ªŒ©‚‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚Æ‚È‚éB
‚±‚Ì‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚ÅAd—v‚È‚Ì‚Íurelocatev‚Æureview ireconsiderjv‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“l‚Å‹KŠi‚È‚Ç‚É‚àÚ‚µ‚¢l‚É‚æ‚é‰p–ó”ÅA–|–ó‚ªê–å‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
Translation from Swedish original:
While
awaiting further research results the "Governmental Energy Agency"
came to the conclusion that, because of the worries that some people felt,
there was reason to use a precautious approach.
X‚Ȃ錤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‘҂‚ªA•{‚Ì“d—Í’¡‚͈ȉº‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚𓾂½Bl‚ªŠ´‚¶‚é•sˆÀ‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ðÌ—p‚·‚é——R‚Å‚ ‚éB
The
Agency suggested that until further research results are available new
buildings or areas that are intended for children, like schools, day care
centers and playgrounds, shall not be placed so
close to power lines that the magnetic field strength exceeds 0.2-0.3 ƒÊT.
“d—Í’¡‚ÍX‚Ȃ錤‹†¬‰Ê‚ªo‚é‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŠÔ‚ÍAV‹K‚ÌZ‹EŠwZ‚âƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚â—V‚Ñê‚̂悤‚ÉŽq‹Ÿ‚ª‚¢‚éꊂÍA0.2-0.3ƒÊT‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ð’´‚¦‚é‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚ÄAÝ’u‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
The
National Electrical Safety Board has not found any reason to challenge this recommendation.
NESB‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ð—v‹‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì”@‰½‚È‚é——R‚àŒ©‚‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ì1ß‚Åd—v‚ȃ[ƒh‚Íuplacedv‚Æuchallengev‚Å‚ ‚éB
u“d—Í’¡NESB‚ÍX‚Ȃ錤‹†¬‰Ê‚ªo‚é‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŠÔ‚ÍAV‹K‚ÌZ‹EŠwZ‚âƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚â—V‚Ñê‚̂悤‚ÉŽq‹Ÿ‚ª‚¢‚éꊂÍA0.2-0.3ƒÊT‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ð’´‚¦‚é‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚ÄAÝ’u‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢Bv‚ÆuNESB‚Í‚±‚Ì„§‚ð—v‹‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì”@‰½‚È‚é——R‚àŒ©‚‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢Bv‚ÍAˆÓ–¡‚ª‚«‚¿‚ñ‚Æ’Ê‚¶‚È‚¢B‚Ç‚±‚©–|–ó‚É–â‘肪‚ ‚è‚»‚¤‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒL[ƒ[ƒh‚Æ‚È‚éuförläggav‚̈Ӗ¡‚ðAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÌŽ«‘‚Å’²‚ׂĂ݂½B
http://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/f%C3%B6rl%C3%A4gga@‚ð—˜—p
Svenska
förlägga
1.lägga på fel plats, så
att man därpå har svårt att
hitta föremålet
2.placera,
flytta från en plats till en annan; stationera militära styrkor
Trupperna förlades på olika platser
runt om i landsdelen i väntan på
bättre tider.
3.giva ut trycksak
place
1. put
in the wrong place, so that you then have difficulty finding the object
2.
place, moving from one place to another; stationing military forces
The troops were placed at various locations around
the country in part in anticipation of better times.
3. give
out printed
‚±‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŒêŽ«‘‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAförlägga‚ÍA’Pƒ‚ɉpŒê‚É’u‚«Š·‚¦‚é‚ÆuPlacev‚Å‚ ‚邪A
‚PD•s“KØ‚Èꊂð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½ ƒg•s“KØ‚Èlocasteh misplace„
‚QD‚ ‚éꊂ©‚瑼‚ÌꊂɈړ®‚·‚é@ƒrelocate„@‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚ª‚ ‚éB
‚·‚È‚í‚¿AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Å‚Íu‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ðŒšÝꊂɑI’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í•s“KØ‚È‚Ì‚Å‘I’è‚·‚é‚Èv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Æu‘—“dü‚Ì‹ß‚‚ðŒšÝꊂɑI’肵‚½‚ªAˆÚÝ‚·‚é‚Èv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚É‹æ•Ê‚ª‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ÍA‚à‚¤BEMSJ‚Ì”\—Í‚ð‚Í‚é‚©‚É’´‚¦‚½—̈æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
ê–å‰Æ‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚©A‚±‚Ì1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‘‚Ì쬎҂ªA”@‰½‚È‚éˆÓ–¡‚ðŽ‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚¤‚µ‚½•¶Í‚ð‹Lq‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚©‚ðAŠm”F‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•K—v‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚‚éB
I anslutning till att resultaten från två omfattande svenska epidemiologiska undersökningar presenterades hösten 1992 utfärdade NUTEK ett pressmeddelande av vilket framgår att man I det fortsatta arbetet med foreskrifter for elanläggningar utgår från förutsättningen att ett samband
mellan exponering för kraftfrekventa magnetiska fält och cancer föreligger, främst barn-leukemi. I syfte att kartlägga
konsekvenserna av eventuella
regleringar startades ett antal projekt
i Elsäkerhetsverkets regi. Dessa beräknas vara färdigställda våren 1994.
In connection with that the results from two extensive Swede
epidemiological surveys were presented the autumn 1992 issued Swedish Business
Development Agency one pressure message off what shows that one in the
continued work with load scripts travelled electricity plants is paid from the
condition that a connection average exposure for force frequent magnetic fields
and cancer exists, in front barn-leukemia. In aim to map the consequences of
possible regulations started one numbers projects in Swedish National
Electrical Safety Board's direction. These are calculated be the completed
spring 1994.
–@‹K§‚̉”\«‚ði‚ß‚éˆê•‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚̃ƒ“ƒo[‚Å‚ ‚éNESB‚ÌŽwŽ¦‚Ì‚à‚Æ‚ÅAì‹Æ‚ªŽn‚Ü‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ìì‹Æ‚Í1994”Nt‚ÉI‚í‚éB
I den vetenskapliga världen råder stor enighet
om att ett samband mellan magnetfält och cancer ännu ej är
vetenskapligt belagt samtidigt som det framgår att mistanken
om ett sådant samband har förstärkas.
Bedömningen om hur starka misstankarna är varierar. Eläkerhetsverket
gör med utgångspunkt från hittills presenterade
epidemiologiska undersökningar
följande bedömning avseende misstankarna om samband mellan magnetfält och cancer.
In the scientific world, big unity advices about that a
connection average magnet fields and cancer still is not scientifically borne
out concurrently that it shows that mistaken if such a connections have to be
strengthened. The assessment about how the strong suspicions are varies. Eläkerhetsverket does with starting point from so far
presented epidemiological surveys the following assessment concerning the
suspicions about connections average magnet fields and cancer.
Enligt verkets bedömning är for närvarande framförallt misstanken om ett samband mellan
magnetfält och barnleukemi stark medan misstanken om ett samband mellan magnetfält i yrkesmiljö
och cancer är skälig. Däremot är misstanken om ett samband mellan
magnetfält i boendemiljön och vuxencancer svag.
According to the agency's assessment, travelled is present above all
the suspicion about a connection average magnet fields and barn-leukemia strong
while the suspicion about a connection average magnet fields in trade
environment and cancer are legitimate (‡—“I‚ÈE‡–@‚È).
On the other hand, the suspicion (‹^‚¢) is about a connection average
magnet fields in the residential environment and adult cancer weak.
ˆÀ‘S’¡‚Ì•]‰¿‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAE‹Æ“I‚Ȋ‹«‰º‚Å‚Ì•½‹Ï“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÆŠà‚Ì‹^‚¢‚͇–@“I‚Å‚ ‚邪AŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŠà‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Ì‹^‚¢‚Í‹‚¢B
ˆê•û‚ÅAZŠÂ‹«‰º‚Å‚Ì•½‹Ï“I‚ÈŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ‘ål‚ÌŠà‚Ì‹^‚¢‚ÍŽã‚¢B
Med anledning härav finner Elsäkerhetsverket
det motiverat att tillämpa en försiktighets-strategi
som innebär att åtgärder vidtasCom så kan ske utan
stora olägenheter och kostnaderCför att reducera magnetfälten
vid nybyggnad av elektriska
anläggningar samt att vid nybyggnation av bostäder sträva efter att förlägga dessa sa att magnetfältsexponeringen
begränsas.
Therefore, Swedish National Electrical Safety Board finds the
motivated to apply a caution strategy that means that measures to be taken,
about so can happen without big inconvenience and costs, in order to reduce the
magnet fields wide newly building electrical plants and that wide construction
of new building of rooms rough after relocating these said that the magnet
field exposure to be limited.
]‚Á‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“NESB‚ÍA“dŽ¥ŠE‚ð’ጸ‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA‘å‚«‚È•s•Ö‚³‚â”ï—p‚È‚µ‚É‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAVÝ‚Ì“d—ÍÝ”õŒšÝ‚ÆVÝ‚ÌZ‹‚̈ÚÝŒã‚ÉAŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÍŒÀ’肳‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚Æ‚¢‚¤’ˆÓí—ªiCaution Strategy ‚ ‚éŽí‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚Æ‚àŒ¾‚¦‚éj‚ð“K—p‚·‚éˆÓ‹`‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
‚±‚±‚Å‚à‘O‚Ì€‚ʼnۑè‚É‚È‚Á‚½uFörläggav‚Æ‚¢‚¤•\‹L‚ªo‚Ä‚‚éB
‚±‚±‚ÌꇂÍuˆÚÝv‚Å‚àAuÝ’uv‚Å‚à‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Å‚à‰½‚Æ‚©ˆÓ–¡‚ª’Ê‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Elsäkerhetsverket avser, med beaktande av nya forskningsresultatCatt tillsammans med berörda myndigheter och samrådsgruppen göra en reviderad bedömning
avseende magnetfält och hälsorisker under våren 1994. Nämnda bedömning och underlaget
från konsekvensutredning en kommer att
ligga till grund för fortsatta åtgärder.
EIsäkerhetsverket intends, with regard to new
research results, that along with concerned authorities and the consultation
group to do a revised assessment concerning magnet fields and health risks
during the spring 1994. Mentioned assessment and the basis from consequence
investigation one will lie to shallow for continued measures.
Rapporten har utarbetats av ElsäkerhetsverketDTill sin hjälp har Elsäkerhetsverket
haft en rådgivande samrådsgrupp. Gruppens övergripande uppgift är att biträda
verket i frågor om säkerhet vid exponering för elektriska och magnetiska fält genom att följa
utvecklingenCinitiera erforderlig svensk forskningCutarbeta förslag till föreskrifter om så erfordrasCVara ett rådgivande forum och informera om frågans bedömning. En förteckning
over samrådsgruppens ledamöter
återfinns i bilaga I.
The report has been prepared of Elsäkerhetsverket.
Till your help has Swedish National Electrical Safety Board had an advisory
consultation group. The group's overall information is to support the agency in
questions about security wide exposure for electrical and magnetic fields
through following the development, initiate necessary Swedish research,
proposals prepare to regulations about so to be required, last an advisory
forum and to inform about the question's assessment. A list over the
consultation group's members are found in annex I.
–––––––––––––––––––––––
4. 1993”N12ŒŽƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̘J“‘g‡LO‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠEƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg
uInformational
booklet, Cancer and Magnetic Fields at the Workplace.Eê‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE‚ÆŠàFî•ñƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒgv‚ð”s‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì’†‚É‚ÍAEê‚Å‚Í2mGˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Í”ð‚¯‚éEEEE‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚ðŒ©‚é‚ÆA1992”N‚ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÅASSABi“S|ƒ[ƒJ[j‚É22”N‹Î–±‚µ‚ÄA‹‚¢Ž¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚ÄA”]ŽîᇂɂȂÁ‚½‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‰‚߂Ă̘JДF’è‚ðŽó‚¯‚½‚±‚Æ‚âA‘—“dü‚ƬŽ™Šà‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚à‚ ‚Á‚ÄA˜J‘g‚ÉWG‚ªÝ‚¯‚ç‚ê‚ÄA“dŽ¥ŠE‘Ήž‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚éB
Œ‹‰Ê‚Í
E‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯’á“dŽ¥ŠE‚É
E2mGˆÈ‰º‚ÌEê‚É@@‚ð’ñ¥‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
˜J‘g‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAEêŠÂ‹«‚ð’†S‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½•ñ‘‚È‚Ì‚ÅA‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚ÌŠwZEZ‹EEE‚È‚Ç‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͉½‚àG‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
4AD1994”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œ’N•ÛŒ’’¡‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‘ª’è•ñ‘
ˆÈ‰º‚Ì•ñ‘iƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œêj‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
ˆê•”‚ð‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂Ă݂½B
•ñ‘FSoS-rapport 1994:18
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMagnetfältsmätningar I bostäder och på daghem
Magnet field measurements in rooms and on day
nurseries
”sFSocialstyrelsens
National Board of Health and Welfare's
Conclusions‚Ì’†‚̈ꕔ‚𔲈
E”z“dü‚Ì2‘Š‚É—¬‚ê‚é“d—¬‚Ì•s•½t‚É‚æ‚鎥ŠE”¶‚ªZ‹‚âƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚É‚¨‚¯‚锘˜I‚ÌŽå—v‚ÈŽ¥ŠEŒ¹‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚èA—×Ú‚·‚é“d—ÍÝ”õi‚ˆ³‘—“düj‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
E–ñ5%‚ÌZ‹‚Å0.2ƒÊT‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ð’´‚¦‚éB
‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚Å‚Í—\–hŒ´‘¥EEE‚ÉŒ¾‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
5D1994”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“4È’¡‚Ì‹¤“¯ƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚̃pƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
‘S•¶‚ªƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÅA“üŽè‚µ‚½PDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ðOCR‚ŃeƒLƒXƒg‰»A‚»‚µ‚Ä‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚ðs‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Magnetfält och
Eventuella Hälsorisker utifrån vad vi vet i Maj 1994
Magnet fields and possible health
risks on the basis of what we know in May 1994
Skulle forskningen visaCatt magnetfält verkligen orsakar cancerCSå kommer vi att föreslå de åtgärder som är
rimliga för att få ner
riskernaD
Would the research sensible, that
magnet field actually causes cancer, sow comes we to suggest the measures that
are reasonable in order to few down the risks.
Ž¥ŠE‚ÍŠà‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·AƒŠƒXƒN’ጸ‚ׂ̈ÉA‡—“I‚ȑΉž‚ð„§‚·‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ì4È’¡‡“¯‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ÆŒ’N‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚É‚ÍAuƒŠƒXƒN’ጸ‚ׂ̈ɇ—“I‚ȑΉžv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Í‹Lq‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪AŽ¥ŠE‚ð”’lŒÀ“x’l‚Å‹K§‚·‚é‚Æ‚©A‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚½ŠwZ‚ÌŒšÝ‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚·‚éEEEE‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚Í‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
’Ç‹LF2017|3|5
‚±‚Ì4È’¡‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Ì•\Ž†‚ðˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
‚Ü‚½A‚±‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ÌŒöŽ®‰p–ó•ª‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚½B
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ð•Êƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÅЉ‚éB@@@‚±‚¿‚ç‚É
5A. 1994”N11ŒŽ‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡NESB‚Ì•ñ‘
2000”N ‚É“üŽè‚µ‚½Ž‘—¿‚ª2017”N3ŒŽ‚Éo‚Ä‚«‚½B
ΫԏFElsakerhetsverket Magnetfalt-osakerheten
om halsorisker kvarstar
‰p–ó@Magnetic fields-still uncertainly about health
risks: National Electrical Safety Board report to the Government 1994, 1994-11-01
Œ´’˜‚Ì•\Ž†‚ÆAŒöŽ®‰p–ó‚ð•Êƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÉŽ¦‚·B@@‚±‚¿‚ç‚É
‚±‚Ì’†‚ÅAˆÈ‰º‚Ì‹Lq‚ª‚ ‚éB
‚±‚Ì‹Lq‚ÍA1993”N‚Ì’†ŠÔ•ñ‚Ì’†‚É‚à‚ ‚èA‰ðŽß‚ª”»‘R‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¢@‚Æ‚µ‚½•”•ª‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA‚±‚ÌŒöŽ®‰p–ó‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAˆÓ–¡‚ª–¾Šm‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––––
While awaiting futher results of researchCthe then National Energy Administration (statens energiverk)
felt there was reason to implement a precautionary strategyCgiven the anxiety some people felt.
‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ªo‚é‚Ü‚ÅAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d—Í’¡‚ÍAlX‚ªŠ´‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚é•sˆÀ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA—\–hŒ´‘¥‚̎臂ð“K—p‚·‚é‚ׂ«——R‚ª‚ ‚é‚ÆAl‚¦‚éB
The Authority pointed out that new,concentrated
activities for children such as schooIsCnurseries and playgrounds should not be located so close to power
lines that the magneetic fields in such areas exceeed 0.2|0.3 microT
until further results of research had been publisbedD
“d—Í’¡‚ÍAV‹K‚ÌŠwZE•ÛˆçŠE—V‚Ñê‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½Šˆ“®ƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚ÍA‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ªŠ§s‚³‚ê‚é‚Ü‚Å‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE‚ª0.2]0.3ƒÊ‚s‚ð’´‚¦‚é‘—“dü‚É‹ß‚¢’nˆæ‚ÉŒš‚Ä‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ÆŽw“E‚µ‚½B
i‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i’F“d—Í’¡‚ª‚»‚̂悤‚É–@“I‚É‹K§‚·‚é‚Æ‚ÍŒ¾‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢A‚ƉðŽß‚·‚éBj
The National Electrical Safty Board has found no
reason to reconsider this recommendation for the present.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚ÍAŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚Ì„§‚ðÄŒŸ“¢‚·‚é‚ׂ«——R‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚Ä‚Í‚¢‚È‚¢B
i‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i’F“d‹CˆÀ‘S’¡‚à“d—Í’¡‚ÌŽw“E‚ɇˆÓ‚·‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Æl‚¦‚éBj
–––––––––––––––––––
6DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌWG‚ÌŒŸ“¢Œ‹‰ÊF1995”N‚ÌHardell‚ç‚ÌŠwp˜_•¶
Eur
J Cancer Prev. 1995 Sep;4 Suppl 1:3-107.
Exposure
to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and the risk of malignant
diseases--an evaluation of epidemiological and experimental findings
Hardell
L, Holmberg B, Malker H, Paulsson
LE.
SourceDepartment
of Oncology, Orebro Medical Centre, Sweden
Abstract
Epidemiological
and experimental studies concerning extremely low frequency electromagnetic
field exposure and malignant diseases published up to 1 July 1994 were
evaluated to assess the possible carcinogenicity of electromagnetic fields and
the scientific basis for environmental and occupational standard setting.
’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÆŽîᇂɂæ‚鎀‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA1994”N6ŒŽ1“ú‚Ü‚Å‚ÉŠ§s‚³‚ꂽ‰uŠw‚ÆŽÀŒ±‚É‚æ‚錤‹†‚ðA“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«‚ÆAŠÂ‹«EEê‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I‹K’è‚ðÝ’è‚·‚邽‚߂̉Ȋw“I‚Ș_‹’‚𓾂邽‚ß‚ÉA•]‰¿‚ðs‚Á‚½B
We
concluded that there are possible associations between (i)
an increased risk of leukaemia in children and the existence
of, or distance to, power lines in the vicinity of their residence, (ii) an
increased risk of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and
occupational exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields and (iii) an
increased risk of breast cancer, malignant melanoma of the skin, nervous system
tumours, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphatic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia
and certain occupations.
‰äX‚ÍA‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚éŠÖ˜A«‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŒ‹˜_‚ð‚¾‚µ‚½A1jZ‹‚Ì‹ß‚‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚É‚æ‚鬎™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‘‰Á‚·‚éA2j’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ“I‚È”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é–«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‘‰Á‚·‚é@3j‚ ‚éŽí‚ÌE‹ÆŠÂ‹«‚É‚æ‚é“û‚ª‚ñE”畆‚̈««•FŽîE’†•_ŒoŠàE”ñƒzƒWƒLƒ“ƒŠƒ“ƒpŽîá‡E‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•aA‹}«œ‘«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‘‰Á‚·‚éB
There is no scientific basis for occupational or environmental
standard setting for low frequency electric or magnetic fields.
’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚̶ŠˆŠÂ‹«EE‹Æ”˜˜I‚ÌŠî€Ý’è‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰ÈŠw“I‚Ȫ‹’‚Í‚È‚¢B
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ƬŽ™Šà‚ÌŒ¤‹†”•\‚ð‚¤‚¯‚ÄAŠÖ˜A‚·‚錤‹†‚̃Œƒrƒ…[‚ðs‚¤‚ׂAƒ[ƒNƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ðÝ‚¯‚ÄAŒŸ“¢‚³‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚»‚µ‚Äã‹L‚ÌŠwp˜_•¶‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠ§s‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
˜_•¶‚Ì•M“ªŽ·•MŽÒ‚ÍA2000”N ‚©‚çŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚é”]Žîᇂ̉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚È‚Ç‚ÅA—z«Œ‹‰Êi“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚é‰e‹¿‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½j‚𑽔”•\‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒn[ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒn[ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Í•M“ªŽ·•MŽÒ‚Æ‚µ‚Äu’áŽü”g“dŽ¥”g‚Ì–â‘è‚ÉAŠî€‚ðݒ肵‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚悤‚ȉȊw“I‚Ș_‹’‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚¢v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŽïŽ|‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚ðo‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚É‚àA’–Ú‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚낤B
‚±‚̘_•¶‚Í50ƒ|ƒ“ƒh’ö“x‚Ì—L—¿‚Åw“ü‚͉”\‚Å‚ ‚éB100•Å‚ð‰z‚¦A“Ç‚Þ‚Ì‚ÍŽŠ“ï‚ÆŽv‚¦‚éAŠT—v‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚ÅAÏ‚Ü‚·‚±‚Æ‚É‚µ‚½B
7DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̎Љï•ÛŒ’EŒú¶’¡‚̃[ƒNƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚É‚æ‚é1995”N•ñ‘
uSoS-rapport 1995:1
Elektriska och magnetiska fält och hälsoeffekter
Rapport
från Socialstyrelsens expertgrupp
Electrical and magnetic
fields and health effects
report from National
Board of Health and Welfare's expert groupv
‚ªŠ§s‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Å‘‚©‚ꂽ‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚É‚ÍA2•Å’ö“x‚̉pŒê‚Ì—v–ñ‚ª•t‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì•ÛŒ’EŒú¶’¡‚Ìê–å‰ÆƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ª‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚½‚à‚Ì‚ÅA1994”N‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðƒŒƒrƒ…[‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ì•¶‘‚Ì’†‚É‚ÍA‰p•¶‚ÌŠT—v‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚¾‚¾‚¯‚Å‚ ‚邪A2mG‚Å–@‹K§‚ðs‚¦‚Æ‚©A—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ðEEE‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹Lq‚ÍŒ©“–‚½‚ç‚È‚¢B
8DSSI News 1996”N12ŒŽ†‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹LŽ–‚ª‚ ‚éB
EV‚µ‚¢“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錩‰ð‚ª5È’¡‹¤“¯‚Å”s‚³‚ꂽB
E1993”N‚ÉSSI‚ͺ–¾‚ðo‚µAî•ñ‚ðƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒg‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚Ä—ˆ‚½B
‚±‚Ì“à—e‚ÍSSIƒjƒ…[ƒX1993”N2ŒŽ†‚ÉÚ‚µ‚¢Bi’F‘æ5Í‚Ì1€‚ðŽQÆj
E1995”N‚É“dŽ¥ŠE‚̉uŠw’²¸‚È‚Ç‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚éƒ[ƒLƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ª‚Ü‚Æ‚Ü‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA•M“ª•MŽÒ‚ðHardell‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŠwpŽGŽ‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽi’F‘æ5Í‚Ì6€‚ðŽQÆjB
‚±‚ÌŠwpŽGŽ‚Ö‚Ì•ñ‚ƒljÁ‚Ìî•ñ‚ÅA1995”N10ŒŽAƒ[ƒNƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍV‚µ‚¢”»’èŠî€‚ð”•\‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì”»’èŠî€‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Å‘‚©‚êA‰p•¶‚ÌŠT—v‚à‚‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚½i’F‘æ5Í7€‚ðŽQÆjB
‚±‚Ì”»’èŠî€‚ðŽó‚¯‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚ÍA“dŽ¥”g‚Ì–@‹K§‚Ís‚í‚È‚¢‚ªAí—ª“I‚È’ˆÓ•ûôiStrategy
of Cautionj‚ðs‚¤‚Æ‚µAŠÖ˜A5È’¡‚É‚æ‚éƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ð”s‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
E5È’¡‹¤“¯ƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ÍAôŒˆ’èŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÌŽwj‚Æ‚µ‚Ä”s‚³‚êAŒÀ“x’l‚͊܂܂ꂸA‡—“I‚ɉ”\‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ΓdŽ¥ŠE‚̒ጸ‚ð}‚é‚ׂµA‚Æ‚¢‚¤“à—e‚Å‚ ‚éB1996”N‚É”s‚³‚ꂽi’F‘æ5Í9€‚ðŽQÆjB
9.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“5È’¡‚Ì1996”NƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX
‘‰ÆZ‘îEŒš’zŒv‰æˆÏˆõ‰ïiNational Board of Building, Housing and
PlanningjA‘‰Æ“d‹CˆÀ‘SˆÏˆõ‰ïiSwedish National Electrical Safety
BoardjA‘‰Æ•ÛŒ’E•ŸŽƒˆÏˆõ‰ïiNational Board of Health and WelfarejA•úŽËüˆÀ‘S’¡iSwedish
Radiation Protection Authorityj‚ÉA˜J“ŠÂ‹«’¡iSwedish Work
Environment Authorityj‚ð‰Á‚¦‚½5‚‚̋@ŠÖ‚ª“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŒ’N–â‘è‚ɑ΂·‚éÓ”C‚ð‹¤—L‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
1996”NA5È’¡‚̘A–¼‚Åu’áŽü”g“dŠE‹y‚ÑŽ¥ŠEF‘‰Æ“–‹Ç‚Ì‚½‚߂̃vƒŒƒR[ƒVƒ‡ƒiƒŠ[Œ´‘¥@ˆÓŽuŒˆ’èŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚߂̃KƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒXiLow-Frequency
Electrical and Magnetic Fields: The Precautionary Principle for National
Authorities, guidance for decision-makersjv‚ª”s‚³‚ꂽB
5È’¡‚ÍA’áŽü”g‚Ì“dŠE‹y‚ÑŽ¥ŠE‚ւ̂΂˜I§ŒÀ’l‚ðݒ肵A‚»‚ê‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒx‰ú‚Ìs“®Žwj‚ðŠ©‚·‚邽‚߂̃f[ƒ^‚Í•s\•ª‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ‹˜_‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚éB
uˆê”Ê“I‚ɂ΂˜I‚ð’ጸ‚³‚¹‚é‘Îô‚ðŽè‚²‚ë‚È”ï—p‚ÅŽÀŽ{‚Å‚«A‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‚ ‚ç‚ä‚é“_‚Ň—“I‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAŠÂ‹«‘Îô–ʂųí‚ÆŒ©‚È‚³‚ê‚é’l‚©‚犮‘S‚Ɉí’E‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‚ð’ጸ‚³‚¹‚邽‚߂ɉ½‚ç‚©‚Ì‘Îô‚ðu‚¶‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éBV‹K‚Ì“d‹CÝ”õ‹y‚ÑŒš’z•¨‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚»‚ÌÝŒv‹y‚Ñ”z’u‚ðs‚¤‚½‚ß‚ÌŒv‰æ’iŠK‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ă΂˜I‚ª§ŒÀ‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚ ‚ç‚©‚¶‚ß‘Îô‚ðu‚¶‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éBv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚Ì‚ªƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚Ì“à—e‚Å‚ ‚éB
9ADƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŽGŽGŽChalmer1998”N‚Ì‹LŽ–
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ŽGŽ‚Ì‹LŽ–‚Ì’†‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŒšÝ’¡‚Ì‹K’èiV‹KŒš’z‚Í0.2ƒÊTˆÈ‰ºj‚ªÐ‰î‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
http://www.chalmers.se/HyperText/MagasinChalmers/Magasin498/Magnet.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@‚Q‚O‚P‚R|‚Q|‚Q‚U‚̃ƒO
ˆê•”‚ðˆø—p@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ ‚邪AWEB‰p–󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––@@–––––––––––––––
How dangerous are magnetic fields?
Low-frequency
magnetic field
The American and Swedish studies have done that in
Sweden, already apply a so-called precautionary principle: Can you reduce the
exposure at a reasonable cost should do it.
Since 1992, for example, allows Vasakronan,
former Byggnadsstyrelsen, no levels above 0.2 micro
tesla in new buildings.
1992”N‚©‚çA‚½‚Æ‚¦‚ÎAVasakronaniŒã‚ÌŒšÝ’¡j‚ÍV‹K‚̃rƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“ƒO‚Í0.2ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚éꊂɂ͋–‰Â‚µ‚È‚¢B
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‘›‰¹‚ÍAl‚̶—‹@”\‚ɉe‹¿‚µA‚ŒŒˆ³‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‘å‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
‚QD‹ß”NA‚ˆ³ü‚â“d‹C»•i‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚锂ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚ªŒœ”O‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í\•ª‚ÈŠmØ‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ªA‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å“¾‚ç‚ꂽƒf[ƒ^‚©‚çA‰ßè‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚È‚¢‚悤Œx‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚RDŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚é”]ŽîᇃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‹c˜_‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪A‹K–̬͂‚³‚¢‰uŠw’²¸‚Å‚ÍA”Û’è“I‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
¡ŒãA‚³‚ç‚É’²¸‚ªi‚Þ‚Å‚ ‚낤B
ˆø—p•¶Œ£FThe National Board of Health and Welfare, NBHW's
Customer service, hEnvironmental Health Report 2001 g, Art no. 2001-111-004, 2001
http://www.sos.se/fulltext/111/2001-111-1/summary.htmiƒŠƒ“ƒNØ‚êj
–––––––––––––––––––––
12D2006”N‚ɃA[ƒ‹ƒ{ƒ€‚ª“ú–{‚ł̃Zƒ~ƒi[‚Åu‰‰
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
NICT¶‘Ì“dŽ¥ŠÂ‹«‘ÛƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚É’®u‚Ì‹L
ì¬F@2006-11-10@@
2006”N11ŒŽ8“ú“Œ‹ž‚Ì‘S‘“sŽs‰ïŠÙ‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽ‘ÛƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚ÉŽQ‰Á‚µ‚½B
300–¼Žû—e‚Ì‘åƒz[ƒ‹‚ÉA–žÈA—\”õ‚̈֎q‚ðŽ‚¿o‚·‚Ù‚Ç‚Ì·‹µ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
QFƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÌPrecaution‚ÌŽÀŽ{󋵂ÍH
A (Ahlbom)FŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍASSI‚ªŠ©‚ðo‚µA•s•K—v‚È”˜˜I‚ð”ð‚¯‚é‚ׂµ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA•s•K—v‚È”˜˜I‚ð”ð‚¯‚é‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Íl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒXƒ^ƒ“ƒXB
‘—“dü‚̈ÚÝ‚È‚Ç‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAˆê•”‚ÅA¬‚³‚¢‹K–Í‚Å‚â‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŽÀÑ‚Í‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚Í‚©‚Ȃ賊m‚ÆŽv‚¦‚éB
13DSSIƒjƒ…[ƒX2005”N‚É‚ ‚é1993”N ‚Ìó‹µ
uSSI Rapport@2005:01
Reports from SSI:s@International
Independent@Expert Group on Electromagnetic Fields@2003
and 2004@v‚Ì’†‚É
uFor low frequency fields, the Swedish Radiation
Protection Authority recommended reducing exposures specifically without
providing any recommendation regarding levels. In 1993 the Swedish government,
acting upon the recommendation of the Swedish Electric Board [Villa and Ljung 1993], advocated prudent avoidance. This cautionary
policy, defined as taking measures to reduce magnetic fields in newly built
housing and electrical facilities without great inconvenience or cost, was
formalized in 1996 in a guide for Swedish local officials [National Board of
Occupational Safety and Health, et al. 1996]:
’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ăXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•úŽËü–hŒì’¡‚Í‚¢‚©‚Ȃ鄧‚Ì’l‚ðÝ‚¯‚¸‚ÉA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ð’ጸ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð„§‚µ‚½B
1993”NƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚ð‘ã•\‚µ‚ăXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d‹C’¡‚Íiˆø—p•¶Œ£‚Ì€ŽQÆjATd‚È‚é‰ñ”ðô‚ð’ñˆÄ‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÍV‹K‚ÉŒšÝ‚·‚éZ‹‚â“d—ÍÝ”õ‚Íd‘å‚È•s•Ö‚³‚â”ï—p‚ªŠ|‚©‚ç‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ð’ጸ‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÅAÅI“I‚É‚Í1996”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“5È’¡‚̃KƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA³Ž®‚È‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
ˆø—pFVilla S, Ljung
L. 1993. Magnetic fields and cancer [Swedish]. Stockholm, Sweden: National
Electric and Safety Board.v
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
1993”N‚ÌVilla‚ç‚Ì•¶‘‚Í“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚Ý‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éA‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚éB
‚±‚Ì•¶Œ£‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í‘æ‚TÍ‚R€‚ÅÚׂðq‚ׂ½‚Ì‚ÅAŽQÆ‚Ì‚±‚ÆB
‚±‚ÌVilla‚ç‚Ì•¶Œ£‚ÍA‘¼‚Ì‘½‚‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é˜_•¶‚Ɉø—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
14D2005”N10ŒŽ‚ÌBEMSJ‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“–K–â‹L‚©‚çA
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“–K–â‚Ì‹@‰ï‚ª‚ ‚èAƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚Å‹KŠi§’è‹@ŠÖ‚ÌTCO‚Æ“dŽ¥”g‚Ì‘ª’èŠí»‘¢‰ïŽÐ‚Å‚ ‚éƒRƒ“ƒrƒm[ƒo‚Ƃ̇“¯ˆÓŒ©ŒðŠ·‰ï‚ÌÈã‚Å‚ÍAˆÈ‰º‚̘b‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
–“ú–{‚̃TƒCƒg‚È‚Ç‚É‚ ‚éî•ñi‘æ1Í‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½—á‚ðŽQÆj‚ÍA‘S‚ĉR‚¾A‚Æ‚¢‚Æ‚àŠÈ’P‚ɔے肳‚ꂽB
–‘—“dü‚ÌŒš‚Ä‘Ö‚¦‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA–\•—‰J‚Å‘—“dü‚ª“|‰ó‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ÅAÄŒš‚ÌŽž‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚³‚ꂽꇂª‚ ‚é’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚éB
14AD2005”NƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŽÐ‰ï•ÛŒ’È”s‚Ìî•ñƒV[ƒg
2013”N‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä2005”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŽÐ‰ï•ÛŒ’È”sî•ñƒV[ƒg‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê”łƉpŒê”Å‚ðAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŽÐ‰ï•ÛŒ’È‚©‚ç“üŽè‚µ‚½B
‰pŒê”Å‚ÌPDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚Í‚±‚¿‚ç‚É
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–ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì–@“I‚È50HzŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‹K’è‚Í100ƒÊ‚s‚Å‚ ‚éB
–0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈ‰º‚Ì”˜˜I‚łͬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‰uŠw’²¸‚Å‚í‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
–¬Ž™Šà‚Ȃǂ̃ƒJƒjƒYƒ€‚È‚Ç‚Í•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚éB
–1999”N”Œø‚̊‹«–@“T‚Å‚ÍAƒŠƒXƒN‚͉”\‚ÈŒÀ‚è’á‚‚·‚ׂµ@‚Æ‹K’肵‚Ä‚ ‚éB
‚Æ‚¢‚¤î•ñ‚µ‚©‹K’肵‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
0.4ƒÊ‚s‚ª‚±‚̎Љï•ÛŒ’È‚Ì„§’l‚Å‚ ‚éEEEE‚Ƃ͈êØ‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚µ‚©‚µAŠ¯’¡‚ÌŒÂX‚Ì’S“–ƒx[ƒX‚Å‚ÍAu‰Â”\‚ÈŒÀ‚胊ƒXƒN‚̒ጸ‚̈Ӗ¡‚ÅA0.4ƒÊ‚sˆÈ‰º‚É‚·‚ê‚΃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚¢Bv
‚æ‚Á‚ÄAu‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Í0.4ƒÊ‚s‚É‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð„§‚·‚év‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ûŒü‚ÅA‰ðŽßE‰^—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
15D2010”N9ŒŽƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Ìu‰‰‰ïFƒtƒ‹ƒ‚ƒg‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½ƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹u‰‰˜^
http://www21.ocn.ne.jp/~furumoto/sweden.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
2010”N9ŒŽ10“ú@ƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹”ŽŽm (ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“) u‰‰‰ï
EƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í‚ˆ³“S“ƒ‚ÌŒšÝ‚ÍxŠO‚ɧŒÀ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èA‘—“dü‚Í”Q‚臂킵‚ÄŽ¥ê‹“x‚ð’ጸ‚µ‚Ä‚©‚ç’n‰º‚É–„Ý‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅAŽ¥ê‚Ì‹“x‚Í”ñí‚É’á‚‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
E“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Í‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì•~Ý‚É‚ÍÅ‘åŒÀ‚Ì”z—¶‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚Å‚·B
E‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚甶‚·‚鎥ê‚Ì‹}«‰e‹¿‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍWHO‚ÌŠ©‚É]‚Á‚Ä0.4ƒÊT(4mG)ˆÈ‰º‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚Æ‚¢‚¤“à—e‚ªAu‰‰‰ï‚ÉŽQ‰Á‚µ‚½l‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
3‚‚̕¶Í‚Ì’†‚ÅAʼn‚Ì2•¶‚͈Ӗ¡‚ª”»‚éB
‚µ‚©‚µAÅŒã‚Ì•¶‚͈Ӗ¡‚ª•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚éBuã‚Ì“ñ‚‚̕¶‚É’¼ÚŠÖŒW‚µ‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍWHO‚ÌŠ©‚É]‚Á‚Ä‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚甶‚·‚鎥êiŽ¥ŠEj‚ð0.4ƒÊT‚É–@—¥‚È‚Ç‚Å‹K§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚év‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚È‚Ì‚©Auã‚Ì“ñ‚‚̕¶‚Æ‚Í’¼ÚŠÖŒW‚Í‚È‚AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÍWHO‚ÌŠ©‚É‚ ‚é‚悤‚É‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚甶‚·‚鎥ê‚É‚æ‚éŠà‚È‚Ç‚Ì–«‰e‹¿‚ÌŒÀ“x’l‚Í0.4ƒÊT‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAM‚¶‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éi‚ªAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì–@‹K§‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ís‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢jBv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚È‚Ì‚©AEEEEE
‚±‚Ìu‰‰‰ï‚ÌÚׂÈu‰‰˜^‚ª‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚ǂ̂悤‚È‚±‚Æ‚ðƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚ª˜b‚ð‚µ‚½‚Ì‚©A”»–¾‚·‚邪EEEEE@‚Ç‚¤‚àAu‰‰˜^‚Í쬂³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢–Í—lB
16D2010”N9ŒŽƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Ìu‰‰‰ïFƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Ì“ú–{‚Å‚Ìu‰‰ƒŒƒWƒ‚©‚ç
u‰‰‚̃ŒƒWƒ‚ªƒlƒbƒg‚ÅŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B
‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰ðà‚Í‚±‚̃y[ƒW‚ÅAŽQÆ’l‚Í100ƒÊT‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒÀ“x’l‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚̃ŒƒWƒ‚©‚ç‚̓tƒ‹ƒ‚ƒg‚Ìu‰‰˜^‚É‚ ‚é—l‚Șb‚Í‚¤‚©‚ª‚¢’m‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
17D2010”N9ŒŽƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Ìu‰‰‰ïFƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚Ö‚Ì’¼ÚŽ¿–â
‚»‚±‚ÅAƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹Ž‚̃ƒ‹ƒAƒh‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚½‚Ì‚ÅAŽ¿–â‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚Ý‚½B
Ž¿–â
I
found that you made lecture in Kyoto Japan on Sept 2010 about Electromagnetic
hypersensitivity -- state of the art and the legal situation in Sweden.
2010”N9ŒŽ‚É‹ž“s‚Å“dŽ¥”g‰ß•qÇ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éu‰‰‚ªs‚í‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚ð’m‚è‚Ü‚µ‚½B
Mr. Furumoto one of audience lived in Osaka area made a brief
report on your lecture at Kyoto University. Sure he wrote in Japanese and open
to public via Internet WEB site.
‚±‚Ì‹ž‘å‚Å‚Ìu‰‰‚ÌŠT—v‚ª’®O‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽQ‰Á‚µ‚½ŒÃ–{Ž‚ª“ú–{Œê‚ÅWEB‚ÉŒöŠJ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
I read
his brief report on his WEB, and I found one question.
That
brief report said that 4 mG is the rule in Sweden for
magnetic field strength emitted by High Voltage Power Line based on the
recommendation of WHO.
‚±‚¨ŠT—v•ñ‚ð‚Ý‚ÄAŽ¿–₪‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B
ŠT—v•ñ‚ł̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ªWHO‚ÌŠ©‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚ð‚S‚G‚É‹K§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆAq‚ׂĂ¢‚Ü‚·B
I am very interested in this point.
Would you please let me know more
detailed information on this rule, mandatory of magnetic field.
When law is published?
Please
advise me ASAP.
‚±‚Ì“_‚ÉŠÖS‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·A
‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éÚׂÈî•ñAŽ¥ŠE‚Ì–@‹K§‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA–@—¥‚ª‚¢‚Š§s‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚©“™‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‹³‚¦‚ĉº‚³‚¢B
‰ñ“šF
Thank
you for your questions. I will do my best to answer them.
Sweden
has a recommended limit to the public of 100microTesla (50 Hz).
Ž¿–â‚É“š‚¦‚Ü‚·BƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í50Hz Ž¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒöO‚Ì„§‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚锘˜IŒÀ“x’l‚Í100ƒÊT‚Å‚·B
In
international evaluations of the epidemiological studies a rather consistent
pattern has been seen with associations between extremely low frequency fields
and childhood leukaemia above 0.4microTesla.
‘Û“I‚ȉuŠwŒ¤‹†‚Ì•]‰¿‚Ì’†‚ÅA0.4ƒ}ƒCƒNƒƒeƒXƒ‰‚ð’´‚¦‚é’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚Í‚©‚È‚èŽñ”öˆêŠÑ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
This
is the background why the WHO decided to classify ELF as possibly carcinogen,
but no mechanism has been identified.
‚±‚ꂪWHO‚Å’áŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ðu”‚ª‚ñ‚̉”\«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢v‚Æ”»’肵‚½”wŒi‚Å‚·‚ªAƒƒJƒjƒYƒ€‚Í•ª‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
The 0.4microTesla
is not a threshold limit value and is not included in any Swedish law.
However,
some precaution is taken by municipalities and electrical companies on
voluntary basis.
‚±‚Ì0.4ƒÊƒeƒXƒ‰‚Í臒lŒÀ“x’l‚Å‚Í‚È‚AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì–@—¥‚Ì’†‚É‚Í‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚µ‚©‚µAƒ{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒA“I‚ÉAŠô‚‚©‚Ì’n•ûŽ©Ž¡‘Ì‚â“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Í—\–hŒ´‘¥‚őΉž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Please
find the documents of interest in the following links:
ˆÈ‰º‚̃TƒCƒg‚ðŽQÆ
Ehttp://www.av.se/dokument/inenglish/broschures/adi_478.pdf
‚±‚ê‚Í1996”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“5È’¡‹¤“¯ƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX
Ehttp://www.svk.se/Start/English/Environment/Magnetic-Fields1/
‚±‚ê‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錩‰ð‚ðŽ¦‚·•Å
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚̃[ƒ‹‚Ì•ÔM‚Ì•û‚ªA‚·‚Á‚«‚è‚Æ‚µ‚Ä”»‚èˆÕ‚¢B
18D“ú•Ù˜A‚ªƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ö’²¸’c‚ð”hŒ‚µ‚½B2011”N3ŒŽA‚»‚Ì•ñ‚Ì’†‚©‚çB
–––––––––––––
2012”N12ŒŽ15“ú@“ú•Ù˜AŽåÃ@“dŽ¥”g–â‘èƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚Ì—\eW‚©‚ç
ŠCŠO’²¸•ñF“dŽ¥”g–â‘è‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“EƒXƒCƒX’²¸•ñ@
’†¼—Ljê@“ú•Ù˜A@ŒöŠQ‘ÎôEŠÂ‹«•Û‘SˆÏˆõ‰ïˆÏˆõ
EƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“˜J“ŠÂ‹«‹@ŠÖ
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‚µ‚©‚µA“d—͉ïŽÐ‚È‚Ç‚Ì–¯ŠÔŠé‹Æ‚ªŽ©Žå“I‚É0.4ƒÊT‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šî€‚ðÌ‘ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚Å‚·B
Eƒ}[ƒ`ƒ“Eƒgƒ“ƒfƒ‹
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‰äX‚©‚çA“ú–{‚Å‚àƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì“dŽ¥”g–â‘è‚ɑ΂·‚é‘Ήž‚ªæi“I‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Ì•ñ‚ª‘½”Љ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð“`‚¦‚é‚ÆA‰½‚©‘Û“I‚ÉŠ¨ˆá‚¢‚ª‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉŽv‚¤‚Æ‚Ì‹ê΂¢‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚ç‚ꂽ‚Ì‚ªˆóÛ“I‚Å‚µ‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“¯Ž‚ÍAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í“dŽ¥”g‰ß•qÇ‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ª‚æ‚‘gD‰»‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èAŽ¡‰Æ‚ç‚Ɉӌ©‚ð‚¤‚Ü‚“`‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚錋‰Ê‚ÅAƒƒr|ƒCƒYƒ€‚̬Œ÷‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚©‚ÆŽv‚¤‚Æ•ªÍ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½B
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‚±‚Ìu‰½‚©‘Û“I‚ÉŠ¨ˆá‚¢‚ª‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉŽv‚¤‚Æ‚Ì‹ê΂¢‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚ç‚ꂽv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA”ñí‚Éd—v‚ȈӖ¡‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
uƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚Æ‚µ‚Ă̑Ήž‚ÌŽÀÛv‚ÆAuƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ˆÈŠO‚Ì‘‚É“`”À‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚Ìî•ñv‚É‚ÍA‘å‚«‚Ș¨—£‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðAŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
19DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“2002”N“dŽ¥”g‘Îô‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚锎Žm˜_•¶‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚©‚ç
ˆÈ‰º‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚Ì”ŽŽm˜_•¶‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚½B
‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚ðs‚Á‚½B
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹F
Potentialutjämning med mera@EMC och åskskydd i
byggnader,@medicinska konsekvenser och@reduktionsförslag till elektriska och magnetiska fält
Potential equalization etc. EMC and thunder
protections in buildings, medical consequences and reduction proposals to
electrical and magnetic fieldsŒš•¨‚ÌEMC‚Æ—Ž—‹‘ÎôA“dŽ¥ŠE‚̒ጸ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’ñˆÄ‚ƈãŠw“I‚Èd—v«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚ÌŒŸ“¢
Examensarbete av
Abdorreza H. Toosi
Lunds Tekniska Högskola
Hösten 2002
Diploma work of Abdorreza
H Block Toosi@
Lund's technical college
Autumn 2002
2002”N‚̃‹ƒ“ƒhH‘å‚ÌToosi‚Ì”ŽŽm˜_•¶
2.5 Gränsvärden för elektromagnetiska fält och rekommendationer
2.5.1 Gränsvärden i Sverige
2.5 Threshold values for electromagnetic
fields and recommendations
2.5.1 Threshold values in Sweden
Lågfrekventa fält:
Byggnadsstyrelsen i Sverige
rekommenderar att man ska eftersträva max B = 0.2 ƒÊT för 50Hz magnetiska fält där man vistas en längre tid.
Motsvarande maximum värde för elektriska fält är 10 V/m i frekvensområdet 5-2000 Hz,
0.8meter över golvet på arbetsplatsen.
Det finns misstankar om att de skadliga effekterna på levande
celler kan förekomma om fältet blir större än
dessa gränsvärden.
Power frequent fields:
The building board in Sweden recommends that one will seek max B=0.2 ƒÊT for 50Hz magnetic fields where one song are taken a
longer time.
Corresponding peak value for electrical fields is 10 V/m in the frequency area
5-2000 Hz, 0.8meter over the floor on the workplace.
There are suspicions about that the damaged effects on organic cells can occur
if the field becomes bigger than these threshold values.
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BEMSJ’F10V/m‚Æ‚¢‚¤“dŠE‚Ì”’l‚à‚¨‚©‚µ‚¢A10kV/m‚Ì‚ ‚â‚Ü‚è‚©H
Ž¥ŠE‚ð0.2ƒÊT‚Æ‚·‚鄧’l‚ðo‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚銯’¡‚ª”»–¾‚µ‚½BŒšÝ’¡‚Å‚ ‚éB
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BEMSJ’Ç‹LFuƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒšÝ’¡‚ÍA’·ŽžŠÔ‘ØÝ‚·‚éꊂłÌ50HzŽ¥ŠE‚Í0.2ƒÊT‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ„§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ÄAEê‚Ì°‚©‚ç80cmã‚ÅA5|2000Hz‚Ì“dŠE‹“x‚Í10V/m‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBv‚ÍAŒ»Ý‚Í‚½‚Ô‚ñA–³Œø‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚邪AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“ŒšÝ’¡‚ª1992”N‚É”s‚µ‚½Ž¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñƒV[ƒg‚É‚ÍAŒfÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
20DƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€ŽsŠJ”ƒAƒZƒXƒƒ“ƒg2010”N‚É‚ ‚鎥ŠE•]‰¿‚©‚ç
ŠJ”ƒAƒZƒXƒƒ“ƒg•ñ‘‚©‚çŠÖ˜A‚µ‚»‚¤‚ȉӊ‚Ì‚Ý‚ðWEB‰p–ó‚ðs‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
PLAN DESCRIPTION
1 (17)
Plan Division
2008-07-11
Dp 2004-18069-54
Ewa Wåhlin
reefs. 2010-01-13
Detailed plan for Fairfield center@part of the property Solberga
1:1 mm in the district Solberga@in
Stockholm
DOCUMENTS
Local plan consists of flat map with regulations.
The plan includes the plan description and an implementation description.
A design program the area's physical appearance and soil treatment has been
established and a signage programs.
The aim is to give the center district of Fairfield overall cohesive design.
The planned area
The planned area is about 32,000 square meters and is located next to Fairfield
commuter train station in the district Solberga.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MM
Traffic
Risk and safety
Fire
Vibrations
Magnetic
In summary, measurements of the planned buildings, in hen the train starts and stops,
accelerating or passing Fairs commuter station increases the magnetic field
from a few seconds to several minutes and frequency 16 2/3 Hz dominates.
The magnetic field is stronger the closer the railroad you are and declines
with distance (almost linearly) to the railroad.
The magnetic-field around 30m from the railway sometimes reaches over 1 ƒÊT.
For the proposed settlement, blocks 1-3, is the magnetic field day
average from the railroad below the level 0.2 ƒÊT
(Magnetic Fields in new buildings shall not exceed 0.2 ƒÊT
in frequency range 5-2000 Hz, Royal Building Board 1992).
Ž¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•]‰¿
“Z‚ß‚é‚ÆAŒv‰æ‚³‚ꂽŒšÝ’n‚Å‚ÌŒv‘ª‚ÍA“S“¹‰w‚ð“dŽÔ‚ª’ʉ߂µ‚½‚èA‰Á‘¬E’âŽÔE”ŽÔ‚µ‚½‚è‚·‚鎞‚ÉA16.67Hz‚ªŽå—v‚ƂȂ锕b‚©‚甕ª‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉAŽ¥ŠE‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚éB
Ž¥ŠE‚Í“S“¹‚É‹ß‚¯‚ê‚΋‚‚È‚èA“S“¹‚©‚ç‚Ì‹——£‚ª—£‚ê‚ê‚ÎA’á‚‚È‚éB
“S“¹‚©‚ç30m‚Ì’n“_‚Å‚ÍŽžXŽ¥ŠE‚Í1ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚éB
—\’肳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éZ‹’n‹æ1-3’n‹æ‚Å‚ÍA1“ú‚Ì•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE‚Í0.2ƒÊTiV‹K‚ÌŒšÝ‚Å‚Í5-2000Hz‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Í0.2ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆA‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŒšÝ’¡1992”N‚Ì‹K’èj‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢B
Air
Quality
final.
PARTICIPATOR
The plan has been prepared by the City Planning by Dr Wahlin.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚ê‚©‚çAƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚Å‚ÍA2010”N‚És‚í‚ꂽ“sŽsŠJ”Œv‰æ‚Ì•]‰¿‚Å‚ÍA1992”N‚ÌŒšÝ’¡‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‹K§’l‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄAŽ¥ŠE‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
21. ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì1ŽŸŽ‘—¿‚Æ‚µ‚ÄABEMI‚ÌClas TegenfeldtŽ‚©‚ç‚Ì2013”Nî•ñ
‹LF2013-7-2@@@@C³F2014-12-15
BEMI‚̃TƒCƒg‚Í“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ’ñ‹ŸA‘ª’è‚ÌŽÀŽ{A“dŽ¥”g‰ß•qǎ҂ׂ̈É18VƒoƒbƒeƒŠ[‚Å‹ì“®‚³‚ê‚é‰t»ƒfƒBƒXƒvƒŒƒB‚̔̔„‚È‚Ç‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éƒRƒ“ƒTƒ‹ƒ^ƒ“ƒgƒTƒCƒg‚Å‚ ‚éB
Œ³‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘åŠw‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÅA1991”N ‚©‚ç“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŒW‚í‚Á‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‹K§‚Æ—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鎿–â‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA2013”N7ŒŽ1“ú‚É•ÔM‚ð‚à‚ç‚Á‚½B
Ž¿–â1
––––––––––––––––––––––
Following information I found on
http://www.electric-fields.bris.ac.uk/dlhcomments.pdf
as
NRPB Consultation Document
Issued 1 May 2003
Proposals for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (0 – 300 GHz)
Comments from Professor Denis L Henshaw
That thus, in 1998, Sweden introduced an advisory limit of 0.2 micro Tesla.
Similarly, in 1999, Switzerland introduced a regulatory 1 micro Tesla limit.
Henshow‹³Žö‚ª2003”N‚ɉp‘‚ÌNRPB‚É’ño‚µ‚½“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I§ŒÀ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆÓŒ©‘‚Ì’†‚ÉAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í1998”N‚É0.2ƒÊ‚s‚ÌŠ©§ŒÀ’l‚𓱓ü‚µ‚½B
ƒXƒCƒX‚Å‚Í1999”N‚É1ƒÊT‚Æ‚¢‚¤–@“I‚ȧŒÀ’l‚𓱓ü‚µ‚½B
I would like to find original document that indicated this 1998 Sweden
introduced an advisory limit of 0.2 micro Tesla.
I requested to D. Henshow, but his response was Not
Available Now due to clear up when he retired.
Any original document such as legislation etc
published in Sweden is available?
‚±‚Ì1998”N‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‹K§’l‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆêŽŸî•ñ‚ª—~‚µ‚¢B
Henshow‹³Žö‚Ɉ˗Š‚µ‚½‚ªA”Þ‚ª‘ÞE‚µ‚½Žž‚Ɍ¢Ž‘—¿‚ð®—‚µ‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚½‚Ì‚ÅAŽèŒ³‚É‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚Ì•Ô“š‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚ÌŒ³‚É‚È‚Á‚½ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì1ŽŸî•ñ‚Í‚ ‚è‚Ü‚¹‚ñ‚©H
––––––––––––––––––––––
‰ñ“š‚Í
–––––––––––––––––––
It is a recommendation only, and the level was never set on governement
official paper.
What they did was to write a report which contained "the authorities
precautionary principle on power frequent magnetic fields" which was
written by SSI (now SSM) and several other agencies.
The main problem was that they DID NOT write 0.2 ƒÊT but only loosely "as low as
reasonable" as a ALARA principle.
–{Œ‚ÍA‚ ‚‚Ü‚Å‚à„§‚Ì’iŠK‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚èA•{‚ÌŒöŽ®‘—Þ‚É‚Í‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
BUT they of course knew that everyone here in Sweden, and abroad, actually
already used 0.2 ƒÊT as a threshold to take action.
‚µ‚©‚µAŠCŠO‚ðŠÜ‚߂ăXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚Ìl‚ÍA‚±‚Ì0.2ƒÊ‚s‚ªs‚¤‚ׂ«è‡’l‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽÀŽ¿“I‚ÉŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
It is also clear that a large number of houses in cities have a median level of
about 0.07 ƒÊT, thus it is very easy to argue that a
recommended level of 0.2 uT which is about three
times the median value is quite reasonable!
“sŽs‚É‚ ‚鑽‚‚ÌZ‘î‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE”˜˜I‚Ì’†‰›’l‚Í–ñ0.07ƒÊ‚s‚Å‚ ‚èA3”{‚Ì0.2ƒÊ‚s‚ð„§’l‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Ƃ͋ɂ߂ć—“I‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŽå’£‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í—eˆÕ‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––
‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÅA‰p‘‚ÌHenshow‹³Žö‚ªŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½u1998”N‚Æ”N‚Ü‚Å–¾Šm‚É‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½î•ñv‚ð— •t‚¯‚é–@“I‚Ș_‹’‚ÍŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Ž¿–â‚Q
–––––––––––––––––
Following information I found on
http://www.elc.uvic.ca/projects/2005-01/PowerLineEMFExposure.pdf
Regulating Power Line EMF Exposure: International Precedents Prepared by Nadine
Wu
Clinical Student, Environmental Law Clinic, Faculty of Law, University of
Victoria For Tsawwassen Residents Against Higher Voltage Overhead Lines April
22, 2005
ˆÈ‰º‚Ìî•ñ‚ªƒlƒbƒg‚ÉŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
2005”N‚É‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì”½‘Ή^“®‚ׂ̈ɃrƒNƒgƒŠƒA‘åŠw–@Šw•”‚ÌŠw¶‚ªì¬‚µ‚½•¶‘‚ÅA
as
Sweden:
Swedish regulators have declared that they will propose a ban on the
construction of houses within 330 feet of high-voltage lines. (This ban is now
in effect.)
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‹K§’S“–ŽÒ‚Í‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚©‚ç330ƒtƒB[ƒgˆÈ“à‚É‰Æ‚ðŒš‚Ä‚é‚±‚Æ‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚·‚é’ñˆÄ‚ðs‚¤‚ÆŒê‚Á‚½B‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ÍŒ»Ý”Œø‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@@‚Æ‚ ‚éB
Do you have any original document published by Governmental Authority about
this regulation?
‚±‚Ì•{‹K§“–‹Ç‚ª”s‚µ‚½–@—¥‚È‚Ç‚Ì1ŽŸŽ‘—¿‚Í‚ ‚è‚Ü‚¹‚ñ‚©H
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‰ñ“š
––––––––––––––––
"The grass is always greener on the other side".
—ׂ̎ł͂æ‚è—΂Ɍ©‚¦‚éA@‚Æ‚æ‚Œ¾‚í‚ê‚éB
It seems to me that many refers to Sweden in the EMF matters, and perhaps we
have done something better than average.
“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ăXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ª—Ç‚ŽQÆ‚³‚ê‚éB‘½•ªA‘¼‚Ì‘‚É”ä‚ׂê‚Ίô‚ç‚©‚Í‚Ü‚µ‚È‚±‚Æ‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚Å‚µ‚傤B
However, there are a lot of image and less of substance when it comes to
reinforcing recommendations.
‚µ‚©‚µA„§‚ð‹‰»‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÌŽÀ‘Ì‚ª‚È‚¢‚Ü‚Ü‚ÉA‘½‚‚̃Cƒ[ƒW‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“`‚í‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
The problem is, since the authorities never actually put numbers down on paper,
or actually took a legally binding stand on the subject of power-lines or
magnetic field levels, there is always room for "judgement" on each
and every decision.
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1D2012”NƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““d—͉ïŽÐ‚Ì•ûj
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ƒXƒxƒ“ƒXƒJEƒNƒ‰ƒtƒgƒi[ƒgŽÐ‚̃z[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW‚ɂ͊‹«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒR[ƒi[‚ª‚ ‚èA‚»‚Ì’†‚ÉŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹LÚ‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·ihttp://www.svk.se/Miljo/Magnetfalt/jB
“¯ƒy[ƒW‚É‚ÍAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê”łƉpŒê”Å‚ªÝ‚¯‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚̃y[ƒW‚Ì•û‚ªXV“ú‚ÍV‚µ‚¢‚悤‚Å‚·‚ªA¡‰ñ‚͉pŒê”ł̃y[ƒW‚É“Y•t‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒpƒ“ƒtƒŒƒbƒguŽå—v‘—“dü‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚鎥ŠE‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄiMagnetic fields in connection with major
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7.6 Elektromagnetiska fält
Det finns teorier som
gör gällande att elektromagnetiska fält kan vara
skadliga för människans hälsa.
Misstankar finns om att långvarig exponering
av elektromagnetiska fält kan ge upphov
till sjukdomar.
Därför finns det rekommendationer
om gränsvärden för strålning med hänvisning till försiktighetsprincipen, vilken enligt Strålsäkerhetsmyndighetens(4)
normer är 0,2 ƒÊT (mikrotesla).
Den planerade kraftledningen för anslutning av vindkraftanläggningen byggs med isolerad luftledningsamt markförlagd jordkabel. Strålningen från luftledningen underskrider rekommenderat värde redan efter bara ett tiotal meter från yttersta fasen. Den partvinnade jordkabeln ger minmalt elektromagnetiskt fält.
7.6 electromagnetic
fields
There is theories that do
current that electromagnetic fields can be damaged for the people's health.
Suspicions are about that
prolonged exposure of electromagnetic fields can give origins to diseases.
Therefore, there are
recommendations about threshold values for strålning
with reference to the caution principle, what according to Strålsäkerhetsmyndighetens
(4) standards are 0,2 ƒÊT (microTesla).
It planned the force
management for connection of the distorted force plant is built with isolated luftledningsamt land stem endowed land cable. Strålningen from the air management be less than
recommended value already after only a ten meters from the outermost phase. The
pair twined the land cable gives mine ground electromagnetic field.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
(4)
Tillsammans med myndigheterna Socialstyrelsen, Arbetsmiljöverket,
Elsäkerhetsverket och Boverket
Along with the
authorities National Board of Health and Welfare, Swedish Work Environment
Authority, Swedish National Electrical Safety Board and National Board of
Housing, Building and Planning
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Svenska
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2010-4-16‚̃ƒO@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚̃TƒCƒg‚ð‹@ŠB‰p–óB
http://www.svd.se/nyheter/inrikes/kraftledning-nara-skola-vacker-oro_87130.svd@
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10
April 2003 kl 05:30, uppdaterad: 27 Mars 2008 kl
02:37
Power
line near school raises concern@
Some
limits for long-term effects of power lines are not.
But authorities prescribe a precautionary principle, which means that no new
houses should be built next to power lines.
Stockholm
City has its own limit of 0.2micro-tesla, which applies to new construction of
homes, schools, kindergartens and playgrounds.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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‹LF2014-12-26@@XVF2015-4-27
*2006”N‚Ì•¶‘
•¶‘–¼FEn skrift om miljö och hälsa@i förskola, skola och fritidshem
Magnetfält
För Stockholms stad gäller att
ingen nyproduktion sker av bostäder, skolor, förskolor och lekplatser där magnetfältsnivån från kraftledningar, nätstationer och ställverk överstiger 0.2 mikro tesla som årsmedelvärde.
Värdet överskrids normalt inte 80 till 90 meter från närmaste kraftledning.
‹@ŠB‰p–ó
A writing on environment and health in preschool, school and recreation centers
Magnetic Field
For the city of Stockholm is that no new production of housing, schools,
kindergartens and playgrounds where magnetic field intensity from power lines,
substations and switchgear exceeds 0.2 micro tesla as an annual average.
Value is not exceeded normally 80 to 90 meters from the nearest power line.
‰¼–ó
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INFORMATION TILL FASTIGHETSÄGARE OCH
VERKSAMHETSUTÖVARE
‹@ŠB‰p–óF INFORMATION FOR
PROPERTY OWNERS AND
OPERATORS
‰¼–óFŽ‘ŽY‚ÌŽ‚¿Žå‚ÆŠÇ—ŽÒ‚ׂ̈Ìî•ñ
Att tänka på
innan du bygger en@förskola, skola eller ett fritidshem
‹@ŠB‰p–óFTo consider before building a school or a
leisure Home
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Ž¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹Lq‚݂̂𔲈
Magnetfält
För att undvika
elektromagnetisk strålning bör@lokalen inte placeras nära kraftledningar,
nätstationer@eller ställverk. Vid ett avstånd på
minst@80 till 90 meter från
närmaste kraftledning är@strålningen vanligtvis låg.
‹@ŠB‰p–óFMagnetic Field
In
order to avoid electromagnetic radiation should the premises be placed away
from power lines, substations or switch-gear. At a distance of at least 80 to
90 meters from the nearest power line radiation is usually low.
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*2009”N‚Ì•¶‘
•¶‘–¼FEn skrift om miljö och hälsa@i förskola, skola och fritidshem
Magnetfält
I närheten av kraftledningar,
ställverk, nätstationer och andra elinstallationer
som generar elektromagnetiska fält kan magnetfältsnivån vara förenad med hälsorisk.
För Stockholms stad gäller att
ingen nyproduktion sker av bostäder, skolor, förskolor och lekplatser där magnetfältsnivån från kraftledningar, nätstationer och ställverk överstiger 0.4 mikro tesla som årsmedelvärde.
Värdet överskrids normalt inte 80 till 90 meter från närmaste kraftledning.
‹@ŠB‰p–ó
A writing on environment and health in preschool, school and recreation centers
Magnetic Field
In the vicinity of overhead power lines, electrical switchgear, sub-stations
and other electrical installations that generate electromagnetic fields can be
associated with magnetic field level health risk.
For the city of Stockholm is that no new production of housing, schools,
kindergartens and playgrounds where magnetic field intensity from power lines,
substations and switchgear exceeds 0.4 micro tesla as an annual average.
Value is not exceeded normally 80 to 90 meters from the nearest power line.
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ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€ŠÂ‹«Œv‰æ2008 –
2011
uThe Stockholm@Environment Program@2008–2011@Overarching goals and prioritiesv@‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰pŒê”Å‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Long-term exposure to
electromagnetic fields above limit levels can affect health.
If measures that generally
reduce exposure can be taken at reasonable cost and with reasonable
consequences in other respects, we should do all we can to reduce
electromagnetic fields that deviate significantly from what is judged normal in
the environment in question.
When planning new electrical
installations and buildings, efforts should be made to find a design and
location that limit exposure.
––––––––––––––––––––––––
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Bollnas‚̓XƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚Ì–k•û‚É‚ ‚élŒû15,000l’ö“x‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“’†•”‚É‚ ‚é’¬‚Å‚ ‚éB
http://www.bollnas.se/webred/webred.nsf/afba743d8701b713c12566ba002ed873/49899467eafb521bc125686b0047fe4e?OpenDocument@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@‹@ŠB‰p–ó
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Home / Environmental Office / Environment and health / Indoor
Many people remain today 90-95% of their lives
indoors. Therefore, the indoor environment of very great importance to most
people's welfare. If the indoor environment is poor, you suffer from allergies
or other forms of discomfort.
The younger man is more important is a
good indoor environment as an acquired hypersensitivity generally last a
lifetime.
Indoor
With good housing environment today may mean that you have for its purpose sufficiently
large and comfortable home with a good indoor climate. Dwelling should be as
undisturbed by the noise that it is possible, given the dwelling's location
both indoors and in homes of outdoor environment. Dwelling will be free of
moisture and mold problems and not deliver noxious gases into the indoor
environment. Harmful gases include radon and various types of hydrocarbon
compounds, which emitted into the air from building materials. To avoid air
pollution and reduce the risk of moisture and mold, it is important that air
quality in buildings is good. A well-functioning ventilation can help to ensure
this. Improper ventilation can contribute to engineering problems. High radon
levels in homes can contribute to cancer.
Even in premises other
than dwellings is a good indoor environment is important. Such venues include
schools, kindergartens, workplaces and public places. Poor indoor air quality
in the form of moisture, mold, poor ventilation and poor acoustics and sound
attenuation have affected many schools and kindergartens. High sound levels in
discos is now a serious health problem. Many young people and teachers in
schools and kindergartens have been affected by tinnitus. Although local
residents to the disco or terraces, which play a high level can be distracting
for people who live or otherwise reside in the neighborhood.
Power lines and
other electrical installations may give rise to electromagnetic fields. The
precautionary principle should apply in relation to the location of the homes
near power lines or in connection with new building or renovation of existing
lines.
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Local environmental objectives
EBy the year 2006, people in the entertainment and recreational facilities
are not exposed to maximum noise levels överstigande115 dB (A) or ekvivalentnivåer over 100 dB (A). Little League disco (up
to 12 years), or the like, is not the equivalent noise level exceed 97 dB (A).
EBy 2006, no neighbors to the beer gardens and similar facilities subject
to such high noise levels to a nuisance to human health. (defined under the
Environmental Code)
E•Ventilation
of housing, schools and other facilities must be functional so that people do
not cause discomfort reactions stay in the premises
E•At the creation of new dwellings or diversion of power
lines to such safe distance chosen to power lines does not cause
electromagnetic fields exceeding 0.3 uT (micro tesla)
or the distance between a 400 kV transmission line and housing no less than 100
m.
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––––––––––––––––––––––@@@@––––––––––––
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‚±‚ÌŽs‚Ì‹K’è‚Í‚¢‚”Œø‚µ‚½?@Œ»Ý‚à—LŒøH‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í—vŠm”F‚Å‚ ‚éB
5DVästra GötalandŒS‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠÂ‹«Šî€G@”’l‚Å‹K§‚Í‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢
Västra Götaland‚̓CƒGƒeƒ{ƒŠ‚ð’†S‚Æ‚·‚é’n•ûŽ©Ž¡‘ÌiƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘æ2‚Ì’n•ûŽ©Ž¡‘ÌAlŒû159–œlj‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚Å‚ ‚éB
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Säker strålmiljö@
Safe radiation
environment
Delmål Minskade risker med elektromagnetiska fält
Secondary objectives
decreased risks with electromagnetic fields
Riskerna med elektromagnetiska fält ska kontinuerligt kartläggas och nödvändiga åtgärder ska vidtas i takt med att sådana eventuella
risker identifieras.
The risks with
electromagnetic fields will continuously be mapped and necessary measures will
be taken in line with that such possible risks are identified.
Syftet
med målet är att genom ytterligare
forskningsinsatser klargöra
riskerna med elektromagnetiska
fält som anses otillräckligt utrett.
The aim with the
objective is that through additional research initiatives clarify the risks
with electromagnetic fields that to be considered insufficiently investigated.
Elektromagnetiska fält uppkommer i anknytning
till verksamheter och
processer som använder sig
av elektrisk ström. Allmänhetens exponering för elektromagnetiska fält är för
de flesta användningsområden
mycket låg jämfört med gällande referensvärden. För lågfrekventa fält, främst kraftledningar, och mobiltelefonanvändning bedömer SSI att det finns en viss
osäkerhet i riskbedömningen som motiverar att försiktighet
iakttas.
Electromagnetic fields
arise in connection to activities and processes that use himself of electrical
power. The general public's exposure for electromagnetic fields is for most use
areas very low compared with the current reference host. For flame frequent
fields, in front force managements, and mobile + telephone use assesses Swedish
Radiation Protection Authority that there be a certain uncertainty in the risk
assessment that justifies that caution to be observed.
Mot bakgrund av hur delmålet är formulerat
bedömer SSI att det är uppnått. SSI kartlägger kontinuerligt riskerna med elektromagnetiska fält, framför allt
genom sitt vetenskapliga råd för elektromagnetiska fält och hälsorisker,
vilket årligen rapporterar om kunskapsläget. SSI
vidtar också nödvändiga åtgärder om nya riskområden identifieras.
In the light of how the
secondary objective is formulated assesses Swedish Radiation Protection
Authority that it is achieved. Swedish Radiation Protection Authority maps
continuously the risks with electromagnetic fields, above all through your
scientific councils for electromagnetic fields and health risks, what annually
reports about the knowledge situation. Swedish Radiation Protection Authority
takes also necessary measures about new risk areas to be identified.
Nationella åtgärder
National measures ‘‚̑Ήž
•Tillämpa de riktlinjer som kommer till uttryck i rapporten
Magnetfält och eventuella hälsorisker utarbetad av SSI m.fl. centrala verk i
översikts- och detaljplaner. Kommunerna.
• Apply the guidelines
that come to expressions in the report Magnetfält and
possible health risks prepared of Swedish Radiation Protection Authority m.fl. central agencies in overview's - and detailed plans.
•Utforma eller förlägg nya kraftledningar
och elektriska anläggningar så att exponering för magnetfälten begränsas. Kommunerna.
•Formulate or relocate new
force managements and electrical plants so that exposure for the magnet fields
is limited.
•Placera inte nya bostäder, skolor,
daghem och liknande nära befintliga
elanläggningar som ger förhöjda magnetfält. Kommunerna.
•Not place new rooms,
schools, day nurseries and similar near existing electricity plants that gives
increased magnet fields.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ÍA2006”N‚Ì’¬‚ÌŒv‰æ‘‚Ì’†‚ÅA1996”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“5È’¡‚̃KƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚àl—¶‚µ‚ÄAŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚ÅA0.2ƒÊT‚ª‘Ó–‚È’l‚Æ‚µ‚Äݒ肵‚½‚ÆB
2006”NKarlstad‚ÌŒv‰æ‘‚©‚ç“–ŠY‚̕ł̂݃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÌŒ´•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½i‚Q‚O‚P‚R|‚Q|‚Q‚TjB
ˆÈ‰º‚É‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚Æ‹¤‚É“]Ú‚·‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
ELEKTRISK och elektromagnetisk
strålning
ELECTRICAL and electromagnetic strålning
Kraftledningar
Power managements
Inriktning
Direction
Ny bostadsbebyggelse i
Karlstad bör placeras på sådant avstånd
från kraftledning att magnetfälts - nivån normalt inte
över - stiger 0.2 mikrotesla (ƒÊT).
New room settlement in Karlstad should be placed on like that distance
from power management that magnet fields' - the level normally not over -
ascends 0.2 microtesla (ƒÊT).
–½—ßF
Karlstad‚É‚¨‚¯‚éV‹K‚ÌZ‹ŒšÝ‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ª0.2ƒÊTi’Êí‚Í’´‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢j‚ð’´‚¦‚éêŠi“d—ÍÝ”õ‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚Äj‚ÉŒš‚Ä‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
®A‚±‚ÌKarlstad‚Ì2006”Ns“®Œv‰æ‘‚Å‚ÍA‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í‚È‚AŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚àŒŸ“¢‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ŽÀ‘ª‚È‚Ç‚ðs‚Á‚½Œ‹‰ÊAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚©‚ç‚Ì“d”g‚æ‚èAƒ‰ƒWƒIEƒeƒŒƒr•ú‘—“d”g‚Ì•û‚ª‘å‚«‚AŽå—v‚È”˜˜IŒ¹‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚à”»‚èA‚Ü‚½A‘Û“I‚È‹K’è‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚à\•ª‚É’á‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½A‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŠi•Ê‚Ì‹K§‚Ís‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚Í‚¢‚È‚¢B
–KarlstadtŽs‚Ì2007”N‚Ì“sŽsŒv‰æ‘‚É’†‚ÉAŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹Lq‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ð‹@ŠB‰p–󂵂½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Fördjupning av översiktsplanen
för DINGELSUNDET OCH DELAR AV KNAPPSTAD
Utställningshandling 11-12-07
Cavity of the overview
plan for DINGELSUNDET AND DIVIDES OF KNAPPSTAD
Utställningshandling 11-12-2007
Elektromagnetiska fält
Kraftledningsgatan är drygt 35 m bred mellan de yttre faslinorna. Runt varje strömförande ledare finns det ett magnetfält. Fältet är direkt
proportionellt mot strömmen,
alltså ju högre ström desto
högre magnetfältsnivå.
Magnetfältsnivåer anges i mikrotesla (ƒÊT).
Beräkningar med en årsmedelström visar att avståndet från
den västra yttersta fasledningen till en magnetfältsnivå på 0,2 ET är 32 m och från
den östra yttersta fasledningen är avståndet 47 m.
Electromagnetic fields
Kraftledningsgatan is just over 35 m broad between the extraneous horror ropes.
Around each lived conductors, that a magnet field is. The field is directly
proportional against the power, therefore of course higher power the higher
magnet field level.
Magnet field levels are
stated in microTesla (ƒÊT).
Calculations with an oar
means power shows that the distance from the western outermost horror
management to a magnet field level on 0,2 ƒÊT is 32 m and from the eastern outermost horror management is
the distance 47 m.
Riktlinjer elektromagnetiska fält
*Ny bostadsbebyggelse ska placeras på sådant avstånd
från kraftledningen att magnetfältsnivån normalt inte överstiger
0.2 uT.
Guidelines electromagnetic
fields
*new room settlement will be
placed on like that distance from the force management that the magnet field
level normally does not exceed 0.2 ƒÊT.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
VÝ‚ÌZ‹‚Í‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ª0.2ƒÊT‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¢‹——£‚ÉŒšÝ‚·‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤Ž¥ŠE‹K§‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
–“¯‚¶KarlstdatŽs‚Ì2009”NŠÂ‹«•ñ‘‚É‚à‹Lq‚Í‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
MILJÖREDOVISNING@2009@
Environmental Report 2009
Karlstads kommun
Karlstads municipality
Säker strålmiljö innebär
att människors hälsa och den biologiska
mångfalden ska skyddas mot skadliga effekter av strålning i den yttre miljön.
Strålning uppkommer genom
utsläpp av radioaktiva ämnen till miljön från verksamheter, vid kärntekniska olyckor, genom UV- strålning från solen, radon från byggnader och mark samt från elektromagnetiska
fält.
Safe
radiation environment means that people's health and the biological diversity
will be protected against damaged effects of strålning
in the extraneous environment.
Strålning arises through wastes of radio-active matters to the
environment from activities, wide core technical accidents, through UV - strålning from the sun, radon from buildings and land and
from electromagnetic fields.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
2009”N‚ÌŽs‚̊‹«•ñ‘‚É‚Íu“dŽ¥ŠEv‚Ì•¶Žš‚ª1‚‚µ‚©‚È‚¢B
”’l‚ðŽ‚Á‚ÄŽ¥ŠE‹K§‚ðs‚¤EEEE‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‰½‚à‹Lq‚Í‚È‚¢B@
7DSkåneŒS‚Å‚Í0.2ƒÊ‚s‚Å‹K§‚ÆŒ¾‚¤Œë‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ªƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‘“à‚Å—¬‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹LG2013-3-6
Œµ‚µ‚¢‹K§‚ð•~‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éKarlstad‚Ì’¬‚É—L‚é“d‹CHŽ–E“dŽ¥ŠE‘ª’è‚Ȃǂ̉ïŽÐ‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚©‚ç
http://www.rencke.com/content/view/13/176@/‚©‚甲ˆ WEB‰p–ó
––––––––@@@–––––––––––––––
‹Æ–±FElectrical installations
• Measurement of electrical environment
‰ïŽÐ–¼FRencke Electricity and
Measurement,
‰ïŽÐŠÝ’nFHyacinth Street 2, 653
45 Karlstad, Sweden.
The precautionary principle —\–hŒ´‘¥
An application, which among other things found in Stockholm and Skåne
County, is not to allow the construction of lines or houses where the magnetic
field exceeds the annual average 0.2 micro Tesla (ƒÊT), value of 0.2 ƒÊT
originated in epidemiological cancer studies and has received strong criticism
from scientists who believe the limit be set too high.
ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚ÆSkåneŒS‚Å‚ÍA”N•½‹ÏŽ¥ŠE‚ª0.2ƒÊ‚s‚ð’´‚¦‚éꊂɂ͑—“dü‚ÌŒšÝ‚âZ‹‚ÌŒšÝ‚Í‹–‰Â‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B
‚±‚Ì0.2ƒÊ‚s‚Æ‚¢‚¤”’l‚͉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÌŠàƒŠƒXƒN‚©‚瓱‚«o‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éÚׂÈî•ñ‚ª—~‚µ‚‚È‚Á‚½B
Skåne‚̃TƒCƒg‚ðŒ©‚½‚ªAŽ¥ŠE‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚»‚±‚ÅA‚±‚Ì“d‹CHŽ–E‘ª’è‰ïŽÐ‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ðo‚µ‚½B@‚Ü‚¾•ÔM‚Í‚È‚¢B
“¯Žž‚ÉASkaneŒS‚Ì“–‹Ç‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ðo‚µ‚½B
2013”N3ŒŽ6“ú‚Ɋ‹«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’S“–Š¯‚©‚ç‚Ì•ÔM‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
Subject:SV: request of EMF legislation
Date:Wed, 6 Mar 2013 11:02:41 +0000
Skåne county does not applie any precise limits in terms of electromagnetic
fields.
The county uses something called the precautionary principle (see attached
pdf).
SkåneŒS‚Å‚Í“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA”@‰½‚È‚é“Á•Ê‚ÈŒÀ“x’l‚Íݒ肵‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñB
ŒS‚Å‚Í1996”NƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‹@ŠÖ5È’¡‹¤“¯ƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚ÉŠî‚—\–hŒ´‘¥‚Í“K—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
Environmental Supervision@ŠÂ‹«’S“–Žå”C
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚ÆŒ¾‚¤‚±‚Æ‚©‚çAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‘“à‚Å‚àA³‚µ‚‚È‚¢î•ñ‚ª—¬‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
ƒXƒR[ƒlŒSiSkåne länj‚ÍAŒS‚̈ê‚‚ÅAŒS’¡ŠÝ’n‚̓}ƒ‹ƒŽsB2005”NŒ»Ý‚ÌlŒû‚Í116–œ919lBlŒû”‚Å‚ÍŽñ“s‚ð•ø‚¦‚éƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€ŒSAƒˆ[ƒeƒ{ƒŠ‚ð—i‚·‚郔ƒFƒXƒgƒ‰EƒCƒF[ƒ^ƒ‰ƒ“ƒhŒS‚É‘±‚¢‚ÄŽO”Ô–Ú‚Å‚ ‚éB‚Ü‚½ŒS’¡ŠÝ’n‚̃}ƒ‹ƒŽs‚ÍŽñ“sƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€ŽsAƒˆ[ƒeƒ{ƒŠŽs‚ÉŽŸ‚¢‚ŃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚Í3”Ô–Ú‚É‘å‚«‚¢ŽsB
8DƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“@ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚ÌxŠO‚É‚ ‚éSolnaŽs‚̊‹«•¶‘
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚R|‚W|‚T
http://www.solna.se/sv/boende-miljo/inomhusmiljo/el-och-magnetfalt/@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@‚Q‚O‚P‚R|‚W|‚S‚̃ƒO
––––––––––––––––––––––
Electric and magnetic fields
Power lines, wireless devices and mobile worries many people. For a long time
it has been examined if such a link between EMF exposure and increased risk of
cancer. The scientific evidence has not been considered sufficiently in order
to be able to set a limit. In the long term, one can nevertheless not exclude
health effects from cell phones and magnetic fields from power lines.
Therefore, the Swedish authorities decided instead to recommend some caution.
“dŽ¥ŠEF
“d—ÍüA–³ü’ÊM‹y‚ÑŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Í‘½‚‚Ìl‚ª•sˆÀ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éB’·Šú‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ÄA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ªŠà‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‚©Œ¤‹†‚ª‚È‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B”˜˜I§ŒÀ’l‚ðÝ’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚·‚é\•ª‚ȉȊw“I‚ÈŠmØ‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B‚»‚ê‚É‚àS‚í‚炸A’·Šú”˜˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚â“d—Íü‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ê”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚錒N‰e‹¿‚ð”rœ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“•{‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í„§‚É‘ã‚í‚Á‚ÄA’ˆÓ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚µ‚½B
The authorities' precautionary principle
Work Environment Authority, the National Electrical Safety Board, the National
Board and Radiation Safety Authority have jointly formulated a precautionary
principle that applies to low frequency electric and magnetic fields. It is
primarily in the areas of exposure to magnetic fields from power lines and
mobile telephony as it recommends that the precautionary principle is applied.
•{‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥F
˜J“ÈA“d‹CˆÀ‘SˆÏˆõ‰ïA•úŽËüˆÀ‘S’¡‚Í‹¤“¯‚ÅA’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ð‚Æ‚è‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚½B“d—Íü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚ׂ«‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Magnetic fields from power lines
The recommendations on magnetic fields from power lines are primarily in urban
planning and construction activity. If it can be done at reasonable cost, the
following should be considered.
•Strive
to develop or locate new power lines and electrical systems so that exposure to
magnetic fields is limited.
•Avoid
placing new homes, schools and day care near existing electrical infrastructure
that increases the magnetic field, if there are alternative investments.
•Strive
to limit the field differ markedly from what is considered normal in existing
homes, schools and workplaces.
“d—Íü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠEF
“d—Íü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鄧‚Í“sŽsŒv‰æ‚ÆŒšÝŠˆ“®‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éB‡—“I‚È”ï—p‚Å‘Îô‚ðs‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðl—¶‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
EV‹K‚Ì“d—Íü‚â“d—ÍÝ”õ‚ÍAŽ¥ŠE‚ª§ŒÀ‚³‚ê‚é‚悤‚ÉŠJ”‚â”z’u‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É“w—Í‚·‚éB
E‚à‚µA‘ã‘Ö‚¦ˆÄ‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAV‹K‚ÌZ‹‚âŠwZAƒfƒCƒPƒAƒZƒ“ƒ^‚Í‹ßÚ‚·‚é‘—“düÝ”õ‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð”ð‚¯‚éB
EŒ»Ý‹Z’†‚ÌZ‹AŠwZAEê‚Å‚ÍAƒm[ƒ}ƒ‹‚Æ‚³‚ê‚鎥ŠE‹“x‚ð‘å‚«‚’´‚¦‚È‚¢‚悤‚ɧŒÀ‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì“w—Í‚ðs‚¤B
Using a mobile phone
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p
i—ªj
Last updated 3 July 2012
ÅIXVF2012”N7ŒŽ3“ú
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚ÌSolnaŽs‚̊‹«•¶‘‚ÍAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“5È’¡‚̃KƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒXi1996”Nj‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ÌSolna‚Å‚ÍA1996”N ‚ɉˋ󂈳‘—“dü‚ð’n‰º–„Ýiƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‰»j‚µ‚½’nˆæ‚Å‚à‚ ‚éB
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚T|‚S|‚Q‚W@@
‚±‚ÌŒ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚©‚È‚èî•ñ‚ª‚È‚¢B“¾‚ç‚ꂽî•ñ‚ðˆÈ‰º‚É“Z‚ß‚éB
1j‚Í‚¶‚ß‚É
1996”N‚Ì“ú–{‚̃eƒŒƒr”Ô‘g‚ÅASolnaŽs‚Å‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Ì’n’†‰»‚ÌŒv‰æ‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ú‘—‚³‚ꂽB
‚±‚Ì•ú‘—Žž“_‚Å‚ÍuŒv‰æv‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒã‚Ç‚¤‚È‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©H@Œv‰æ‚ÍŒv‰æ“|‚ê‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©A‚»‚ê‚Æ‚à‘—“dü‚Í’n’†‰»‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚©H@‚«‚¿‚ñ‚Æ‚µ‚½î•ñ‚ªŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
—lX‚ȃ‹[ƒg‚Å‚Ìî•ñŒŸõ‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚Ç‚¤‚É‚©”»–¾‚µ‚½B
2jƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŠw‰ï‚É‚¨‚¯‚锕\˜_•¶1998”N‚©‚ç
ŒfÚŽFUnderground construction in modern infrastructure
International conference, Underground construction in modern infrastructure; 75-78
ÅV‚̃Cƒ“ƒtƒ‰‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’n‰ºƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘Û‰ï‹c‚Ì—\eW
”s”NF1998
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FHigh voltage cables in urban area tunnels, Solna,
Sweden@ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌSolna‚ÌŽsŠX’nƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ì’†‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü
”•\ŽÒFC. Wichmann@iNitro Consult
ABjAD. Jonson@iNitro Consult ABj
ABSTRACT@
ŠT—v‚Ì’†‚©‚甲ˆ
The Stockholm area is supplied with electric power by a ring of 220 kV overhead
lines.
ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€’n‹æ‚Í220‚‹V‚ÌŠÂó–Ԃ̉ˋ󑗓dü‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä“d—Í‚ª‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Demands were raised for exploitationŠJ” of land and to
eliminate the risk for damage on the electric system and the vicinity on the
ground level.
“d—Í‚ÌŽù—v‚Í“y’n‚ÌŠJ”‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘‰Á‚µA“d—̓VƒXƒeƒ€‚Æ’nヌƒxƒ‹‚ł̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð”ð‚¯‚é•K—v‚ªo‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Therefore it was decided to locate the cables in underground shallow tunnels.
‚»‚±‚ÅAó‚¢’n’†ƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ì’†‚ɃP[ƒuƒ‹‚ð•zÝ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªŒˆ‚Ü‚Á‚½B
i—ªj
The cables are fixed three by three in a triangle in order to minimize the
impact from the magnetic field.
ƒP[ƒuƒ‹‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚̉e‹¿‚ðÅ’áŒÀ“x‚É‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA3~3‚ÌŽOŠpŒ`ó‚É”z’u‚µ‚½B
i—ªj
One tunnel project is in operation, one is under construction and three
projects are under investigations. The total length of the ring is 40 km.
‚ЂƂ‚̃gƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚͉ғ’†‚Å‚ ‚èA‚P‚‚ÌHŽ–‚ªis’†A3‚‚ÌHŽ–‚ÍŒv‰æ’†‚Å‚ ‚éBŠÂó–Ô‚Ì‘—“dü‚Í‘S’·‚Å40km‚Å‚ ‚éB
ˆÈ‰º‚Í–{•¶‚Ì’†‚©‚甲ˆ
The technical concept is based on replacing the existing 220 kV overhead power
lines of the Stockholm ring with cables in rock tunnels.
‹Zp“I‚ȃRƒ“ƒZƒvƒg‚ÍŒ»‘¶‚·‚éƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€’nˆæ‚ÌŠÂó220KV‰Ë‹ó‘—“dü–Ô‚ðAŠâ”Õƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹“à‚ɈÚÝ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
By arranging the cables like this the electromagnetic field around the cables
will be reducedD
ƒP[ƒuƒ‹‚Ì”z’u‚É‚æ‚Á‚ăP[ƒuƒ‹‚ÌŽü•Ó‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÍAPUBMED‚É‚Í̘^‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒŸõ‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚àAŒ©‚‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ÍŠÈ’P‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éB
‚±‚Ì1998”N‚̘_•¶‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄASolna‚Å‚Í’n’†‰»‘—“dü‚ªŒšÝ‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Æ‚È‚éB
‚±‚̘_•¶‚ª”•\‚³‚ꂽ‘Û‰ï‹c‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñF
u‹ß”N‚̃Cƒ“ƒtƒ‰‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’n‰º\‘¢•¨‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘Û‰ï‹cv‚ª1998”N6ŒŽ7“ú‚©‚ç9“ú‚É‚©‚¯‚ăXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̃XƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚Ì‘ÛƒtƒFƒA[‚ÅŠJ³‚êA36ƒ–‘‚©‚ç–ñ350–¼A“ú–{‚©‚ç‚Í4–¼‚ªŽQ‰Á‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
3j1999”N‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å‚ÌŠwˆÊ˜_•¶‚©‚ç
Œ´“TFDissertation for the degree of Doctor of
PhilosophyCPh..D
Stockholm School of EconomicsC19 99.
Ph.D”ŽŽm˜_•¶@ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€ŒoÏ‘åŠw@1999”N
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FAre all lives of equal value?@-Studies on the economics of risk regulation
‘S‚Ă̶Šˆ‚͉¿’l‚ª“™‰¿‚©HƒŠƒXƒNŠÇ—‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒoÏ«‚ÌŒ¤‹†
•MŽÒFJoakim Ramsberg
‚±‚ÌŠwˆÊ˜_•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚ÅAˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ª‹LÚ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍA‘S•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢E
EGiven that interest groups and politically active
individuals have a substantial impact on risk policy, there is a potential
democracy problem.
Especially if this group is not representative of the general population.
ŠÖS‚ðŽ‚ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÆŠˆ“®“I‚ÈŒÂl‚̓ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錈’è‚É‘Š“–‚ȃCƒ“ƒpƒNƒg‚ð—^‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ê‚Í–¯ŽåŽå‹`‚É‚¨‚¯‚é–â‘è‚Å‚ ‚éA“Á‚ÉA‚»‚¤‚µ‚½ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ªˆê”Ê‚ÌŒöO‚ð‘ã•\‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ê‡‚ÍB
Nonetheless in 1995 the cities of Solna and Stockholm decided, citing the
public's concern about possible detrimental health effects, to move the power
lines underground.
There was a small but active interest group that certainly contributed to the
decision.
1995”N‚ÉASolnaŽs‚ƃXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚ÍA—LŠQ‚ÈŒ’N‰e‹¿‚̉”\«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒöO‚Ì•sˆÀ‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‘—“dü‚ð’n’†‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒˆ’è‚µ‚½B
l”‚Å‚ ‚邪AŠˆ”‚ÈŠÖS‚ð‚à‚ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ª‚¨‚èA‚±‚ÌŒˆ’è‚É‘å‚«‚Šñ—^‚µ‚½B
StillCit is sometimes argued,that
exposure to electromagnetic fields shouldCdespite the
lack of conc1usive evidenceCbe treated a public health
risk.
Œ‹˜_‚ðo‚¹‚éŠmØ‚ª‚È‚¢‚É‚àŠÖ‚í‚炸A“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÍŒöO‚ÌŒ’NƒŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽæ‚舵‚¤‚ׂ«‚ÆŽå’£‚µ‚½B
Nevertheless, the city of Solna has reached an agreement with the city of
Stockholm to move the power lines underground. Stockholm and Solna will each
pay half the cost of this project.
ƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚ƃ\ƒ‹ƒiŽs‚Í‘—“dü‚Ì’n’†‰»‚ɇˆÓ‚µAHŽ–”ï‚Ì‚»‚ꂼ‚ꔼ•ª‚Ì”ï—p‚𕉒S‚µ‚½B
i“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Í•‰’S‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ“Ç‚ß‚éBj
‚±‚Ì1999”N‚̘_•¶‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄASolna‚Å‚Í’n’†‰»‘—“dü‚ªŒšÝ‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Æ‚È‚éB
4j2010”N‚ÌŠwp˜_•¶‚É‚Ý‚éSolna‚Ì‘—“dü‚Ì’n’†‰»
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEnvironmental and Sustainable Development F@Reasons for Going Underground.
By ITA-AITES Working Group 15 gUnderground works and
the environmenth
ITA REPORT N-003 / JANUARY 2010
”sFINTERNATIONAL TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE
ASSOCIATION
‘Ûƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹E’n‰º‹óŠÔ‹¦‰ï 2010”N”s@uŠÂ‹«‚ÆŽ‘±‰Â”\‚ÈŠJ”F’n’†‰»‚Éi‚Þ——Rv‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒ[ƒLƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚Ì•ñ‘
‚±‚Ì•ñ‚Ɉȉº‚Ì1s‚Ì‹Lq‚ª‚ ‚éB
In Sweden at Solna a high voltage cable tunnel was
constructed to reduce the effects of the magnetic field on public health.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌSolna‚Å‚ÍAŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÌŠÏ“_‚©‚玥ŠE’ጸŒø‰Ê‚ׂ̈ÉB‚ˆ³‘—“dƒP[ƒuƒ‹‚ׂ̈̃gƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚ðŒšÝ‚µ‚½B
‚±‚êˆÈã‚Ì‹Lq‚Í‚È‚¢B
‚»‚±‚ÅABEMSJ‚Í‚±‚Ì‘Ûƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹E’n‰º‹óŠÔ‹¦‰ï‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ÅAu‚±‚Ì1s‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄÚׂð’m‚肽‚¢v‚Æ–â‚¢‡‚킹‚½B
‹¦‰ï‚ÌŽ––±‹Ç‚©‚çA’S“–‚̃[ƒLƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÌÓ”CŽÒ‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ª“]‘—A‚»‚±‚©‚çƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚É‚¢‚éƒ[ƒLƒ“ƒOƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚̈ψõ‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ª“]‘—A‚»‚±‚©‚炱‚Ì‘—“dü‚ÌŽÀÛ‚Ì’S“–ŽÒ‚Ƀ[ƒ‹‚ª“]‘—A‚±‚ꂾ‚¯‚̃‹[ƒg‚ÅAŽŸ€‚ÉŽ¦‚·ÅI“I‚Èî•ñ‚ª“üŽè‚Å‚«‚½B
5jSolna‚Ì‘—“dü’n’†‰»‚Ì“d—͉ïŽÐ‚ÌÓ”CŽÒE’S“–ŽÒ‚©‚ç‚Ìî•ñ
ˆÈ‰º‚̃[ƒ‹‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––
From: ¡
To: ¡
Subject:@Solna power line
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2015 02:09:06 +0100
Dear Mr.¡¡
i—ªj
Between the years 1996 and 2005 I was Project manager for the 220 kV high
voltage cable installations in two tunnel projects in the municipal of Solna,
north of Stockholm City.
1996”N‚©‚ç2005”N‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŠÔAŽ„‚̓XƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚Ì–k‚É‚ ‚éSolnaŽs“à‚Ì“ñ‚‚̃gƒ“ƒlƒ‹ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚Å‚Q‚Q‚O‚‹V‚ˆ³‘—“dƒP[ƒuƒ‹‚ð•~Ý‚·‚éƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚̃}ƒl[ƒWƒƒ[‚Å‚µ‚½B
i—ªj
The first project, the "Bergshamra tunneln" 1996-1999 is the project your pdf document
refer to.
ʼn‚̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒgBergshamra tunnel@1996-1999‚Í‚ ‚È‚½‚ªŽQÆ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚镶‘‚̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚Å‚·B
I understand that your interest for the project primarily concerns the issue of
electromagnetic fields.
Unfortunately there is no official report published for the project, at least
not that ILm aware of.
Ž„‚Í“dŽ¥ŠE–â‘肪ƒvƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚̎傽‚é–Ú“I‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚É‚ ‚È‚½‚ªŠÖS‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚Í—‰ð‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
•sK‚È‚±‚Æ‚ÉAŽ„‚Í‹C‚É‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚Å‚·‚ªA‚±‚̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍŠ§s‚³‚ꂽŒöŽ®“I‚È•ñ‘‚Í‚ ‚è‚Ü‚¹‚ñB
But I followed the projects from surveys to final
demolition of overhead lines and have a good knowledge of most subjects that
came up during the project effectuation.
Ž„‚ÍA‚±‚̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ÌŒŸ“¢‚Ì’iŠK‚©‚ç‰Ë‹ó‘—“dü‚Ì“P‹Ž‚܂ł̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ð’S“–‚µA‚±‚̃vƒƒWƒFƒNƒg‚ªis‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éŠÔA”¶‚·‚é‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚ǂ̉ۑè‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä—Ç‚¢ŒoŒ±‚ðÏ‚Ý‚Ü‚µ‚½B
i—ªj
In Bergshamra it was primarily the concern of
electromagnetic fields in the living area, and health aspects, that caused
municipal Solna to finance a tunnel instead of cables in trenches.
Bergshamra‚Å‚ÍA¶Šˆ‹óŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÆŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ªŽå‚½‚éŠÖSŽ–‚Å‚µ‚½A‚»‚µ‚ă\ƒ‹ƒiŽs‚Ía‚Ì‘ã‚í‚è‚Ƀgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚ɃP[ƒuƒ‹‚ð–„Ý‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÌŽ‘‹à‚𕉒S‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
i—ªj
–––––––––––––––––––––
6jƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“Œê‚ÌWikipedia‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“–ŠY‚Ì‘—“dü–Ô‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹Lq
The power line Untra-Darkness@
Untra-Darkness‘—“dü
Power link between Untra and Darkness is a
high-voltage transmission between Untra
Administration at Untra Bay in Dalälven
in northern Uppland and Värtaelverket
in Stockholm. The management is 132.6 km long and came into operation on 23
December 1918.
In the mid-1990s was part of the lead at Bergshamravägen
in the tunnel.
Untra‚ÆDarknessŠÔ‚Ì‘—“dü‚Í–k•”Uppland‚ÌDalalven‚ÌUntra˜p‚ÌUntraŠÇ‹æ‚ƃXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚ÌVertaelverketŠÔ‚Ì‚ˆ³‘—“dü‚Å‚ ‚éB‘—“dü‚Ì‘‰„’·‚Í132.6km‚Å‚ ‚èA1918”N12ŒŽ23“ú‚ɉ^“]‚ðŠJŽn‚µ‚½B
1990”N‚Ì”¼‚΂ÉABergshamravägen‚ł̓gƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ì’†‚ð’Ê‚é‚悤‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
Power line in the tunnel@ƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ì’†‚Ì‘—“dü
From the north passes lead the municipal boundary Solna-Stockholm in Bergshamravägen and when southern Bergshamravägen
was built with homes in the 1980s, these came very close management.
Bergshamravägen ‚ÌSolnaŽs‚ƃXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€Žs‚Ì‹«‚Ì–k•”‘—“dü˜H‚©‚çA1980”N‘ã‚ÉŒšÝ‚³‚ꂽZ‹‚Ì‚ ‚é“ì•”Bergshamravägen‚Å‚ÍA‘—“dü‚É‹ßÚ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
The ongoing public debate about the magnetic fields from power lines aroused
concern among residents and led to the final stage of the residential area in
the district of barley was put on hold.
Ž¥ŠE‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆê”ÊŒöO‚̘b‘è‚ÍAZ–¯‚ÌŠÔ‚Å•sˆÀ‚ðŠ«‹N‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
Solna Municipality decided to put some of Stockholm's first power line for a
short distance between Ålkistan and Stocksundet in a deep tunnel under the Bergshamravägen
and then was able to field plots.
ƒ\ƒ‹ƒiŽs‚ÍÅlkistan‚ÆStocksundetŠÔ‚Ì’Z‚¢‘—“dü˜H‚ðAƒXƒgƒbƒNƒzƒ‹ƒ€‚ł͉‚߂ẴP[ƒX‚Æ‚µ‚ÄABergshamravägen‚Å[‚¢ƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ì’†‚ÉÝ’u‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒˆ‚ß‚½B‚±‚ê‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽ¥ŠE‚ÍŒyŒ¸‚µ‚½B
@Wikipedia‚©‚ç
Ålkistan‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ö‚ÌÚ‘±“_
7jŒ»Ý‚Ì’n}‚È‚Ç‚É‚Ý‚é’n’†‰»˜Hü
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’n’†‰»‚³‚ꂽƒ‹[ƒg@q‹óŽÊ^‚©‚ç@@Ô‚¢–îˆó‚Ì‹æŠÔ
@Wikipedia‚æ‚è
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Ålkistan‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒgƒ“ƒlƒ‹‚Ö‚ÌÚ‘±“_‚Å‚ ‚éBGoogle‚Ìq‹ó’n}‚æ‚è
8jŒ‹˜_
‚±‚ÌSolnaŽs‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE’ጸ‚ð–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚½‘—“dü’n’†‰»‚ÍŽÀŒ»‚µ‚½B
“d—͉ïŽÐ‚Ì’S“–ŽÒ‚ªŒöŽ®“I‚È•ñ‘‚ð”s‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ªAî•ñ‚ª‚È‚¢——R‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
<BEMSJ’F@‚à‚µ‚©‚µ‚ÄA“dŽ¥ŠE‚̒ጸ‚ðŽå–Ú“I‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‰Ë‹ó‘—“dü‚ð’n’†‰»‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ÍA‚±‚¨1—Ⴕ‚©‚È‚¢‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B„