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‚S‚U‚`DƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“Œ¤‹†‚Ì‘Š‡˜_•¶2010”N
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‚T‚U‚`DInterferenceTechŽ2013”N07ŒŽ†‚̃CƒXƒ‰ƒGƒ‹Œg‘Ñ‚Æbó‘BŠà
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‚U‚SBDŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ªƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚ð—\–h2019”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†FŠ³ŽÒ‚ÅŽÀŒ±
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‚V‚PDƒMƒŠƒVƒƒPanagopoulos‚ç‚Ì2007”NŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ƃVƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒoƒG‚ÌŒ¤‹†
‚V‚QDƒMƒŠƒVƒƒPanagopoulos‚Ì2019”NŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŒ¤‹†
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‚W‚VDFragopoulou‚ç‚Ì2015”N–³ü‹@Ší‚Æü’Ž‚ÌŒ¤‹†
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹F Epidemiological
evidence on health risks of cellular telephones
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF K. J. Rothman
ŽGŽ–¼F The Lancet. Vol 356. Nov. 25 2000 P1837-40
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FAre mobile phones safe? iŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚͈À‘SHj
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í Kenneth R. Foster, University of Pennsylvania ‚Æ John E. Moulder, Medical College of
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ƒTƒ}ƒŠ[‚Ì•”•ª‚̉p•¶‚ÆŽ„‚̉¼–óAŽ„‚ÌŠ´‘z‚È‚Ç‚ðˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚Ü‚·B
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌSSI‚ÌWEB‚©‚çPDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ðƒ_ƒEƒ“ƒ[ƒh‚µ‚ÄŒ´•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B@A4‚Å40ƒy[ƒW‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B@
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÆŠà‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éˆÕŠwŒ¤‹†‚̃Œƒrƒ…[@
Epidemiologic Studies of
Cellular Telephones and Cancer Risk@- A Review@
SSI rapport: 2002:16@
September 2002@
ISSN 0282-4434@
AUTHOR: John D. Boice, Jr., Joseph K. McLaughlin.@
SUMMARY:@ŠT—v @
Cellular telephones emit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals between about
450 and 2200 MHz which fall in the microwave region of the electromagnetic
spectrum.@
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”g‘шæ‚Ì“dŽ¥”gA‚S‚T‚OMHz‚©‚ç‚Q‚Q‚O‚OMHz‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
A RF wave from a cellular
telephone contains billions of times less energy than an x-ray and is not
capable of inducing ionizations or damaging DNA. @
‚±‚ê‚çŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Žü”g“d”g‚ÍXü‚È‚Ç10‰•ª‚Ì1‚̃Gƒlƒ‹ƒM[‚µ‚©‚È‚A“d—£ì—p‚âDNA‚É‘¹‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
The rapid and widespread
use of this technology, however, has raised concern over possible adverse
health effects, in particular brain cancer. @
‚µ‚©‚µAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì‹}‘¬‚È•‹y‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É‚æ‚錒N‰e‹¿‚Ì•sˆÀ‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚Ä‚¢‚éA“Á‚É”]Žîᇂɂ‚¢‚ÄB@
A few studies which
addressed this concern in the United States and Sweden are non-informative,
either because the follow up was too short and numbers of cancers too small
(USA) or because of serious methodological limitations (Sweden).
‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Ì’†‚ÅA•Ä‘iRothman 1996j‚ƃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“iHardel 1999,2000,2002j‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍŽQl‚É‚È‚ç‚È‚¢B
‚È‚º‚È‚ç‚ÎA•Ä‘‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍŠÏŽ@ŠúŠÔ‚ª’Z‚A‚©‚Šà‚ÌǗᔂà‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍŒ¤‹†Žè–@‚É–â‘肪‚ ‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB@
In contrast, five
well-designed epidemiologic studies have been conducted in three countries by
investigators using different designs: three hospital-based case-control
studies in the United States, a registry-based case control study in Finland,
and a registry-based cohort study of over 400,000 cellular phone users in
Denmark. @
ˆê•ûA\•ª‚É‹á–¡‚³‚ꂽ‰uŠwŽè–@‚Å5‚‚̌¤‹†‚ªs‚í‚ꂽA3ƒJ‘‚ÅAˆÙ‚È‚éŽè–@‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
•Ä‘‚Ås‚í‚ꂽ3‚‚͕a‰@‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ðŠî–{‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†AƒtƒBƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ÌŠà“o˜^‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†Aƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚Ì40–œl‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b—˜—pŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÅŠà“o˜^‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB@
In our view, a consistent
picture has emerged from these studies that appears to rule out, with a
reasonable degree of certainty, a causal association between cellular
telephones and cancer to date.@
¡‰ñ‚̃Œƒrƒ…[‚Í‚±‚¤‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚Ì’†‚©‚çAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÆŠà‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAŒ»Žž“_‚ÅAŠm‚©‚È‚à‚Ì‚ðŒ©o‚·‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB@
No consistent evidence was
observed for increased risk of brain cancer, meningioma, acoustic neuroma,
ocular melanoma, or salivary gland cancer, examined over a wide range of
exposure measures, including type of phone (analogue or digital), duration of
use, frequency of use, total cumulative hours of use, tumor location and
laterality (concurrence of tumor location with hand normally used during phone
conversations). @
”]Žîᇂð‘‰Á”‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šm‚©‚ÈØ‹’‚ÍŒ©o‚¹‚È‚©‚Á‚½AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŠúŠÔAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽí—ÞA—ÝÏ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔA”]Žîᇂ̔¶‚̈ʒu‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚È‚ÇB@
These methodologically
sound epidemiologic investigations have limitations associated with any
non-experimental study, and although they are not the same across each of the
studies, the influence of bias, confounding and uncertainties in exposure
assessment cannot be completely discounted. @
‚±‚ê‚ç‚̉uŠw“I‚ÈŽè–@‚É‚ÍŒÀŠE‚ª‚ ‚éBƒoƒCƒAƒX‚âŒð—ˆöŽqA–\˜I•]‰¿‚É‚¨‚¯‚é•sŠmŽÀ«‚È‚Ç‚ðŠ®‘S‚Éœ‹Ž‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
However, increased risks
of 20% or higher can be excluded with a high level of confidence.@
”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚Q‚O“‚à‚µ‚‚Í‚»‚êˆÈã‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‘傪‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†‚à¬‰Ê‚à–³Ž‹‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B@
Complementing the human
data are the emerging results of experimental studies which have failed to
confirm earlier reports@of possible adverse
outcomes from RF exposure. @
@–óH@
Moreover, there is no biologically plausible mechanism to support a
carcinogenic effect of non-ionizing RF waves. @
‚³‚ç‚ÉA”ñ“d—£•úŽËü‚Å‚ ‚é‚Žü”g“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚锃Kƒ“‚ðà–¾‚Å‚«‚é‹@˜‚Í‚Ü‚¾Œ©‚‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B@
While the current state of
the science is reassuring, ongoing case-control studies being conducted in 13
countries using a shared protocol, and continued follow-up of cohorts of
cellular phone users, should provide further evidence regarding any possible
carcinogenic effect associated with long-term cellular telephone use.@
Œ»Ý13ƒJ‘‚Åis’†‚̉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚âƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒp‘±‚È‚Ç‚ÅA’·Šú‚ɂ킽‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚É‚æ‚锃Kƒ“‚̉”\«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄX‚È‚éŠmØ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAŒ»Ý‚̉Ȋw‚Ì󋵂ÍÄŠm”F‚³‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤B@
“à—e‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å@
–9Œ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚Æ”ƒKƒ“‚̉uŠwŒ¤‹†‚ðƒŒƒrƒ…[‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Å”‚ª‚ñ«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÍHerdel‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚¾‚¯‚Å‚ ‚éB@
–Herdel‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鎨‚É‹ß‚¢•û‚Ì”]‚Ì’†‚É”]Žîᇂª”¶‚·‚郊ƒXƒN‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB”]ŽîᇑS‘Ì‚Ì”¶‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚¢B@
–Herdel‚ÌŒ¾‚¤Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚·‚鎨‚Ì‘¤‚ÆA”]Žîᇔ¶‚Ì•”ˆÊ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𑼂̌¤‹†ŽÒ‚à’²‚ׂĂ¢‚邪A‚»‚¤‚µ‚½ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì”¶‚ÍŒŸo‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B@
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i–{—ˆ‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃R[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Å‚Í”ƒKƒ“‚Í‘‰Á‚µ‚È‚¢‚Í‚¸‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚çA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í–â‘è‚ð•ø‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éBj@
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˜_•¶–¼FEine Analyse Zur haufig behaupteten Schdlichkeit digital modulierter Mobilfunkstrahlen
ƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹•Ï’²•ûŽ®‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì–³üŽü”g”‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFBernhard Liesenkotter @
FachhochSchule Augsburg, Fachbereich
Elektrotechnik @
ŒfÚŽGŽFZ. Med. Phys, 12 (2002) 198-203@
Abstract@ŠT—v @
In the public discussion regarding the health risks of mobile phone system
radiation, it is emphasized that the pulse slope of digital modulation, as
defined in the GSM-Standard, will cause biological effects. @
Œg‘Ñ“d˜bƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ª˜_‹c‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB’†‚Å‚à‚f‚r‚l•ûŽ®‚̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹•Ï’²‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚É’–Ú‚ªW‚Ü‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
In contrast, the high field strength of broadcasting and television radiation
is not considered to be relevant.
This paper compares quantitatively the slope of the digital GSM pulses with
that of the synchronizing pulse of the television signal. @
ˆê•ûAƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—‚É‚æ‚é‹‚¢“dŽ¥”g–\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í–â‘è‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B@
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA‚f‚r‚l•ûŽ®‚̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹•Ï’²‚̃pƒ‹ƒX‚̉s‚³‚ÆAƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—‚Ì“¯ŠúM†ƒpƒ‹ƒX‚̉s‚³‚ð’è—Ê“I‚É”äŠr‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB@
The result shows clearly that the pulse spectrum of the television signal
contains that of the GSM signal; in addition, the synchronizing impulse of
television exhibits a much steeper slope.@
Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—M†‚̃pƒ‹ƒX‚Í”ñí‚É‹}s‚ȃpƒ‹ƒX“Á«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B @
Considering the countrywide normal radiation intensities of television and
mobile phone systems, it can be stated that the worldwide exposure to the
common television signals over more than 50 years can disprove the contention
of adverse biological health effects of the pulse slope of digitally modulated
radio frequency. @
‘S‘“I‚ȃeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—‚É‚æ‚é“dŽ¥”g–\˜I‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É‚æ‚é“dŽ¥”g–\˜I‚ðl‚¦‚é‚ÆAƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—‚É‚æ‚é“dŽ¥”g–\˜I‚ð‰ß‹Ž50”NˆÈã‚ɂ킽‚Á‚Ä¢ŠE’†‚ňê”Ê‚ÌlXŽó‚¯‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅAƒpƒ‹ƒX‚ÌŒX‚«‚ªƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“•ú‘—‚æ‚èŠÃ‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹•Ï’²‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é˜_‘ˆ‚É”½Ø‚Æ‚È‚éB
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ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P|‚Q‚O@
ŒfÚŽFJournal of American Medical Association, Vol.284 No.23, December 20, 2000@
˜_•¶–¼F
Cellular Telephone Use and Risk of Brain Cancer
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJoshua E.
Muscat, MPH; Mark G. Malkin, MD, FRCPC; Seth Thompson, PhD; Roy E. Shore, PhD;
Steven D. Stellman, PhD; Don McRee, PhD; Alfred I. Neugut,
MD, PhD; Ernst L. Wynder, MD@
Context: A
relative paucity of data exist on the possible health effects of using cellular
telephones.@
”wŒiFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚錒N‰e‹¿‚̉”\«‚ðŽ¦‚·‚©‚È‚è‚È‚¢ƒf[ƒ^‚ª‚ ‚éB@
Objective: To test the hypothesis
that using handheld cellular telephones is related to the risk of primary brain
cancer.@
–Ú“IFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ª”]ŽîᇂɊ֌W‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŒŸØ‚·‚éB
Design and Setting: Case-control
study conducted in 5 US academic medical centers between 1994 and 1998 using a
structured questionnaire.@
Œ¤‹†Œv‰æFŽ¿–â—pŽ†‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä1994”N‚©‚ç1998”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ÄAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚Ì5‰ÓŠ‚̈ã—ÃZƒ“ƒ^[‚Å‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†@
Patients: A total of 469 men and
women aged 18 to 80 years with primary brain cancer and 422 matched controls
without brain cancer.@
Œ¤‹†‘ÎÛF18΂©‚ç80΂̒j—A‡Œv469‚Ì”]ŽîᇂÌÇ—á‚ƃ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½”]ŽîᇈȊO‚Ì‘ÎÛŒQ422–¼@
Main Outcome Measure: Risk of brain
cancer compared by use of handheld cellular telephones, in hours per month and
years of use.@
Žå‘èFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pAŒŽ–ˆ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔAŽg—p”N”‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ðŽZo@
Results: The median monthly hours of use
were 2.5 for cases and 2.2 for controls. Compared with patients who never used
handheld cellular telephones, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) associated with
regular past or current use was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.2).
Œ‹‰ÊFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŒŽŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚Ì’†‰›’l‚ÍÇ—áŒQ2.5ŽžŠÔA‘ÎÆŒQ‚Å2.2ŽžŠÔ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚È‚¢ŒS‚É”ä‚ׂÄAŽg—pi‰ß‹Ž‚à‚µ‚‚ÍŒ»Ýj‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.85‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
The OR for infrequent users (<0.72 h/mo) was 1.0
(95% CI, 0.5-2.0) and for frequent users (>10.1 h/mo)
was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3-1.4). The mean duration of use was 2.8 years for cases and
2.7 years for controls; no association with brain cancer was observed according
to duration of use (P = .54). @
—]‚èŽg—p‚µ‚È‚¢ŒQiŒŽ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ª0.72ŽžŠÔˆÈ‰ºj‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.0A‚æ‚Žg—p‚·‚éŒQiŒŽ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ª10.1ŽžŠÔˆÈãj‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.7A•½‹Ï‚ÌŽg—pŒp‘±”N”‚ÍÇ—á‚Å2.8”NA‘ÎÆŒS‚Å2.7”NAŽŽ—pŠúŠÔ‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½B@
In cases, cerebral tumors occurred more frequently on the same side of the head
where cellular telephones had been used (26 vs 15 cases; P = .06), but
in the cases with temporal lobe cancer a greater proportion of tumors occurred
in the contralateral than ipsilateral side (9 vs 5 cases; P = .33). @
‘å”]‚Ì”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鑤‚É”]Žîᇂª”¶‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Š„‡‚ª‘½‚©‚Á‚½B@
‚µ‚©‚µAŽ¨‚½‚Ô‚ÌŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鑤‚æ‚蔽‘Α¤‚É”¶‚·‚éꇂª‘½‚©‚Á‚½B@
iŽ„‚Ì’F‚à‚µŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“d”g‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŠà‚ª”¶‚·‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎA“d”g‚Ì‹zŽû‚ª‚æ‚è‘å‚«‚¢‚Æ„’è‚Å‚«‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鑤‚ÌŽ¨‚½‚Ô‚Å‚ÌŠà”¶•p“x‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚Í‚¸‚Å‚ ‚éB‘å”]‚ÌŠà‚Å‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚·‚鑤‚Å‚Ì”¶•p“x‚ª‚‚¢‚ªAŽ¨‚½‚Ô‚Å‚Ì”¶•p“x‚ª’á‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‰½‚©‚¨‚©‚µ‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éBj@
The OR was less than 1.0 for all histologic categories of brain cancer except
for uncommon neuroepitheliomatous cancers (OR, 2.1;
95% CI, 0.9-4.7).@
‘S‚Ä‚Ì”]Žîᇂ̑gDŠw“IƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚ɑ΂·‚éƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.0ˆÈ‰º‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA_Œoã”çŽî‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚¾‚¯‚̓IƒbƒY”䂪2.1‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
Conclusions: Our data suggest that
use of handheld cellular telephones is not associated with risk of brain
cancer, but further studies are needed to account for longer induction periods,
especially for slow-growing tumors with neuronal features.@
Œ‹˜_F¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ”]ŽîᇂƂ̊֌W‚Í–³‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚½‚ªAŒp‘±‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
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‹LF‚Q‚O‚O‚X|‚U|‚T
ŒfÚŽGNew England Journal of Medicine 2001;344:79-86.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹F Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFInskip PD, et al.
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Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̶‘̂ւ̉e‹¿‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA¢ŠE•ÛŒ’‹@ŠÖ(WHO)‚ªA“d˜b‹@‚âŠî’n‹Ç‚Ì“d”g‚ªŒ’N‚Ɉ«‰e‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰ÈŠw“I‚ÉŠmŒÅ‚½‚éØ‹’‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚ÌŒ©‰ð‚ð‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚邪A“¯Žž‚ɈÀ‘S«‚ðŠmØ‚Å‚«‚é‚悤Œ¤‹†‚ði‚߂邱‚Æ‚ð„§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–Œ¤‹†‚ÌÚ×
’á‚¢SAR‚Å‚àƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g–\˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”]×–E‚ªƒ_ƒ[ƒW‚ðŽó‚¯‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚·B
ŽGŽ‚É“Še’†‚Å‚»‚̃AƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ÍWEB‚ÉŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B•MŽÒ‚Ɉ˗Š‚µ‚½‚Æ‚±‚ëA“Še’†‚̘_•¶‚̃tƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ð‘—‚Á‚Ä‚‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚R|‚Q‚T@@
˜_•¶–¼FNerve cell damage in
mammalian brain after exposure to@microwaves from GSM mobile phones@
GSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g–\˜I‚É‚æ‚éšM“û—Þ‚Ì”]‚Ì_Œo×–E‚ÌáŠQ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLeif G. Salford, Arne
E. Brun, Jacob L. Eberhardt, Lars Malmgren, Bertil R.R. Persson
Depts
of 1Neurosurgery, 2Neuropathology, 3Medical Radiation Physics and 4Applied
Electronics, Lund University, the Rausing Laboratory and Lund University
Hospital, S-22185, Lund, Sweden.
AbstractFŠT—v
The possible risks of radio-frequent electromagnetic fields for the human body,
is a growing concern for the society.
ƒ‰ƒWƒIŽü”g”‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚錒N‰e‹¿‚͎Љï“I‚ÈŠÖSŽ–‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
We have earlier shown that weak pulsed microwaves give
rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
‰äX‚̉ߋŽ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA”÷Žã‚ȃpƒ‹ƒX«ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA”]ŠÖ–å‚ðƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“‚ª“§‰ß‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Now we have investigated whether a pathological leakage
over the BBB might be combined with damage to the neurons.
¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA”]ŠÖ–å‚Ì“§‰ß‚ªƒmƒCƒƒ“i_Œo“Ë‹Nj‚ÉáŠQ‚ð—^‚¦‚é‚©‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
Three groups of each 8 rats were exposed for 2 hours to
GSM mobile phone electromagnetic fields of different strengths.
8•C‚¸‚‚Ì3ŒQ‚̃‰ƒbƒg‚ɈقȂ鋓x‚ÌGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ð2ŽžŠÔ–\˜I‚µ‚½B
We found, and present here for the first time, highly
significant (p<0.002) evidence for neuronal damage in both the cortex, the
hippocampus and the basal ganglia in the brains of exposed rats.
‚»‚µ‚ÄA‚±‚±‚ÉA‰‚ß‚ÄŽ¦‚·‚悤‚ÉA–\˜I‚µ‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚Ì’†‚ÌŠC”n‚È‚Ç‚ÅAƒmƒCƒƒ“‚É—LˆÓ‚É‚‚¢áŠQ‚ª”¶‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚Á‚½B
Material and Methods@Œ¤‹†Žè–@‚Ì’†‚©‚ç
The peak output power from the GSM mobile telephone fed into two TEM-cells
simultaneously for 2 hours were 10 mW, 100 mW and 1000 mW per cell,
respectively.
2ŽžŠÔAGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì–³ü“d—Í‚ðTEMƒZƒ‹‚Ɉó‰Á‚µ‚½Aƒs[ƒN‹“x‚Í10mW,100mW,1000mW‚Å‚ ‚éB
This exposed the rats to peak power densities of 0.24.
2.4 and 24W/m2, respectively. This exposure resulted in average whole-body
specific absorption rates@(SAR) of 2 mW/kg, 20 mW/kg and 200 mW/kg, respectively.
‚±‚ê‚ÍA“d—Í–§“x‚Å‚ÍA0.24A2.4A24W/m2‚É‘Š“–‚µAƒ‰ƒbƒg‚̎󂯂éSAR‚ÍA‘Sg–\˜I‚ÅA2mW/kg,
20mW/kg and 200mW/kg‚Æ‚È‚éB
‚Qm‚v/kg‚Ì–\˜I‚Å‚à‰e‹¿‚ªŒ»‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i‚Ì’Ç‹LF
ICNIRP‚̈ê”ÊŒöO‚ɑ΂·‚é‹K’è‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì–³üŽü”g”‚ÅA‘Sg•½‹Ï–\˜ISARF80mW/kgA“ª•”‚Ö‚Ì‹Ç•”–\˜ISARF‚QW/kg‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA‚s‚d‚lƒZƒ‹‚ÅA‰“•ûŠE‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚¹‚é󋵂Ń}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ðƒ‰ƒbƒg‚É—‚Ñ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚éB
l‚ªŽg—p‚·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌꇂÍA“ª•”‚ɃAƒ“ƒeƒi‚ª‹ßÚ‚µ‚Ä’u‚©‚êA‹ß–TŠE‚Å‚ ‚èA‹Ç•”“I‚È–\˜I‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB@‚¿‚å‚Á‚ÆðŒ‚ªˆÙ‚È‚éB
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
Micro Wave News May 2003‚É‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é˜_•]‚ªÐ‰î‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚P‚O|‚Q
–––––––––––––––––––
Swedish BBB Research Faulty, Says German Wireless Group@
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌBBBŒ¤‹†‚Í‹^‚킵‚¢A‚Æ@ƒhƒCƒc‚Ì–³üŒ¤‹†ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍŒ¾‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Reviews commissioned by FGF, the German telecom industry research group, cast
doubt on the validity of the Salford-Persson experiments on the effects of RF
radiation on the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
FGFƒhƒCƒc‚Ì’ÊMH‹Æ‰ï‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äs‚í‚ꂽƒŒƒrƒ…[‚ÍA‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚é”]ŠÖ–å‚̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éSalford-Persson‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Ì—LŒø«‚É‹^–â‚ð“Š‚°‚©‚¯‚½B
FGF is now sponsoring in vitro studies of RF radiation and the BBB, according
to Dr. Gerd Friedrich, FGF's managing director in Bonn.
FGF‚ÍŒ»ÝA‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Æ”]ŠÖ–å‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒCƒ“ƒrƒgƒ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̃Xƒ|ƒ“ƒT[‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éAƒ{ƒ“‚ÌFGF‚ÌŠÇ—ŽÒFriedrich‚ÍAŒê‚Á‚½B
Cells are being exposed to UMTS (3G) phone radiation; experiments with GSM
signals are being planed. Results are scheduled to be
released at the 2004 annual meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics
Society.
×–E‚ÍUMTS‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Å‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚³‚炳‚êAGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Å‚ÌŽŽŒ±‚àŒv‰æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éAŒ‹‰Ê‚Í2004”N‚ÌBEMS‘‰ï‚Å”•\‚·‚é—\’è‚Å‚ ‚éB
Friednch declined to say who is leading the study,
but Microwave News has learned that the principal investigator is Dr. Florian Stogbauer of the University of Munster.
Friednch‚Í‚¾‚ꂪ‚»‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̃Š[ƒ_‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚𖾊m‚É‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ªA–{•ÒW•”‚Å‚ÍMunster‘åŠw‚ÌStogbauer‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚Á‚½B
Earlier this year, Drs. Leif Salford and Bertil Persson of Sweden's University
of Lund reported that extremely low levels of GSM radiation can increase the
permeability of the BBB and cause nerve cell damage in rats (see MWN. J/F03).
Lund‘åŠw‚ÌSalford‚ÆPersson‚Í¡”N‚̉‚ß‚ÉAGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚̒჌ƒxƒ‹‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA‚Ë‚¸‚Ý‚Ì”]ŠÖ–å‚Å‚Ì“§‰ß‚ª‘‰Á‚µA_Œo×–E‚ÌáŠQ‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð•ñ‚µ‚½B
FGF is also hosting a workshop on RF and the BBB, to be held in Reisensburg, near Ulm, Germany, November 3 - 6 (see p.12).
Salford has been invited, Friedrich told Microwave News, adding that Persson is
also welcome.
FGF‚Í¡”N‚Ì11ŒŽReisensburg‚Å‚Žü”g–\˜I‚Æ”]ŠÖ–å‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒ[ƒNƒVƒ‡ƒbƒv‚ðŽå·‚éBSalford‚͵‘Ò‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éAPersson‚ÌŽQ‰Á‚àŠ½Œ}‚·‚éA‚ÆFriedrich‚Í–{•ÒW•”‚ÉŒê‚Á‚½B
In the first of three sharply critical reviews published in the March issue of
the FGF Newsletter, Dr. Roland Glaser contendsi’fŒ¾‚·‚éjthat
the Lund researchers made many errors and violated the rules adopted by the
international scientific community to assure high-quality research.
FGFƒjƒ…[ƒXƒŒƒ^[‚Ì3ŒŽ†‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽ3‚‚̂·‚é‚Ç‚”á•]“I‚ȃŒƒrƒ…[‚̈ê”ÔŽè‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAGlaser‚ÍAƒ‹ƒ“ƒh‘åŠw‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í‘½‚‚̊ԈႢ‚Æ‚•iŽ¿‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚ð•âž‚·‚邽‚ß‚É‘Û“I‚ȉȊw‚Ì¢ŠE‚ÅÌ—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚錈‚Ü‚è‚Ɉᔽ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ’fŒ¾‚µ‚½B
Among the alleged shortcomings are: the exposure of a small number of rats; the
lack of a double-blind protocol; poorly characterized exposures; and the
failure to include appropriate controls in the study design.
‹^‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚錇“_‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA1) –\˜I‚µ‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”‚Ì‚È‚³@2)
2d–ÓŒŸ–@‚ÌŒ‡”@@3) –\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚ ‚¢‚Ü‚¢‚È‹LqA‚»‚µ‚ÄŒ¤‹†•û–@‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“K؂ȧŒä‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ÉŽ¸”s‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é@‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
According to Glaser, who is a professor emeritus at Humboldt University in
Berlin, Salford and Persson also fail to address previous research by other
labs that failed to see effects.
ƒxƒ‹ƒŠƒ“‚ÌHumboldt‘åŠw‚Ì–¼—_‹³Žö‚Å‚ ‚éGlaser‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎASalford‚ÆPersson‚͉e‹¿‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†Š‚Ås‚í‚ꂽ‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ɘ_‹y‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÉŽ¸”s‚µ‚½A‚ÆB
In the second critique, Drs. Helmut Franke, Frank Gollnick and Sheila Johnston
contend that the Swedes' measurements of nerve cell degeneration and leakage
through the BBB are unreliable. They argue that the type of degeneration
observed is common and could be the result of aging rather than radiation.
2”Ԗڂ̔ᔻŽÒ‚ÍAFranke‚ç‚Å‚ ‚èA_Œo×–E‚Ì•ÏŽ¿‚Æ”]ŠÖ–å‚Ì“§‰ß‚̃XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‘ª’è‚ÍM—Š«‚ª‚È‚¢‚ÆB
ŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽ•ÏŽ¿‚̃^ƒCƒv‚Í‚æ‚‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ÅA“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÌçtŽË‚É‚æ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚æ‚è‚ÍA‰Á—î‚É”º‚Á‚Ä‚à‹N‚±‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éA‚ÆB
Johnston, a
consultant based in London, states in a separate comment that the Lund team
overreached in raising the possibility that the reported effects could have an
impact on neurological health. Like Stogbauer, Franke
is at the University of Munster; Gollnick is an advisor to FGF.
ƒƒ“ƒhƒ“‚̃Rƒ“ƒTƒ‹ƒ^ƒ“ƒg‚Å‚ ‚éJohnston‚ÍAŒÂ•Ê‚ɃRƒƒ“ƒg‚ð”•\‚µ‚½ALund‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í•ñ‚³‚ꂽŒø‰Ê‚ª_ŒoŠÖŒW‚ÌŒ’N‚ɉe‹¿‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰Â”\«‚ðA“x‚ð‰z‚µ‚ÄŒ¾‚¢‰ß‚¬‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚¾‚ß‚Å‚ ‚éA‚ÆBi‚±‚Ì•”•ª‚Ì–ó‚ÍHHj
overreach‚̂悤‚ÉAFranke‚ÍMunster‘åŠw‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚èAGollnick‚Í‚e‚f‚e‚̃AƒhƒoƒCƒU[‚Å‚ ‚éB
In concluding his commentary, Glaser writes that it is "a pity" that
such results are presented to the public without peer review.
ƒRƒƒ“ƒg‚Ì‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAGlaser‚Íu¸“Ç‘O‚ÉŒöO‚É‚±‚¤‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†¬‰Ê‚ðŒöŠJ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÍŽc”O‚È‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éA‚Æ–O‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In fact, Environmental Health Perspectives stated on its Web site that Salford
and Persson's paper "has been peer-reviewed, revised and accepted for
publication." Their paper, which was first posted on the Web in January,
is now in print in the June issue of Environmental Health Perspectives (111,
pp.881 -883, 2003). '
Ž–ŽÀAEnvironmental Health Perspectives‚Í‚»‚ÌWEB‚ÅuSalford and Persson‚̘_•¶‚ÍA¸“Ç‚ðŒo‚ÄA‘‚«’¼‚µ‚ðs‚¢A³”F‚³‚ê‚Ä‚©‚ç”s‚³‚ê‚év‚Æ–¾‹L‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚Í1ŒŽ‚ÉWEB‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚êA2003”N6ŒŽ†‚ÌEHPŽ‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽB
The March issue of the FGF Newsletter is available in pdf format at:
<www.fgf.de>. It is currently only in German, but an English translation
will soon be posted on the Web site, Friednch said.
FGFƒjƒ…[ƒXƒŒƒ^[‚Ì3ŒŽ†‚Ípdfƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÅWEB‚ÉŒöŠJ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBŒ»Ý‚̓hƒCƒcŒê‚Ì‚Ý‚Å‚ ‚邪A‰pŒê”Å‚àWEB‚ÉŒfÚ‚·‚é—\’è‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAFriednch‚ÍŒê‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––
Œ´’˜‚ð“üŽèA‚»‚ÌŠT—v‚ƃAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ð‰¼–ó‚µ‚½B@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚W|‚P‚Q@
ŒfÚŽFlnt Arch Allergy lmmuno1 2002;129:348-350
˜_•¶–¼FEnhancement
of Al1ergic Skin Whea1i‚Ý‚Ý‚¸Žîi‚Îj‚êj Responses by
Microwave Radiation from Mobi1e Phones in Patients with Atopic EczemaiŽ¼]j/Dermatitisi”畆‰Š.j Syndrome@
ƒAƒgƒs[«Ž¼]E”畆‰ŠÇŒóŒQ‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“d”g‚É‚æ‚é”畆‚̃AƒŒƒ‹ƒM[”½‰ž‚Ì‘i
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHajime Kimata@
Department of A1lergy, Unitika Central Hospital, Uji, Kyoto, Japan@
Abstract @
Microwave radiation from mobile phones enhanced skin wheal responses induced by
house dust miteiƒ_ƒjjand Japanese
cedar pollen while it had no effect on wheal responses induced by histamine in
patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). @
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“d”g”˜˜I‚ÍAƒAƒgƒs[«Ž¼]E”畆‰ŠÇŒóŒQi‚`‚d‚c‚rj‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAƒqƒXƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ɑ΂µ‚Ă͉e‹¿‚ª‚È‚¢‚ªA‰Æƒ_ƒj‚♂̉ԕ²‚ɑ΂·‚é”畆‚̃AƒŒƒ‹ƒM[”½‰ž‚ð‘i‚³‚¹‚éB@
Microwave radiation also
increased plasma levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactiveiŒŒŠÇ‚Éì—p‚·‚éjintestinali’°‚ð–`‚·jpeptideiƒyƒvƒ`ƒhj(VIP) in patients with AEDS.
“d”g”˜˜I‚Í‚Ü‚½A‚`‚d‚c‚rŠ³ŽÒ‚ÌŒŒ‰t’†‚Ì•¨Ž¿‚oi‚r‚oj‚Æ‚u‚h‚o‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚éB@
These results indicate that
microwave radiation from mobile phones may enhance allergen-induced wheal
responses in association with the release of SP and VIP.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚©‚çŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“d”g”˜˜I‚Í‚r‚o‚â‚u‚h‚o‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ÄA”畆‚̃AƒŒƒ‹ƒM[”½‰ž‚ð‘i‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
This finding may be useful in
elucidating the pathophysiologyi•a—¶—ŠwHj and treatment of AEDS.@
‚±‚Ì’mŒ©‚Í•a—¶—Šw“I‚ȉ𖾂Ƃ`‚q‚c‚r‚ÌŽ¡—ÂɗLŒø‚©‚à’m‚ê‚È‚¢B@
Úׂ̓eƒLƒXƒg‘S•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B@
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEFFECT OF 2 HOUR GSM-900 MICROWAVE EXPOSURES
AT 2.0, 0.5, AND 0.12 W/kg ON PLASMA PROTEIN EXTRAVASATION IN RAT BRAIN AND
DURA MATER.
2ŽžŠÔ‚ÌGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜bƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜Ii2.0A0.5A0.12W/kgj‚É‚¨‚¯‚郉ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚Æd–Œ‚É‚¨‚¯‚錌Ÿ÷ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿‚ÌZo‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGF. Töre, P.E. Dulou,E. Haro, B. Veyret, P. Aubineau.
CNRS UMR 5017, Universite Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
ŒfÚŽFBEMS 2003 meeting ABSTRACT
–Ú“I
‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÌGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚æ‚é”]ŠÖ–å‚ÌZ“§«‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚Í‘Š”½‚·‚錋‰Ê‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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2ŽžŠÔ‚Ì”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚錌Ÿ÷ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿‚ÌZo‚ÍA“ª•”‚ÌSAR0.12‚©‚ç2W/kg‚ÅŽÀŒ ‚ðs‚Á‚½B‚±‰e‹¿‚̓‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚Æd–Œ‚Å•]‰¿‚ðs‚Á‚½B
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ŽÀŒ±•û–@
250g‚Ì‘Ìd‚Ì70•C‚ÌSDƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ð—p‚¢‚½B6ŒQ‚É•ªŠ„‚µ‚½A‚PjƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹A‚Qj‹[Ž—”˜˜IA‚Rj”˜˜IA‚SjŒðŠ·_ŒoØœp‚ðs‚¢‹[Ž—–\˜I@‚TjŒðŠ·_ŒoØœp‚ðs‚¢–\˜I@‚Uj‚½‚ñ‚Ï‚Ž¿Zo‚ª‹N‚±‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚½ƒ|ƒWƒeƒBƒuƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŒQBƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ÍŽ”ˆç¬‰®‚Å2ƒ–ŒŽŠÔŽ”‚í‚êA‘Ìd‚ª‚S‚O‚O|‚S‚T‚O‚‡‚É‚È‚Á‚½‚Æ‚«‚ÉŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚ÍAŒðŠ·_ŒoØœp‚É‚æ‚Á‚Äd–Œ‰ŠÇ‚ð‹N‚·‚½‚ß‚É•K—v‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½BŽèp‚Å“ñ‚‚Ìèò•”‚Ì_Œoß‚ðØœ‚µA”]‚Æd–Œ‚ÌŒŒŠÇ‚ð”’B‚³‚¹‚½B
2ƒ–ŒŽ‚Ɉø‚«‘±‚«A1TŠÔ‚ÌŠÔAƒƒPƒbƒg‚ÌŒ`‚ð‚µ‚½ŽŽŒ±‘•’u‚ÉŠµ‚炵‚½B‘S‚Ẵ‰ƒbƒg‚É‚ÍŽÀŒ±ŠJŽn24ŽžŠÔ‘O‚É‘å‘Ú•”“®–¬‚ÆÖ¬‚ɃJƒe[ƒeƒ‹‚ð‘}“ü‚µ‚½B
ƒƒPƒbƒg‚ÌŒ`‚ð‚µ‚½ŽŽŒ±‘•’u‚É“ü‚ê‚ÄA2ŽžŠÔA–\˜I‚à‚µ‚‚Í‹[Ž—”˜˜I‚ð‚¨‚±‚È‚Á‚½B
èò•”‚̕Б¤‚ª—Ç‚”˜˜I‚·‚é‚悤‚ÉA‘ÌŽ²‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä5“xŒX‚¯‚ÄA“ª•”‚Ìã‚Ƀ‹[ƒvƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚ð’u‚¢‚Ä”˜˜I‚ðs‚Á‚½B
“®–¬‚ÌŒŒˆ³‚ðƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g–\˜I’†‚Ƀ‚ƒjƒ^‚µ‚½B
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d–Œ‚Æ”]‚Í•a—Šw“I‚ÈŽè–@‚ÅŽæ‚èo‚µ‚½Bd–Œ‚Í’¼‚¿‚ÉA‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒuŒõŒ°”÷‹¾ŽŽŒ±‚É‚©‚¯‚ç‚ꂽB
ŒŸ¸‚Éæ—§‚Á‚ÄA”]‚Í—â‹pƒ~ƒNƒƒg[ƒ‚ÅŒ°”÷‹¾•W–{‚ð컂µA’f–Ê‚ÍABSA-FITC‚Ì“Á«ŒuŒõ‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚邽‚ß‚ÉABSA‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŠÔÚ“I‚ȖƉu‘gD‰»Šw“I‚Ȉ—‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Œ‹‰Ê
ƒƒPƒbƒg‚ÉŽ—‚½ŽŽŒ±‘•’u‚É“ü‚ꂽ‘S‚Ẵ‰ƒbƒg‚ÌŒŒˆ³‚Í‚P‚O‚O|‚P‚R‚O‚‚Hg‚ųí”͈͂ł ‚Á‚½B
”]‚Ì”]ŠÖ–å‚ɉe‹¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚é‚P‚V‚O‚‚Hg‚Í’´‚¦‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚Ü‚½AŒŒˆ³‚Ì•½‹Ï’l‚ÆŒÂX‚̃‰ƒbƒg‚É‚¨‚¯‚éZo‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Œ°”÷‹¾ŠÏŽ@‚Å‚ÍAd–Œ‚Æ”]‚ÌŽå—v•”•ªi”]ŽÀŽ¿j‚Æ‚à‚ÉAƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹ŒQ‚Æ‹[Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍAŒŸo‰Â”\‚ÈBAS-FITCZo‚ÍŠÏŽ@‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
SAR‚ª0.5W/kg‚Æ‚QW/kg‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚𔘘I‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Å‚ÍAd–Œ‚Æ”]ŽÀŽ¿‚Ì[‘w”玿‚Ì•”•ª‚ÅA–¾‚ç‚©‚ÈZo‚ªŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB
‚±‚Ì•”•ª‚ÍAƒ‹[ƒvƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Ì’¼‰º‚Å‚ ‚èA“ª’¸•”‚Æ‘O“ª•”‚Ì‘å”]”玿‚Å‚à‚Á‚Æ‚à‚‚¢”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚½•”•ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒðŠ·_ŒoØœp‚ðŽ{‚µA‹[Ž—”˜˜I‚ðs‚Á‚½ŒQ‚Å‚ÍAZo‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜IŒQ‚æ‚茰’˜‚Å‚ ‚èAd–Œ‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í‚È‚A”]‚ÌŠe•”‚Å‚àŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB
‚±‚ÌZo‚ÍŒðŠ·_ŒoØœp‚ðŽ{‚µAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ðs‚Á‚½ŒQ‚Å‚ÍA’˜‚µ‚¢‘‰Á‚ðŒ©‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃‰ƒbƒg‚ÉŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Ì‹ß–T‚Ì”]‚Ì•”•ª‚Æd–Œ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒuŒõ‚ÍAZ“§«ŽhŒƒ‚Ń|ƒWƒeƒBƒuƒRƒ“ƒgƒ[ƒ‹‚Æ‚µ‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Å‚ÌŠÏŽ@Œ‹‰Ê‚ÆŽ—‚Ä‚¢‚éB
0.12W/kg‚Ì”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚Íd–Œ‚Å‚à”]ŽÀŽ¿‚Å‚àZo‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
CONCLUSION: Œ‹˜_
At high and moderate SAR values (2 W/kg and 0.5 W/kg averaged over the brain),
GSM microwaves induced respectively marked and discrete permeabilization of
intracranial “àblood vessels, both
in the meninge and in the brain parenchyma.
‚E’†”˜˜I‚ÌSARi“ª•”•½‹ÏSAR‚Å2W/kg,0.5W/kgj‚ÌGSMƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÍA“ªŠWœ“àid–Œ‹y‚Ñ”]ŽÀŽ¿j‚ÌŒŒŠÇ‚Ì“§‰ß«‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
This permeabilization is much more prominent in animals
made ginflammation-proneh by
the degeneration of their cranial sympathetic supply leading to complex trophic
phenomena, which favor both the hyper-development of pro-inflammatory
structures such as the parasympathetic and sensory inputs as well as mast
cells, and changes in the structure of blood vessels themselves.
‚±‚Ì“§‰ß«‚ÍA“ªŠW“àŒðŠ´_Œo‚Ì‘Þ‰»‚É‚æ‚éŒðŠ´_Œo‰ŠÇ‚ÌŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚郉ƒbƒg‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä“Ëo‚µA•¡ŽG‚ȉh—{ã‚ÌŒ»Û‚ð’悵‚Ä‚¢‚½B
‚±‚ÌŒ»Û‚Í•›ŒðŠ´_Œo‚̂悤‚È‘O‰ŠÇ«\‘¢‚̉ߓx‚Ìi“W‚âAƒ}ƒXƒg×–E‚̂悤‚ÈŠ´ŠoŽó—eŠíAŒŒŠÇ‚»‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Ì\‘¢•Ï‰»‚ÉAŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB
Permeabilization was not observed at the lower
averaged SAR value presently tested, i.e., 0.12 W/kg.
0.12W/‚‹‚‡‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½’ᔘ˜I‚Å‚ÍA“§‰ß«‚̕ω»‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
In the outer meninge, corresponding local SAR levels can be estimated
respectively at around 20, 5 and 1.2 W/kg, the last two being unlikely to
induce noticeable local increase in temperature.
ŠOŽü‚Ìd–Œ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA„’肳‚ꂽ‹Ç•”SAR’l‚Q‚OA‚TW/kg‚ł͑̉·‚Ì‹Ç•”“I‚È‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚ÍŽv‚¦‚È‚¢B
Experiments designed to measure possible temperature increases as a function of
depth are in progress.
‘̉·‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚É’…–Ú‚µ‚½ŽÀŒ±‚ªis’†‚Å‚ ‚éB
‹L;2017-8-7@WEB‚ÉЉî
*Wired vision‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹LŽ–‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½¡
http://wiredvision.jp/news/200911/2009111622.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@
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2009”N11ŒŽ16“ú
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wLive@Sciencex‚Ì‹LŽ–‚È‚Ç‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̃G[ƒŒƒuƒ‹[(Örebro)‘åŠw‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒ`[ƒ€‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì—˜—p‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAŒŒ—¬’†‚̃gƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒ`ƒ“‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿‚Ì—Ê‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Ƃ𔌩‚µ‚½B
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‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚̕ω»‚ª”]‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä—Ç‚¢‚à‚Ì‚©ˆ«‚¢‚à‚Ì‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ¤‹†ƒ`[ƒ€‚ÍŒ¾‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤B
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–‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚͈ȉº‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFToxicol Lett. 2009 Aug 25; 189(1):63-6. Epub 2009
May 7.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to an 890-MHz mobile phone-like signal
and serum levels of S100B and transthyretin in volunteers.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSöderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L.
Department of Oncology, University Hospital, School of Health and Medical
Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro SE-701 87, Sweden
ŠT—v
Whether low-intensity non-thermal microwave radiation alters the integrity of
the blood-brain barrier has been debated since the late 1970s, yet no
experimental study has been carried out on humans.
’á“d—Í–§“x‚Ì”ñ”MŒø‰ÊƒŒƒxƒ‹‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ª”]ŠÖ–åiBBBj‹@”\‚ð—ò‰»‚³‚¹‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä1970”N‘ãˆÈ~A˜_‘ˆ‚ª‘±‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚µ‚©‚àA‚±‚̈Č‚̓qƒg‚ɑ΂·‚éŽÀŒ±‚ªs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
The aim of this study was to test, using peripheral markers, whether exposure
to a mobile phone-like signal alters the integrity of the human blood-brain and
blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÍA––½ƒ}[ƒJ[‚ðŽg‚Á‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ð–Í‹[‚µ‚½”˜˜I‚ªl‚Ì”]ŠÖ–å‚̳í‚È‹@”\‚ð•Ï‰»‚³‚¹‚é‚©‚ðŽŽ‚·‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
A provocation study was carried out that exposed 41 volunteers to a 30 min GSM
890 MHz signal with an average specific energy absorption rate distribution of
1.0 W/kg in the temporal area of the head as measured over any 1g of contiguous
tissue.
1‚‡‚ ‚½‚è‚Å‘ª’肵‚½‘¤“ª•”‚Å‚ÌSAR‚ª1.0W/‡s‚É‚È‚é‚悤‚ÈGSMŒg‘Ñ890MHz‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ð30•ªA41l‚̃{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒA‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
The outcome was assessed by changes in serum concentrations of two putative
markers of brain barrier integrity, S100B and transthyretin.
”]ŠÖ–å‹@”\‚Ìó‘Ô‚ð„’è‚·‚éƒ}[ƒJ[A‚r100‚a‚ƃgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒVƒ“‚ÌŒŒ’†”Z“x‚̕ω»‚ÅA”»’è‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Repeated blood sampling before and after the provocation showed no statistically
significant increase in the serum levels of S100B, while for transthyretin a
statistically significant increase was seen in the final blood sample 60 min
after the end of the provocation as compared to the prior sample taken
immediately after provocation (p=0.02).
ŽŽŒ±‘O‚ÆŒã‚ÅÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ÍAŒŒ’†‚ÌS100B‚Í—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
ƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒVƒ“‚ÍŽŽŒ±’¼Œã‚ÉÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽÀŒ±Œã60•ªŒã‚ÉÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ÅA“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽB
The clinical significance of this finding, if any, is unknown.
Further randomized studies with use of additional more brain specific markers
are needed.
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Tore‚ç‚Í2001”N‚ÉC‰äX‚Æ“¯—l‚̃‹[ƒvƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚ÄC”]•½‹ÏSAR2W/kg‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ðƒ‰ƒbƒg“ª•”‚É2ŽžŠÔÆŽË‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èCBBB‹@”\‚ª”j’]‚µÃ–¬“à“Š—^‚µ‚½FITC-BSA‚ÌŒŒŠÇŠO˜Ro‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚ð”•\‚µ‚½D
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‰äX‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚àC“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I’¼Œã‚©‚瓪•”‰·“x㸂ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽD‚µ‚©‚µC‚»‚̉·“x‚ÍC”]“à‚æ‚è‚à‚‰·‚É‚È‚é‚Æ—\‘z‚³‚ê‚铪’¸•””牺‚Å‚à42Ž‚ÉŽŠ‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½D‚‚܂èC”]“à‚̉·“x‚ª42Ž–¢–ž‚É•ÛŽ‚³‚ꂽ‚Ü‚Ü‚ÅC”]‚É‚Í•½‹ÏSAR‚Å35W/kg‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ªÆŽË‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éD
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–{ŽÀŒ±‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ÍC‰äX‚Ì”˜˜I‘•’u‚Å•‰‰×‚Å‚«‚éÅ‘å‚Ì”]•½‹ÏSAR’l35W/kg‚Æ‚¢‚¤ðŒ‰º‚ÅC‚©‚ÂBBB‹@”\”j’]‚̉·“x臒l‚ð‰º‰ñ‚鉷“x”͈͓à‚ÅC“dŽ¥”g‚»‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽä‹N‚³‚ê‚éBBB‹@”\”j’]‚ðŠú‘Ò‚µ‚½‚ªC‘gDŠw“IŒŸ¸‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚à—z«”½‰ž‚ÍŠÏŽ@‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½D
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽGMol Neurobiol. 2015
Aug;52(1):478-91.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FActivation of VEGF/Flk-1-ERK Pathway Induced
Blood-Brain Barrier Injury After Microwave Exposure.
@VEGF/Flk-1-ERKŒo˜H‚ÌŠˆ«‰»‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜IŒã‚ÉŒŒ‰t”]ŠÖ–åáŠQ‚ð—U“±‚µ‚½B
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFWang LF, Li X, Gao YB, Wang SM, Zhao L, Dong J, Yao
BW, Xu XP, Chang GM, Zhou HM, Hu XJ, Peng RY.
Abstract@ŠT—v
Microwaves have been suggested to induce neuronal injury and increase
permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the mechanism remains
unknown.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Í_Œo×–E‘¹‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚êAŒŒ‰t”]ŠÖ–å(BBB)‚Ì“§‰ß«‚ð‚‚ß‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚邪AƒƒJƒjƒYƒ€‚Í‚¢‚Ü‚¾–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
The role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Flk-1-Raf/MAPK kinase
(MEK)/extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in structural and
functional injury of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following microwave exposure
was examined.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”¶‚·‚éAŒŒ‰t”]ŠÖ–å(BBB)‚Ì\‘¢“I‘¹‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‹@”\áŠQ‚Å‚ÌŒŒŠÇ“à”ç‘BˆöŽq(VEGF)/Flk-1-Raf/MAPKƒLƒi[ƒ[(MEK)/extracellular-regulatedƒvƒƒeƒCƒ“ƒLƒi[ƒ[(ERK)Œo˜H‚Ì–ðŠ„‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
An in vitro BBB model composed of the ECV304 cell line and primary rat cerebral
astrocytes was exposed to microwave radiation (50mW/cm2, 5 min).
ŽŽŒ±ŠÇ“àŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ÌBBBƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ÍECV304×–EŒn‚ÅŒ`¬‚µA‚»‚µ‚ÄA‘æˆê’iŠK‚̃‰ƒbƒg”]‚̯ó×–E‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É”˜˜I(50mW/cm2A5•ªŠÔ)‚µ‚½B
ƒBEMSJ’G“d”g”˜˜IŠî€‚ð1mW/cm2‚Æ‚·‚ê‚ÎA50”{A‰·“x‚ª1“x㸂·‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚锘˜I‹“x‚Å‚ÌŽÀŒ±„
The structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the
permeability was assessed by measuring trans-endothelial electrical resistance
(TEER) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transmission.
\‘¢•¨‚Í‘–¸Œ^“dŽqŒ°”÷‹¾(SEM)‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŠÏŽ@‚³‚êA“§‰ß«‚ÍŒo“à”ç“d‹C’ïR(TEER)‚¨‚æ‚Ѽ—mƒƒTƒrƒyƒ‹ƒIƒLƒVƒ_[ƒ[(HRP)“`’B‚𑪒肷‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä•]‰¿‚³‚ꂽB
Activity and expression of VEGF/Flk-1-ERK pathway components and occludin also were examined.
VEGF/Flk-1-ERKŒo˜H¬•ª‚Ì”Œ»‚ÆŠˆ«A‚»‚µ‚ăIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½B
Our results showed that microwave radiation caused intercellular tight
junctions to broaden and fracture with decreased TEER values and increased HRP
permeability.
‰äX‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÍATEER’l‚̒ቺ‚Æ‹¤‚É—h‚邬‚ÆLˆæ‰»‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É×–EŠÔƒ^ƒCƒgŒ‹‡‚ð‹N‚±‚µAHRP“§‰ß«‚ð‚‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
After microwave exposure, activation of the VEGF/Flk-1-ERK pathway and Tyr
phosphorylation of occludin were observed, along with
down-regulated expression and interaction of occludin
with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1).
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ÅAVEGF/Flk-1-ERKŒo˜H‚ÌŠˆ«‰»‚¨‚æ‚уIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“‚ÌTyr‚̃Šƒ“Ž_‰»‚ÍA¬‘Ñoccludens-1(ZO-1)‚𔺂Á‚½ƒIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“‚̉º•û§Œä”Œ»‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘ŠŒÝì—p‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB
After Flk-1 (SU5416) and MEK1/2 (U0126) inhibitors were used, the structure and
function of the BBB were recovered.
Flk-1(SU5416)‚¨‚æ‚ÑMEK1/2(U0126)‘jŠQÜ‚ªŽg—p‚³‚ꂽŒãABBB‚Ì\‘¢‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‹@”\‚Í•œ‹A‚µ‚½B
The increase in expression of ERK signal transduction molecules was muted,
while the expression and the activity of occludin
were accelerated, as well as the interactions of occludin
with p-ERK and ZO-1 following microwave radiation.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚Æp-ERK‚ÆZO-1‚Æ‹¤‚ɃIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“‚Ì‘ŠŒÝì—p‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉAƒIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“”Œ»‚¨‚æ‚ÑŠˆ“®‚ð‰Á‘¬‚µ‚½ˆê•û‚ÅAERKƒVƒOƒiƒ‹“`’B•ªŽq‚Ì”Œ»‚Ì‘‘å‚̓~ƒ…[ƒg‚³‚ꂽB
Thus, microwave radiation may induce BBB damage by activating the
VEGF/Flk-1-ERK pathway, enhancing Tyr phosphorylation of occludin,
while partially inhibiting expression and interaction of occludin
with ZO-1.
‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAZO-1‚É‚æ‚Á‚ăIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“”Œ»‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘ŠŒÝì—p‚ð‘jŠQ‚·‚éˆê•ûAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÍAVEGF/Flk-1-ERKŒo˜H(ƒIƒNƒ‹ƒfƒBƒ“‚ÌTyr‚̃Šƒ“Ž_‰»‚ð‘£i‚·‚é)‚ðŠˆ«‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚èBBB‘¹‚ð—U”‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
BEMSJ’G”˜˜IŠî€‚Ì50”{‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹“x‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ÅABBB‹@”\‚Ì‘¹‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†A“ï‰ðB
22.Hardell‚Ì‘Á‰t‘BƒKƒ“‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p
ŠT—v‚ÌЉî‚Å‚·B@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é‚©‚½‚ÍŒ´’˜‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ŒfÚŽFOccupational and Environmental Medicine
2004;61:675-679
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FNo association between the use of cellular or
cordless telephones and salivary gland tumors
@ Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚âƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Í‘Á‰t‘BƒKƒ“‚ɉe‹¿‚È‚µ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFL Hardell 1, A Hallquist 2, K Hansson Mild 3, M
Carlberg 4, H Gertzén 5, E-B Schildt 6 and Å
Dahlqvist 7
1: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro
and Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro
University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
Aim: To investigate the association between the use of cellular or cordless
telephones and the risk for salivary gland tumors.
–Ú“IFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚âƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ‘Á‰t‘BƒKƒ“‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚·‚éB
Methods: Cases were assessed from the six regional cancer registries in Sweden.
Four controls matched for sex and age in five-year age groups were selected for
each case. A total of 293 living cases and 1172 controls were included.
•û–@FÇ—á‚̓XƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì6‚‚̒nˆæŠÔ“o˜^‚©‚ç‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚ÌÇ—á‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA«•Ê‚Æ5ΔN—îŠK‘w‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½4l‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
293‚ÌÇ—á‚Æ1172‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ªŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
Results: There were 267 (91%) participating cases and 1053 (90%) controls.
Overall no significantly increased risk was found. Odds ratios were 0.92 (95%
CI 0.58 to 1.44) for use of analogue phones, 1.01 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.50) for use
of digital phones, and 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.43) for use of cordless phones.
Similar results were found for different salivary gland localizations. No
effect of tumor induction period or latency was seen, although few subjects
reported use for more than 10 years.
Œ‹‰ÊFÇ—á‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í91%A267–¼A‘ÎÆ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í90%,@1053–¼‚Ì‹¦—Í‚ª“¾‚ç‚ꂽB
ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
ƒIƒbƒY”ä‚ÍAƒAƒiƒƒO“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Å‚Í0.92AƒfƒWƒ^ƒ‹“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Å‚Í1.01AƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Å‚Í0.99‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‘Á‰t‘BƒKƒ“‚Ì”¶‚̈ʒu‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĉðÍ‚µ‚Ä‚à“¯—l‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
ƒKƒ“‚Ì”•aŽžŠú‚âö•šŠúŠÔ‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚àŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
10”NˆÈã‚àŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‘ÎÛŽÒ‚¢‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Conclusions: No association between the use of cellular or cordless phones and
salivary gland tumors was found, although this study does not permit
conclusions for long term heavy use.
Œ‹˜_FŒg‘Ñ“d˜bEƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ‘Á‰t‘BƒKƒ“‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B’·Šú‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖŒW‚·‚éꇂɊւµ‚Ä‚Í•Ê“rŒ¤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
BEMSJ’G‚±‚ÌHardell ‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̌¤‹†‚ÅAuŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚鑤‚Å‚Ì”]Žîᇔ¶ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‘å‚·‚éB”]‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ă̓ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢Bv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰uŠwŒ¤‹†‚ð”•\‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
””N‘O‚Ƀoƒ`ƒJƒ“•ú‘—‹Ç‚ÌŽü•Ó‚É”’ŒŒ•a‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÈ‰º‚̘_•¶‚ª”•\‚³‚êAƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“•ú‘—‹Ç‚ðŠÇ—‚·‚éƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“Žs‘‚ƃCƒ^ƒŠƒA•{ŠÔ‚Å–â‘艻‚µ‚½’[‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
ƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“•ú‘—‚Í‘S¢ŠE‚ÉŒü‚¯‚ÄMŽÒ‚Ì‚½‚߂̃‰ƒWƒI•ú‘—‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚èA‘—M“ƒ‚Ì“d—Í‚à‚©‚È‚è‘å‚«‚¢‚ÆŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éB
ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 155, No. 12:
1096-1103 2002
˜_•¶–¼FAdult and Childhood Leukemia near a High-Power
Radio Station in Rome, Italy
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFPaola Michelozzi,
Alessandra Capon, Ursula Kirchmayer, Francesco Forastiere,
Annibale Biggeri, Alessandra Barca and Carlo A.
Perucci
ŠT—v
Some recent epidemiologic studies suggest an association between lymphaticiƒŠƒ“ƒp«‚Ìjand hematopoietici‘¢ŒŒŠíŒn‚Ìjcancers and
residential exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300
GHz) generated by radio and television transmitters.
ŋ߂̉uŠw‚Å‚ÍAƒeƒŒƒr‚â–³ü‘—M“ƒ‚©‚ç”M‚³‚ê‚é‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠEi100kHz‚©‚ç300GH‚šj‚ÌZŠÂ‹«‚Å‚Ì–\˜I‚ƃŠƒ“ƒp«E‘¢ŒŒŠíŒn‚̃Kƒ“‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Vatican Radio is a very powerful station located in a northern suburb of Rome,
Italy.
ƒoƒ`ƒJƒ“ƒ‰ƒWƒI‚̓[ƒ}‚Ì–k‚ÌxŠO‚É‚ ‚Á‚ÄA‹—Í‚È‘—M‹Ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
In the 10-km area around the station, with 49,656 residents (in 1991), leukemia
mortality among adults (aged >14 years; 40 cases) in 1987–1998 and childhood leukemia incidence (eight cases) in 1987–1999 were evaluated.
‘—M“ƒ‚ÌŽüˆÍ10km‚ÉZ‚ÞZ–¯49,656li1991”N‚Ì“Œvj‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA1987”N‚©‚ç1998”N‚ÌŠÔ‚Ì‘ål‚Ì”’ŒŒ•ai14ΈÈãAÇ—á”F40j‚É‚æ‚鎀–S—¦A1987”N‚©‚ç1999”N‚̊Ԃ̬Ž™”’ŒŒ•aiÇ—á”F‚Wj‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½B
iBEMSJ’F¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌǗᔂÍ12”NŠÔ‚Å8Œj
The risk of childhood leukemia was higher than expected for the distance up to
6 km from the radio station (standardized incidence rate = 2.2, 95% confidence
interval: 1.0, 4.1), and there was a significant decline in risk with
increasing distance both for male mortality (p = 0.03) and for childhood
leukemia (p = 0.036).
‘—M“ƒ‚É6km‚܂ŋ߂‚ÆAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‚‚‚È‚èASI•W€‰»”•a—¦‚Í2.2iCI:1.0|4.1j‚Æ‚È‚éB’j«‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í‹——£‚Ì‘‘å‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒ¸‚·‚éB
The study has limitations because of the small number of cases and the lack of
exposure data.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚ÍAǗᔂª¬‚³‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÆA“dŽ¥ŠE–\˜Iƒf[ƒ^‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤§–ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB
Although the study adds evidence of an excess of leukemia in a population
living near high-power radio transmitters, no causal implication can be drawn.
‚µ‚©‚µ‚È‚ª‚çAŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚È‚é–§Ú‚ÈŠÖŒW‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ‹‚т‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA‘åo—Í‚Ì–³ü“ƒ‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚ÄZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚él‚É”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì—]胊ƒXƒN‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šm؂̂ЂƂ‚ɉÁŠ„‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
There is still insufficient scientific knowledge, and new epidemiologic studies
are needed to clarify a possible leukemogenic effect of residential exposure to
radio frequency radiation.
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‚Q‚SDFM•ú‘—‚ƃKƒ“
]—ˆ•FŽî‚Í‘¾—z‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚ªŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½‚ªA‚»‚êˆÈŠO‚Ì—v‘f‚Æ‚µ‚ÄFM•ú‘—‚Ì“d”g‚É‚æ‚é‰e‹¿‚ðŽ¦´‚·‚é‰uŠwŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚·B
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMalignant melanoma of the skin – not a sunshine story!
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFÖrjan Hallberg, Olle Johansson
ŒfÚŽGMed Sci Monit, 2004; 10(7): CR336-340
Œ‹‰ÊF
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLonn S et al.
˜_•¶–¼: Mobile Phone Use and the Risk of Acoustic Neuroma
ŒfÚŽFEpidemiology 2004;15:653-9
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B
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ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology 2005
161(6):526-535;
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLong-Term Mobile Phone Use and Brain Tumor Risk @@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—p‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFStefan Lönn1, Anders Ahlbom1, Per Hall2, Maria
Feychting1 and the Swedish Interphone Study Group @
ŠT—v
Handheld mobile phones were introduced in Sweden during the late
1980s. The purpose of this population-based, case-control study was to test the
hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk of brain tumors.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Í1980”N‘ã‚ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Å“±“ü‚³‚ꂽB
‚±‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†ipopulation-basedj‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—p‚ª”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ÌŒŸØ‚Å‚ ‚éB
The authors identified all cases aged 20–69 years who
were diagnosed with glioma i[ˆã]
_ŒoäPŽîjAor meningiomai[ˆã] ‘–ŒŽîj during 2000–2002
in certain parts of Sweden.
ƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚Ì‚ ‚é“Á’è‚Ì’nˆæ‚ÅA2000”N‚©‚ç2002”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉA_ŒoäPŽî‚à‚µ‚‚Í‘–ŒŽî‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ20΂©‚ç69΂ðÇ—á‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Randomly selected controls were stratified on age, gender, and residential
area.
”N—îA«•ÊA‹Z’nˆæ‚ðŠK‘w‰»‚µ‚½‘ÎÛ‚ðƒ‰ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‚É‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 371 (74%) glioma
and 273 (85%) meningioma cases and 674 (71%) controls.
371i‚V‚S“j‚Ì_ŒoäPŽîA273i85“j‚Ì ‘–ŒŽî‚ÌÇ—á‚ÆA674i‚V‚P“j‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚©‚çAÚׂȌg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p󋵂ðŽûW‚µ‚½B
For regular mobile phone use, the odds ratio was 0.8 (95% confidence interval:
0.6, 1.0) for glioma and 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.9) for
meningioma.
’Êí‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA_ŒoäPŽî‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚Wi‚X‚T“‚b‚hF‚OE‚U|‚PD‚OjA@‘–ŒŽî‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚Vi‚X‚T“‚b‚hF‚OD‚T|‚OD‚Xj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Similar results were found for more than 10 years' duration of mobile phone
use.
10”NˆÈã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚àA“¯—l‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
No risk increase was found for ipsilaterali[ˆã] “¯‘¤‚Ìj phone use for tumors located in the
temporali‘¤“ª‚Ìj and parietal lobesi[‰ð] “ª’¸—tj.
‘¤“ª‚Æ“ª’¸—t‚Ì”]ŽîᇂɊւµ‚Ä‚ÍA”¶•”ˆÊ‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‘¤‚ª“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àAƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Furthermore, the odds ratio did not increase, regardless of tumor histologyi[ˆã] .‘gDŠwj, type of
phone, and amount of use.
‚³‚ç‚ÉA”]Žîᇂ̑gDŠw“IAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŒ^Ž®AŽg—p—¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚àƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
This study includes a large number of long-term mobile phone users, and the
authors conclude that the data do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone
use is related to an increased risk of glioma or meningioma.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í‘å‹K–Í‚ÈŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—pŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚èA_ŒoäPŽî‚Æ‘–ŒŽî‚ªŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ÍŽxŽ‚µ‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹˜_‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŠT—v‚ð‰¼–ó‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚T|‚T|‚Q‚X
ŒfÚŽFNEUROLOGY 2005; 64: 1189-1195
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCellular telephones and risk for brain tumors A population-based, incident
case-control study
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN@@lŒû‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†B
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFH. Collatz Christensen, MD, J. Schüz,
PhD, M. Kosteljanetz, DMSc,
MD, H. Skovgaard Poulsen, DMSc, MD, J. D. Boice, Jr,
ScD, J. K. McLaughlin, PhD
and C. Johansen, PhD, DMSc, MD@
–Ú“IF
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ_ŒoäPŽî‹y‚Ñ‘–ŒŽî‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA‘S‘‚ÌlŒû‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½_ŒoäPŽî‹y‚Ñ‘–ŒŽî‚Ì”¶—¦‚Ì’²¸‚ðs‚È‚Á‚½B
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http://journal.mycom.co.jp/articles/2011/11/02/cellularphone/index.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@
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yƒŒƒ|[ƒgz@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Æ”‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚ÍŠÖ˜A«‚È‚µ - WHO‚ƑΗ§‚·‚é’²¸Œ‹‰Ê‚ªŒöŠJ
2011/11/02@––‰ª—mŽq
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ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAã‹L‚ÌV•·‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‰p‘‚ÌIEGMP iIndependent expert group on mobile
phoneFchairman: Sir. William Stewartj‚Í2000”N‚ÉuMobile Phones and HealthviŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÆŒ’Nj‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‘‚ð”s‚µ‚½B
‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚ÍuŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚µ‚½v•ñ‘‚Æ‚µ‚ă}ƒXƒRƒ~‚È‚Ç‚Å•ñ“¹‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‘½‚¢‚ªAŒµ–§‚ɂ͈ȉº‚̂悤‚È‹Lq‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
uIn line with our precautionary approach, at this time,
we believe that the widespread use of mobile phones by children for non-essential calls
should be discouraged. We also recommend that the
mobile phone industry should refrain from promoting the use of mobile phones by
children.v
u—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÌŠÏ“_‚É—§‚Ä‚ÎAŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì•s—v•s‹}‚ÈŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÍŽg—p‚µ‚È‚¢‚悤‚·‚ׂ«‚ÆM‚¸‚éB
‚Ü‚½AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̋Ɖï‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ð‘£i‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð·‚µT‚¦‚é‚ׂ«‚ÆA„§‚·‚éBv‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Œˆ‚µ‚Ä“ú–{‚̃}ƒXƒRƒ~‚È‚Ç‚Å•ñ‚¶‚ç‚ê‚é‚悤‚ÈuŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ìâ‘ΓI‚È‹ÖŽ~v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒjƒ…ƒAƒ“ƒX‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
‚Ü‚½A“¯Žž‚ÉA‚±‚Ì•ñ‘‚Å‚ÍAˆÈ‰º‚̂悤‚ÈŠî’n‹Ç‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚à•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
uWe conclude that the balance of evidence indicates
that there is no general risk to the health of people living near
to base stations on the basis that exposures are
expected to be small fractions of guidelines. v
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Fact Sheet July 2008
Children and Safe Cell Phone Use Žq‹Ÿ‚̈À‘S‚ÈŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p
Toronto Public Health wants to make parents aware of how their children can
take simple precautions to minimize exposure to radiofrequency (RF) waves if
they use a cell phone.
ƒgƒƒ“ƒgŽsŒöO‰q¶•”‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ð‚à‚µŽg—p‚·‚é‚È‚ç‚ÎA–³üŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ðŬŒÀ‚É‚·‚é‚©AŽq‹Ÿ‚ª”@‰½‚ÉŠÈ’P‚È—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ð‚Æ‚é‚©A—¼e‚ªl—¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð–]‚ÞB
(—ª)
Should children use cell phones? Žq‹Ÿ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚·‚ׂ«‚©H
While cell phones are important for communication and for safety reasons,
parents should be aware of what they can do to reduce any risks from their
childfs use of a cell phone.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Í’ÊM‚ƈÀ‘S‚Ì‚½‚ß‚É‚Íd—v‚Å‚ ‚邪A—¼e‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚郊ƒXƒN‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðl—¶‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
The World
Health Organization (WHO) suggests that if parents have concerns they can
encourage their children to limit the length of phone calls, or use ghands-freeh devices like headsets or ear
phones, to keep the cell phone away from the head and body. The amount
of RF energy absorbed decreases quickly with increasing distance between the
antenna and the user. People can also use the speakerphone mode if appropriate,
or use text messaging instead.
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‚Žü”gƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[‹zŽû‚ÍŽg—pŽÒ‚ƃAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Ì‹——£‚ª‘‚·‚ɘA‚ê‚Ä‹}‘¬‚ÉŒ¸‚·‚éB
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Parents who buy cell phones for their children should look for ones with the lowest emissions of RF waves.
—¼e‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽq‹Ÿ‚ׂ̈Éw“ü‚·‚é‚Æ‚«A‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚̒ᔘ˜I‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð’T‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
i—ªj
Are there certain times when children should avoid using
cell phones?
“Á’è‚ÌŽž‚ÉŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽž‚ð”ð‚¯‚é‚ׂ«‚©H
When cell phone reception is low (this happens when the base station antenna is far away) and when a cell phone is being used during
high speed travel (i.e. driving in a car) power being emitted from the cell
phone must be increased in order to maintain reception. Cell
phone use by children should be limited during
these times in order to reduce exposure to RFs.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“d”g‚Ì’…M‚ªŽã‚¢ê‡iŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚̃Aƒ“ƒeƒi‚ª‰“‚‚É‚ ‚Á‚½ê‡‚È‚Çj‚ÆAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ð‚‘¬‚ňړ®‚µ‚È‚ª‚çŽg—p‚·‚éꇂÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bƒnƒ“ƒhƒZƒbƒg‚©‚ççtŽË‚³‚ê‚é–³ü“d—Í‚ÍA’ʘb‚ðŠm•Û‚·‚邽‚ß‚É‘‰Á‚·‚éB
‚±‚¤‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Í“d”g”˜˜I‚ðŒ¸‚³‚¹‚邽‚ß‚ÉA§ŒÀ‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
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Dial back cell phone use, city officials tell
parents
July 12, 2008
i—ªj
The report from the
city's medical officer of health recommends "children, especially
pre-adolescent children, use land lines whenever possible, keeping the use of cell phones for
essential purposes only, limiting the length of cell phone calls and using
headsets or hands-free options, whenever possible."
Žs‚Ì•ÛŒ’•”‚̈ãŠwŠÄ—Š¯‚©‚ç‚̃Œƒ|[ƒg‚͈ȉº‚ð„§‚µ‚½B
Žq‹ŸA“Á‚É”NŠúˆÈ‘O‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Í‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯’Êí‚Ì—Lü“d˜b‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚ÆA‚»‚µ‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Íd—v‚È—pŽ–‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚Ì‚Ý‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆA‚³‚ç‚ÉAƒnƒ“ƒhƒtƒŠ[ƒLƒbƒg‚âƒwƒbƒhƒZƒbƒg‚ð‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯Žg—p‚·‚邱‚ÆB
i—ªj
In Canada, 61 per cent of 12-
to 19-year-olds have a cell phone, according to recent data from Solutions
Research Group. There are no Canadian statistics on users under 12.
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12Έȉº‚Ì“Œvƒf[ƒ^‚̓Jƒiƒ_‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
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http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/news/20080715_toronto_health_cellphones.asp@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
–––––––––––@@@@–––––––––––
15/07/2008 - Toronto Public Health advise children not to use mobile phones
ƒgƒƒ“ƒgŽsŒöO‰q¶•”‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚ªŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚È‚¢‚悤‚É’‰
"...children, especially
pre-adolescent children, use land lines whenever possible, keeping the use of
cell phones for essential purposes only, limiting the length of cell phone
calls and using headsets or hands-free options, whenever possible..."
Žq‹ŸA“Á‚É”NŠúˆÈ‘O‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Í‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯’Êí‚Ì—Lü“d˜b‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚ÆA‚»‚µ‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Íd—v‚È—pŽ–‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚Ì‚Ý‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚邱‚ÆA‚³‚ç‚ÉAƒnƒ“ƒhƒtƒŠ[ƒLƒbƒg‚âƒwƒbƒhƒZƒbƒg‚ð‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯Žg—p‚·‚邱‚ÆB
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Power Watch‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ÍAƒgƒƒ“ƒgƒXƒ^[V•·‚Ì•ñ“¹‚ð‚»‚Ì‚Ü‚Üˆø—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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No Cells for Bangladesh Kids
Elisa Batista @06.05.02
While a federal judge in Baltimore, Maryland, is deciding whether there's
enough evidence to sue cell-phone companies for making products that cause
cancer, the Bangladesh government has made up its mind that mobile phones are
harmful.
Bangladesh plans to ban mobile phones for children under 16 to protect them
from what it says is exposure to radiation that could damage their brains.
The country's environment minister did not present any scientific research to
support the ban when he outlined a plan at a recent conference of doctors and
scientists in the capital of Dhaka.
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Russian Panel on Mobile Phones: Take a Precautionary
Approach
ƒƒVƒA‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bˆÏˆõ‰ï‚Í—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ðÌ—p
On September 19, the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing
Radiation Protection (RNCNIRP) adopted recommendations on the use of mobile
phones, which appear below.
2002”N9ŒŽ19–ÚA”ñ“d—£•úŽËü–hŒìƒƒVƒA‘“àˆÏˆõ‰ï(RNCMRP)‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĉº‹L‚ÉŽ¦‚·Š©‚ðÌ‘ð‚µ‚½B
They were translated into English for Microwave News by Dr. Vledimir
Binhi of the Russian Academy of Sciences' (RAS)
General Physics Institute in Moscow.
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Binhi, a member of the RNCNIRP, is the author of
Magneto-biology: Underlying Physical Problems (see MWN, MIJ02).
ƒrƒ“”ŽŽm‚ÍRNCMRP‚̃ƒ“ƒo[‚ÅAuŽ¥‹C¶•¨Šw:— ‚Éö‚Þ•¨—“I‚È–â‘èv‚Ì’˜ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éB
The RNCNIRP, which has 36 members, is chaired by Prof Yuri Grigoriev of the
Institute of Biophysics in Moscow. Other members include: O.A. Grigoriev,
director, Center for Electro-magnetic Safety; Prof V.N. Nikitina, Northwestern
Center of Hygiene and Public Health; Prof Yu. P. Paltsev,
Occupational Health Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS); and
Prof N.B. Rubtsova, Occupational Health Institute, RAMS.
”ñ“d—£•úŽËü–hŒìƒƒVƒA‘“àˆÏˆõ‰ï‚ÍA36–¼‚̉ïˆõ‚ª‚¢‚éBiˆÈ‰º@—ªj
In 1 999, the RNCNIRP hosted a conference in Moscow to discuss harmonizing the
exposure standards of the@former Soviet bloc countries
with those of the U.S and Western Europe.
1999”N‚ÉRNCNlRP‚Í‹Œƒ\˜AŒ—‚Ɖ¢•Ä‚Ì“dŽ¥”gŠî€’l‚Æ‚Ì’²˜a‚ɂ‚¢‚Ęb‚µ‡‚¤‚½‚߂̉ï‹c‚ðƒ‚ƒXƒNƒ‚Ŏ嵂½‚±‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éB
Russia's limits are currently on the order of 100 times stricter than those of
ICNIRP.
Œ»s‚̃ƒVƒA‚Ì‹K§’l‚ÍICNIRP‚Ì’l‚æ‚è100”{‚àŒµ‚µ‚¢B
The meeting ended without reaching any consensus (see MWN, N/D99). Nor was any
progress made at a follow-up meeting held in Moscow last September
‚»‚̉ï‹c‚Å‚Í‘o•û‚̇ˆÓ‚É‚ÍŽŠ‚炸‚ÉI‚í‚Á‚½Bð”N9ŒŽ‚ÉŠJ³‚ꂽƒ‚ƒXƒNƒ‚Å‚Ì2“x–ڂ̉ï‹c‚Å‚à‡ˆÓ‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
ˆÈ‰º‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚銩‚Å‚ ‚éB
1. The RNCNIRP offers the following advice on the safe use of mobile phones.
These recommendations are based on the precautionary principle of the World
Health Organization, published scientific and medical studies, reviews and
recommendations by scientific groups and the expert opinions of members of the
RNCNIRP.
RNCMRP‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̈À‘SŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ĉȉº‚ÌŠ©‚ðs‚¤B‚±‚ÌŠ©‚Í¢ŠE•ÛŒ’‹@\(WHO)‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚âAˆãŠwE‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†Aê–å‰Æ‚É‚æ‚郌ƒrƒ…[‚ÆŠ©ARNCMRP‚̃ƒ“ƒo[‚Ìê–å“IˆÓŒ©‚È‚Ç‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚ç‚ꂽB
1.1. Children under the age of 16 should not use mobile
phones.
16Έȉº‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
1.2. Pregnant women should not use mobile phones.
”DP‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é—«‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B
1.3. Those suffering from neurological disorders, memory loss or epilepsy and
those with a predisposition to epilepsy should not use mobile phones. [Abridged
list of conditions]
_Œo«‚ÌŽ¾Š³E‹L‰¯‚Ì‘rŽ¸E‚Ä‚ñ‚©‚ñ‚ÌlA‚Ä‚ñ‚©‚ñ‹CŽ¿‚Ìl‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢BiÚׂ͊„ˆ¤j
1.4. The duration of calls should be limited to a maximum of three minutes, and
after making a call the user should wait a minimum of 15 minutes before making
another call.
The use of headsets and hands-free systems is strongly encouraged.
1‰ñ‚̒ʘbŽžŠÔ‚ÍÅ‘å‚Å‚à3•ªŠÔ‚ɧŒÀ‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB“d˜b‚ð‚©‚¯I‚í‚Á‚Ä‚©‚çAŽŸ‚Ì“d˜b‚ð‚©‚¯‚é‚Ü‚Å‚ÉÅ’á15•ªŠÔ‚ÌŠÔŠu‚ð‚ ‚¯‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒwƒbƒhƒZƒbƒg‚âƒnƒ“ƒYƒtƒŠ[Ší‹ï‚ðŽg‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ªŠÌ—v‚Å‚ ‚éB@
2. Manufacturers and retailers of mobile phones should include the following
information together with the engineering specifications:
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì»‘¢‰ï“m‚â”Ì”„“X‚ÍAŽæ‚舵‚¢à–¾‘‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉŽŸ‚Ìî•ñ‚ð’ñŽ¦‚·‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚é
@2.‚P. All of the above
recommendations regarding use.
@Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éã‹LŠ©‚Ì‚·‚ׂÄB
@2.2. All relevant health and epidemiological data on
mobile phones, together with the radiation levels associated with the phone,
and the name of the measurement lab.
@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŠÖ˜A‚·‚錒Nî•ñA‰uŠw“I‚ÈŒ¤‹†ƒf[ƒ^‚Æ‹¤‚ÉAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì•úŽË‹“x‚Æ‘ª’è‹@ŠÖ‚Ì–¼‘OB
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2008”N7ŒŽ@ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚̃sƒbƒcƒo[ƒO‘åŠw‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錩‰ð‚ðŒö•\‚µ‚½B
CNNƒWƒƒƒpƒ“‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚ðˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
Œx‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚ÍŒ¤‹†Š‚ÌEˆõEŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––@@ˆê•”@ˆø—p@@––––––––––––
2008.07.28
•Ä‘åŠw‚Ì‚ª‚ñŒ¤‹†Š’·AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ß‚®‚芈õ‚ÉŒx
•Äƒyƒ“ƒVƒ‹ƒxƒjƒABƒsƒbƒcƒo[ƒOi‚`‚oj@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ª”‚·‚é“dŽ¥”g‚Æ”]ŽîᇂȂǂ̂ª‚ñ”¶ƒŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ð‚ß‚®‚èA•Äƒsƒbƒcƒo[ƒO‘傪‚ñŒ¤‹†Š’·‚̃ƒiƒ‹ƒhE‚aEƒn[ƒo[ƒ}ƒ“”ŽŽm‚ª‚±‚Ì‚Ù‚ÇAŠˆõ‚ÉŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ð‚Ђ©‚¦‚é‚悤ˆÙ—á‚ÌŒx‚𔂵‚½B
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http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0807/26/news005.html
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‚WD“d”g‚ªŽã‚¢êŠA‚Ü‚½ŽÔ‚â“dŽÔ‚ł̈ړ®Žž‚É‚ÍŽg‚í‚È‚¢BŒg‘Ñ’[––‚ªŒJ‚è•Ô‚µV‚µ‚¢ƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚ÉÚ‘±‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚·‚邽‚ßA“dŽ¥ê‚ª‹‚‚È‚é
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1”NŒãA‚±‚̃sƒbƒcƒo[ƒO‘å‚ÌŒx‚Í‚Ç‚¤‚È‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©H
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http://www.emfacts.com/weblog/?p=1181
„#1144: SOMETHING SMELLS ROTTEN i‘—ŽjIN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
„Tuesday October 27th 2009,
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ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚T|‚P‚Q|‚P‚O@
ŒfÚŽFTERATOLOGY 43:609-614 (1991)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLethal@and Teratogenic@Effects of Long-Term Low-Intensity Radio Frequency Radiation at 428
MHZ on Developing Chick Embryo
@@Œ{—‘‚Ì›z‰»‚É‚¨‚¯‚é428MHz‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì’á“d—ÍE’·Šú”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é’v–½“IEÊ輸̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFÄ“¡Œ«ˆêKENICHI SAITO,
KATSUSHI SUZUKI, AND SHIGEKATSU MOTOYOSHI
Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, 1 -7-1 Kyonan-cho,
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180, Japan
ŠT—v
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JST‚Ì•¶Œ£DB‚ÅŒŸõ@ˆÈ‰º‚Ì4Œ‚ªƒqƒbƒg‚·‚éB@@
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‰p•¶•W‘èFEffect of RF exposure to fertilized chick eggs and
pregnant mice an hatchability, organs-weight and local delayed
hypersensitivity.
’˜ŽÒ–¼FÄ“¡Œ«ˆêA“y“c—R‰À—AŽR“c_ˆê˜YA™ŽRŒöG (“ú–{bˆã’{ŽY‘å)AŒã“¡M’j (_ŒË‘å ”_)
Ž‘—¿–¼F¬’·
Šª†ƒy[ƒW(”s”NŒŽ“ú)FVol.28, No.2/3, Page67-73 (1989.09)
´˜^FŽü”g”428MHzAÆŽË“d—Í–§“x4mW/cm2‚Ì‚Žü”g‚Å•W‘èÆŽË‚ðŽÀŽ{BÆŽË‚É‚æ‚苹‘Bd—Ê‚ÌŒ¸A‹¹‘B’PˆÊd—Ê“–‚è‚Ì×–E”‚Ì‘‰Á‚ðŠÏŽ@B
‚Ü‚½’x‰„Œ^”ç“à”½‰ž‚É‚æ‚èƒ}ƒEƒXTƒŠƒ“ƒp‹…Œ¸‚ðŽ“—Y‹¤‚ÉŠÏŽ@‚µ‚½B“®•¨Ží‚Ì”@‰½‚É‚©‚©‚í‚炸‚Žü”gÆŽË‚ª‘Ù¶Šú‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ꂽB
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‰p•¶•W‘èFBiological effects of radiofrequency radiation on
poultry lungs.
’˜ŽÒ–¼FÄ“¡Œ«ˆêA —é–ØŸŽm (“ú–{bˆã’{ŽY‘å)A
‰¡ŽRCˆê (HŠw‰@‘å)
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Šª†ƒy[ƒW(”s”NŒŽ“ú)FVol.IM-94, No.1-17, Page15-20 (1994.01.13)
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‰p•¶•W‘èFBiologicals effects of high-frequency radio waves
irradiation on chicken embryo.(2).
’˜ŽÒ–¼FÄ“¡Œ«ˆêA —é–ØŸŽm (“ú–{bˆã’{ŽY‘å)A
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Šª†ƒy[ƒW(”s”NŒŽ“ú)FVol.IM-95, No.1-7, Page29-34 (1995.01.19)
´˜^FŽü”g”428MHzAŽÀŒøÆŽË“d—Í5.5W‚ÌðŒ‰º‚Å‚Ó‰»ŠúŠÔ‘S“úÆŽË‚µ‚½‰ŠúŒ{‚Í‚¢‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAŒ`‘ÔŠw“IŠÏŽ@‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘Ìß”ŠÏŽ@‚ðs‚Á‚½B
ŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰Ê‚æ‚èAÆŽËŒQ‚Ì‘Ìß”‚ª‘ÎÆŒQ‚É”äŠr‚µ‚Ä—LˆÓ‚ÉŒ¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ªŠm”F‚³‚êA‚Žü”g‚ª×–E‚Ì•ª—ôA‘B‚ɉe‹¿‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ꂽB
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‰p•¶•W‘èFEffective utilization of electromagnetic energy.Lethal - and teratogenetic
- action of the high frequency irradiation on a poultry embryo.
’˜ŽÒ–¼FÄ“¡Œ«ˆêA —é–ØŸŽm (“ú–{bˆã’{ŽY‘å)
Ž‘—¿–¼F“dŽ¥ŠÂ‹«HŠwî•ñEMC
Šª†ƒy[ƒW(”s”NŒŽ“ú)FVol.8. No.10. Page32-39 (1996.02)
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ŒfÚŽFInternational Archives of Occupational and
Environmental Health Volume 77, Number 6 pp387–394,
August 2004
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹Fstudy on residences in the
vicinity of AM radio broadcasting towers and cancer death: preliminary
observations in Korea
AMƒ‰ƒWƒI•ú‘—‹Ç‚Ì‹ß–T‚ÉZ‚ÞZ–¯‚ÌŠà‚É‚æ‚鎀–S‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†FŠØ‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’†ŠÔ•ñ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSue Kyung Park,
Mina Ha, Hyung-Jun Im
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95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Å1.12-1.49‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚‚AMPR‚Í1.70 95%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Å0.84-3.45‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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ŒfÚŽFAm J Epidemiol. 2007 Aug 1;166(3):270-9.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FRadio-frequency radiation exposure from AM radio
transmitters and childhood leukemia and brain cancer.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHa M, Im H, Lee M, Kim
HJ, Kim BC, Gimm YM, Pack JK.
ŠT—v
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1928‚Ì”’ŒŒ•aA956‚Ì”]ŽîᇂÌÇ—á‚Æ‘ÎÆ3082‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½B
‚à‚Á‚Æ‚à‹ß‚¢•ú‘—‹Ç‚ª‚Q‚‹‚ˆÈ“à‚É‚ ‚éê‡A20kmˆÈ‰“‚É‚ ‚éꇂƔäŠr‚µ‚ÄA”’ŒŒ•a‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í2,15iCI:1.00-4.67j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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ŒfÚŽFEnviron
Health Perspect 114:1270–1275 (2006)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FUMTS Base Station-like Exposure, Well-Being, and
Cognitive Performance
UMTSŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚©‚ç‚Ì“d”g–\˜I‚É‚æ‚錒N‚Æ”F’m‚ւ̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSabine J. Regel‚ç
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
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ŒfÚŽFJ Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Dec 6; 98(23):1707-13.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish
cohort.
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSchuz J, Jacobsen R, Olsen JH, Boice JD Jr,
McLaughlin JK, Johansen C.
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden
49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. joachim@cancer.dk.
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ŒfÚŽFBioelectromagnetics. 2006 Feb; 27(2):142-50
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹Effect of short-wave (6-22 MHz) magnetic fields on
sleep quality and melatonin cycle in humans: the Schwarzenburg
shut-down study.@
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAltpeter ES, Roosli
M, Battaglia M, Pfluger D, Minder CE, Abelin T.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Berne,
Switzerland
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ŒfÚŽFInternational Journal of Radiation Biology, Volume
75, Issue 10 October 1999, pages 1251 - 1256
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FNo effect of short-term exposure to GSM-modulated
low-power microwaves on benzopyrene-induced tumors in rat
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJ. L. Chagnaud; J.
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ŒfÚŽFOccup Environ Med. 1997 Sep; 54(9):676-80.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of exposure to microwaves on cellular
immunity and placental steroids in pregnant rats
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFNakamura H, Seto T, Nagase H, Yoshida M, Dan S,
Ogino K.
Department of Public Health, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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ŒfÚŽ:Proteomics. 2006 Sep; 6(17):4745-54
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FGene expression changes in human cells after
exposure to mobile phone microwaves.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFRemondini D, Nylund R, Reivinen
J, Poulletier de Gannes F, Veyret
B, Lagroye I, Haro E, Trillo MA, Capri M, Franceschi
C, Schlatterer K, Gminski R, Fitzner R, Tauber R, Schuderer
J, Kuster N, Leszczynski D, Bersani F, Maercker C.
University of Bologna, Department of Physics, Bologna, Italy
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Œ¾ŒêFArticle in French
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ŒfÚŽFJ Neurooncol. 2008
Jan;86(1):71-8
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCellular phone use and brain tumor: a
meta-analysis.@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‚Æ”]Žîá‡Fƒƒ^‰ðÍ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFKan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR
@@Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of
Neurosurgery, University of Utah, 100 N. Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT,
84113-1100, USA,
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ŒfÚŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology Advance @Access published online on January 27, 2006
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCellular Phones, Cordless Phones, and the Risks of
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ŒfÚŽFOccupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;63:802-807
Published Online First: 15 August 2006. doi:10.1136/oem.2006.028308
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My News Japan‚̃TƒCƒg
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ì¬F@2008-2-23@
ŒfÚŽFBritish Journal of Cancer (2008) 98, 652-659
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone use, exposure to radiofrequency
electromagnetic field, and brain tumor: a case- control study
@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Æ”]Žîá‡FǗጤ‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFT Takebayashi et al:
ŠT—vF
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ŒfÚŽGAmerican Journal of Epidemiology 2008
167(4):457-467;
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCellular Phone Use and Risk of Benign and
Malignant Parotid Gland Tumors—A Nationwide
Case-Control Study
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSiegal Sadetzki et al:
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ŒfÚŽGInternational Journal of
Epidemiology 2010;1–20
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹GBrain tumor risk in relation to mobile telephone
use: results of the INTERPHONE: international case–control
study@Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚É”º‚¤”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒNGƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“‘ÛÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGThe INTERPHONE Study Group
Background
The rapid increase in mobile telephone use has generated concern about possible
health risks related to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from this
technology.
”wŒiGŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì‹}‘¬‚È‘‰Á‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‹Zp‚É‚æ‚é–³üŽü”g”“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚錒NƒŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錜”O‚ª”¶‚³‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Methods An interview-based case–control study with 2708
glioma and 2409 meningioma cases and matched controls was conducted in 13
countries using a common protocol.
Œ¤‹†•û–@FŽ¿–â‚É‚æ‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ÅA13ƒJ‘‚Ì‹¤“¯ƒvƒƒgƒR[ƒ‹‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA2708—á‚Ì_ŒoäPŽîA2409—á‚Ì‘–ŒŽî‚ÌÇ—á‚ÆA’²˜a‚³‚¹‚½‘ÎÆŒQ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Results A reduced odds ratio (OR) related to ever having been a regular mobile
phone user was seen for glioma [OR 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.94] and meningioma (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.68–0.91),
possibly reflecting participation bias or other methodological limitations.
Œ‹‰ÊFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’èŠú“IŽg—pŽÒŒQ‚ɃIƒbƒY”ä‚ÌŒ¸‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB_ŒoäPŽî‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.81iCI:0.70|0.94j‚Å‚ ‚èA‘–ŒŽî‚ł̓IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.79iCI:0.68|0.91j‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚ê‚ÍAŒ¤‹†ŽQ‰ÁŽÒ‚̕΂肩AŒ¤‹†•û–@ã‚ÌŒÀŠE‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚©‚à’m‚ê‚È‚¢B
No elevated OR was observed †10 years after first phone
use (glioma: OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.76–1.26; meningioma: OR
0.83; 95% CI 0.61–1.14).
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ìʼn‚ÌŽg—p‚©‚ç10”NˆÈã‚ÌŒQ‚ÅAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢BisäPŽî‚ŃIƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.98iCI:0.76|1.26jA‘–ŒŽî‚ŃIƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.83iCI:0.61|1.14j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
ORs were <1.0 for all deciles of lifetime number of phone calls and nine
deciles of cumulative call time.
ƒIƒbƒY”ä‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‰ñ”‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂ̌Q‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA1ˆÈ‰º‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B—ÝÏ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Å‚Í9‹æ•ª‚ÌŒQ‚Ü‚Å‚ÍAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1ˆÈ‰º‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
In the 10th decile of recalled cumulative call time, †1640
h, the OR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.03–1.89) for glioma, and
1.15 (95% CI 0.81–1.62) for meningioma; but there are
implausible values of reported use in this group.
—ÝÏ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ÅÅ‘å‚Ì10‹æ•ª‚ÌŒQA—ÝŒv1640ŽžŠÔˆÈã‚ÌŒQ‚Å‚ÍAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í_ŒoäPŽî‚Å‚Í1.40iCI:1.03|1.89jA‘–ŒŽî‚Å‚Í1.15iCI:0.81|1.62j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚µ‚©‚µA‚±‚ÌŒQ‚Å‚Í‚à‚Á‚Æ‚à‚炵‚‚È‚¢Žg—p•ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB
ORs for glioma tended to be greater in the temporal lobe than in other lobes of
the brain, but the CIs around the lobe-specific estimates were wide.
_ŒoäPŽî‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Å‚ÍA”]‚Ì‘¼‚Ì•”ˆÊ‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‘¤“ª•”‚ł̃IƒbƒY”䂪‘å‚«‚¢ŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA“Á’è‚Ì•”ˆÊ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰ðÍŒ‹‰Ê‚ÌM—Š«‹æŠÔ‚Í•L‚©‚Á‚½B
iBEMSJ’F‘¤“ª•”‚ł̃IƒbƒY”䂪‘å‚«‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA‘¤“ª•”‚ÅŽg—p‚·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̉e‹¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚邪AM—Š«‹æŠÔ‚ªL‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Å‚ ‚낤Bj
ORs for glioma tended to be greater in subjects who reported usual phone use on
the same side of the head as their tumor than on the opposite side.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚·‚é‚Æ“¯‘¤‚ɔǂµ‚½_ŒoäPŽî‚ÍA”½‘Α¤‚ɔǂµ‚½ê‡‚É”ä‚ׂÄAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‘å‚«‚¢ŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
Conclusions Overall, no increase in risk of glioma or
meningioma was observed with use of mobile phones. There were suggestions of an
increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and error
prevent a causal interpretation. The possible effects of long-term heavy use of
mobile phones require further investigation.
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–Hardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÌDiscussion‚Ì€‚Ř_‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
uincreased risks of malignant brain tumours
at higher levels of accumulated use of analogue and digital mobile phones and
cordless desktop phones were reported from a sequence of three case–control studies from the same authors with cases in the last
diagnosed as late as 2003i13|15j. However, the methods of these studies have been@questionedi41j.
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
To:
From:
Date:Tue, 7 Apr 2009 18:48:16 +0900
Subject:yŒg‘Ñ“d˜bz10”NˆÈ㓯‚¶‘¤‚ÅŽg‚¤‚Æ”]Žîᇂª”{‘‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹˜_‚̘_•¶”•\i‹B‚ÌŒ¤‹†j
Œg‘Ñ‚ð‚¨Žg‚¢‚Ì‚Ý‚È‚³‚ÜA
’·ŠúA10”NˆÈ㓯‚¶‘¤‚ÅŽg‚¤‚Æ”]Žîᇂª”{‘‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹˜_‚̘_•¶‚ªSurgical
neurologyŽ‚É”•\‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½Bi2009 Mar 26j
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Æ”]Žîá‡:
’·Šú‚̉uŠwƒf[ƒ^‚ðŠÜ‚ÞƒŒƒrƒ…[B
Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic
data.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19328536
ˆÈ‰º@—ª
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚̃[ƒŠƒ“ƒO‚ÅЉ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚錤‹†‚ÍAˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFSurg Neurol. 2009 Sep;72(3):205-14; discussion 214-5.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCell phones and
brain tumors: a review including the long-term epidemiologic data.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Æ”]Žîá‡F’·ŠúŽg—p‚ðŠÜ‚Þ‰uŠwƒf[ƒ^‚̃Œƒrƒ…[
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFKhurana VG, Teo C, Kundi M, Hardell L, Carlberg M.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
”wŒi
The debate regarding the
health effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from sources such as
power lines, base stations, and cell phones has recently been reignited.
In the present review, the authors attempt to address the following question:
is there epidemiologic evidence for an association between long-term cell phone
usage and the risk of developing a brain tumor? Included with this
meta-analysis of the long-term epidemiologic data are a brief overview of cell
phone technology and discussion of laboratory data, biological mechanisms, and
brain tumor incidence.
“d—Íü‚âŠî’n‹Ç‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚甂¹‚ç‚ê‚é’჌ƒxƒ‹‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚錒N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é˜_‹c‚ªÄ”R‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
¡‰ñ‚̃Œƒrƒ…[‚Å‚ÍA•MŽÒ‚ç‚͈ȉº‚ÌŒ‚ðŒŸ“¢‚µ‚½FŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—p‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰uŠw“I‚ÈŠmØ‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚©H’·Šú‚̉uŠw‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚邱‚̃ƒ^‰ð͂ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‹Zp‚ÌŠTŠÏAŽÀŒ±Žºƒf[ƒ^E¶•¨Šw“I‚È‹@˜E”]Žîᇂ̔¶—¦‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚àŒŸ“¢‚ðs‚Á‚½B
METHODS: •û–@
In order to be included
in the present meta-analysis, studies were required to have met all of the
following criteria: (i) publication in a
peer-reviewed journal; (ii) inclusion of participants using cell phones for
> or = 10 years (ie, minimum 10-year
"latency"); and (iii) incorporation of a "laterality"
analysis of long-term users (ie, analysis of the side
of the brain tumor relative to the side of the head preferred for cell phone
usage). This is a meta-analysis incorporating all 11
long-term epidemiologic studies in this field.
‚±‚̃ƒ^‰ðÍ‚ÉŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚é‚ׂ«Žè–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒ¤‹†‚͈ȉº‚Ì”»’èŠî€‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚ð–ž‚½‚·Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚邱‚ÆF1j¸“Ç•t‚«ŠwpŽGŽ‚ÅŠ§s‚³‚ꂽA‚QjŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛŽÒ‚Í10”NˆÈã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽÒ‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚邱‚ÆA‚Rj’·ŠúŽg—p‚ÅŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚𓪕”‚Ì‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚©‚ÅŽg—p‚µ‚½‚©‚̉ðÍiŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ÄA”]‚Ì‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Ì‘¤•”‚Å”]Žîᇂª‚ ‚é‚©‚̉ðÍj‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚ÆB‚±‚¤‚µ‚½•ª–ì‚Ì11‚Ì’·Šú‰uŠwŒ¤‹†‚ð‘ÎۂɃƒ^‰ðÍ‚ðs‚Á‚½B
RESULTS: Œ‹‰Ê
The results indicate that
using a cell phone for > or = 10 years approximately doubles the risk of
being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ("ipsilateral") side
of the head as that preferred for cell phone use. The data achieve statistical
significance for glioma and acoustic neuroma but not for meningioma.
Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍA10”NˆÈã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÅŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ“¯‚¶‘¤‚Ì”]‚É”]Žîᇂª”Ç‚·‚郊ƒXƒN‚Í–ñ2”{‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Í_ŒoäPŽî‚Æ’®_ŒoŽî‚Å‚Í“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚ÅA‘–ŒŽî‚Å‚Í“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
CONCLUSION: Œ‹˜_
The authors conclude that
there is adequate epidemiologic evidence to suggest a link between prolonged
cell phone usage and the development of an ipsilateral brain tumor.
•MŽÒ‚ç‚ÍA’·Šú‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ“¯‘¤‚É”]Žîᇂª”¶‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚·\•ª‚ȉuŠw“I‚ÈŠmØ‚ª‚ ‚é‚ÆAŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
‚a‚…‚‚“‚Š’F
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Ì‘S•¶‚ð“Ç‚Þ‚ÆAHardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÆA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚̃Cƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“Œ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚Ƃ̃ƒ^•ªÍ‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÌǗᔂÍ200’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚èAHardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌǗᔂÍ100’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚éB
_ŒoäPŽîA’®_ŒoŽî‚ÍHardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ł̓ŠƒXƒN‚Í2.7‚Æ‚©2.9‚Å‚ ‚èAƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“Œ¤‹†‚Å1ˆÈ‰º‚Ì’l‚ƇŽZ‚µ‚Ä‚à‚Ü‚¾—LˆÓ‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邾‚¯‚̘b‚Å‚ ‚éB
‘–ŒŽî‚Å‚ÍAHardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ŃŠƒXƒN‚ª1.5’ö“x‚µ‚©Œ©‚‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒzƒ“Œ¤‹†‚Ì1ˆÈ‰º‚Ì”’l‚ƇŽZ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É1ˆÈ‰º‚Æ‚È‚èA—LˆÓ‚ȃŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹‰Ê‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚̃ƒ^‰ðÍ‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚̂悤‚É‚©‚È‚èHardell‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Ɉø‚Á’£‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÉHardellŽ©g‚à–¼‘O‚ð˜A‚Ë‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚É’…–Ú‚·‚ׂ«B
ŠÖ˜A‚·‚錤‹†‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“¯‚¶ŒfÚŽ‚É“¯ŽžŒfÚ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAˆÈ‰º‚à‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFSurg
Neurol. 2009 Sep; 72(3):216-22; discussion 222.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCell
phone use and acoustic neuroma: the need for standardized questionnaires and
access to industry data.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ’®_ŒoŽîF•W€‰»‚³‚ꂽŽ¿–â•[‚ÆŽY‹Æî•ñ‚ւ̃AƒNƒZƒX‚Ì•K—v«
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHan
YY, Kano H, Davis DL, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD.
Center for Environmental Oncology-University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
(UPCI), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Abstract
BACKGROUND: ”wŒi
The capacity of radiofrequency from cell phones to be absorbed into the brain
has prompted concerns that regular cell phone use may increase the risk of
acoustic neuroma (AN) and other brain tumors. This article critically evaluates
current literature on cell phone use and AN risks and proposes additional
studies to clarify any possible linkage.
”]‚É‹zŽû‚³‚ê‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì–³üŽü”g”“dŽ¥”g‚ÍA’èŠú“I‚ÈŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ª’®_ŒoŽî‚â‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤•sˆÀ‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ’®_ŒoŽî‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錻݂̕¶Œ£‚ð•]‰¿‚µAŠÖ˜A‚̉”\«‚𖾊m‚É‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÌŒp‘±“I‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚ð’ñˆÄ‚·‚éB
METHODS:
Through a PubMed search, we identified and reviewed 10 case-control studies and
1 cohort study of AN risks associated with cell phone use and a meta-analysis
of long-term mobile phone use and its association with AN and other brain
tumors.
‚o‚•‚‚‚‚…‚„‚ðŒŸõ‚µ‚ÄA’®_ŒoŽî‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é10Œ‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ÆA1Œ‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—p‚Æ‚»‚ê‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é’®_ŒoŽîE‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”]ŽîᇂɊւ·‚郃^‰ð͂𔲂«o‚µ‚ăŒƒrƒ…[‚µ‚½B
RESULTS:Œ‹‰Ê
Most studies did not find association between the development of AN and cell
phone use, but some studies that followed cases for 10 years or more did show
an association. Among 10 case-control studies, odds ratios for AN associated
with regular cell phone use ranged from 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI],
0.2-1.0) to 4.2 (95% CI, 1.8-10). Cell phone use was not associated with
increased risk for AN in the Danish cohort study, which excluded business users
from their study.
The meta-analysis, which included 3 case-control studies, found that subjects
who used cell phones for at least 10 years had a 2.4-fold greater risk of
developing ipsilateral AN.
In general, retrospective studies are limited in the ability to assess cell
phone exposure because of recall bias and misclassification.
–w‚Ç‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ’®_ŒoŽî‚̔ǂ̊ԂɊ֘A«‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢A‚µ‚©‚µA‚¢‚‚‚©‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚Í10”NˆÈã‚ÌÇ—á‚𒲂ׂÄAŠÖ˜A«‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚éB
10Œ‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚Ì’†‚ÅA’èŠú“I‚ÈŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é’®_ŒoŽî‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í0.5‚©‚ç4.2‚͈̔͂ɂ ‚éB
ƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAƒrƒWƒlƒX‚Å‚ÌŒg‘ÑŽg—p‚ðŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚©‚眊O‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A’®_ŒoŽî‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©o‚µ‚Ä‚Í‚¢‚È‚¢B
3Œ‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðŠÜ‚Þƒƒ^‰ðÍ‚Å‚ÍA‚·‚‚È‚‚Æ‚à10”N‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ‚Ì”]‚Ì“¯‘¤‚É’®_ŒoŽî‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Ái2.4”{j‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
ˆê”Ê“I‚ÉŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŽv‚¢o‚µ‚̃oƒCƒAƒX‚ƌ땪—Þ‚É‚æ‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì”˜˜I‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚é”\—Í‚ÉŒÀ“x‚ª‚ ‚éB
CONCLUSIONS: Œ‹˜_
The evaluation of AN risk factors is challenging due to its long latency. Some
studies of longer term cell phone use have found an increased risk of
ipsilateral AN.
Adopting a prospective approach to acquire data on cell phone use, obtaining
retrospective billing records that provide independent evaluations of
exposures, and incorporating information on other key potential risk factors
from questionnaires could markedly advance the capacity of studies to evaluate
the impact of cell phones on AN.
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FFinal ReportF@Assessment of ELF Exposure from GSM Handsets and Development of an
Optimized RF/ELF Exposure Setup for Studies of Human VolunteersF
BAG Reg. No. 2.23.02.-18/02.001778
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFMarkus Tuor‚ç
”sFITIS@Zurich,
January 2005
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b’[––‚©‚ç‚Žü”g‚Ì“d”g‚Å‚Í‚È‚A’áŽü”g‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ª˜R‰k‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚𒲸‚µ‚½•ñ‘‚Å‚ ‚éB
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iBEMSJ’FŒg‘Ñ“d˜b’[––‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍTDMS‚Ì•ûŽ®‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚̂悤‚É“d”g‚ÍŠÔŒ‡“I‚É”M‚µA“d”g‚Ì”M‚ÌŠÔŒ‡‚ɉž‚¶‚ÄAƒoƒbƒeƒŠ[‚©‚ç“d—¬‚àŠÔŒ‡‚·‚é‚Ì‚Å
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E‘ª’èƒZƒ“ƒT[‚ÍA‚X‚O‚OMH‚š‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½“d”g‚ð”ð‚¯‚ÄA’áŽü”g‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚¾‚¯‚ðŠÏ‘ª‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA‘ª’èƒZƒ“ƒT[•”‚É‚Í‚Žü”g“d”g‚ðŽÕ’f‚·‚é‹à‘®»ƒlƒbƒg‚ðŽæ‚è•t‚¯‚½B
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E’[––•\–Ê‚Å‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ðA‹ŒICNIRPƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“1998”N‚̈ê”ÊŒöOŒü‚¯‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŽQl’l‚É”äŠr‚µ‚½Bã‹L‚Í‚»‚̈ê—á‚Å‚ ‚éB
EŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍAˆê•”‚Ì‚’²”g‚ÅA‹ŒICNIRP‚ÌŽQlƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ð’´‚¦‚½B
‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚à‚Ì‚Å‚µ‚½B
ICNIRP‚Ì2011”NƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚Å‚ÍA”¶Œ¹‚©‚ç‚Q‚O‚ƒ‚ˆÈ“à‚ÌꇂÍAŽQlƒŒƒxƒ‹i‘Sg”˜˜IA‹óŠÔ•½‹Ïj‚ð‹ÇŠ‚É‚à“K—p‚µ‚ÄA’l‚ð’´‚¦‚È‚¯‚ê‚Ηǂ¢B
’´‚¦‚éꇂÍAŠî–{§ŒÀ‚É—§‚¿•Ô‚Á‚ÄA•]‰¿‚·‚é@‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‚±‚Ì2011”N‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ÉƂ炵‚Äl‚¦‚ê‚ÎAITIS‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍAŒ»Ý‚ÌICNIRPƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚É“K‡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚é‚悤‚Å‚·B
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ŒfÚŽFBioelectromagnetics 32:334-339 (2011)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FTime Trends (1998-2007) in Brain Cancer Incidence
Rates in Relation to Mobile Phone Use in England
‰p‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é”]Žîᇂւ̜늳—¦‚ÌŽžŠÔ“I•Ï‰»‚Ì“®Œü
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFFrank de Vocht et al;
ŠT—vF
Mobile phone use in the United Kingdom and other countries has risen steeply
since the early 1990fs when the first digital mobile
phones were introduced.
‰p‘‹y‚Ñ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì‘‚Å‚ÍAʼn‚̃fƒWƒ^ƒ‹Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ª“±“ü‚³‚ꂽ1990”N‘ãˆÈ~AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Í‹}Œƒ‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
There is an ongoing controversy about whether radio frequency (RF) exposure
from mobile phones increases the risk of brain cancer.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ª”]Žîᇂ̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©”Û‚©‚̘_‘ˆ‚ªŒp‘±’†‚Å‚ ‚éB
However, given the widespread use and nearly two decades elapsing since mobile
phones were introduced, an association should have produced a noticeable
increase in the incidence of brain cancer by now.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì•‹y‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ª“±“ü‚³‚ê‚Ä‚©‚ç20”N‚ªŒo‰ß‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ÅAŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚àŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚é”]Žîᇂ̜늳—¦‚ÌŒŸ’m‰Â”\‚È‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚à‚µ‚©‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚éB
Trends in rates of newly diagnosed brain cancer cases in England between 1998
and 2007 were examined.
1998”N‚©‚ç2007”N‚̊Ԃ̉p‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚éV‚½‚É”]ŽîᇂÆf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÌŒXŒü‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
There were no time trends in overall incidence of brain cancers for either
gender, or any specific age
group.
«•Ê‚â“Á’è‚Ì”N—îŠK‘w‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚àA”]Žîᇂ̑S‘̜̂늳—¦‚ÌŽžŠÔ“I•Ï‰»‚ÌŒXŒü‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢B
Systematic increases in rates for cancers of the temporal lobe in men (0.04 new
cases/year) and women (0.02/year) were observed, along with decreases in the
rates of cancers of the parietal lobe (-0.03/year), cerebrum (-0.02/year) and
cerebellum (-0.01/year) in men only.
‘¤“ª”]‚ÌŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í’j«‚Å”N0.004Ç—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅA—«‚Å‚Í”N0.02Ç—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅA•ª—Þã‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽB
“ª’¸‚ÌŠà‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í”N0.03Ç—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅŒ¸‚ªA‘å”]‚Å‚Í”N0.02Ç—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅŒ¸‚ªA¬”]‚Å‚Í”N0.01Ç—á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅŒ¸‚ªA’j«‚É‚Ì‚Ý‚ÉŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB
The increased use of mobile phones between 1985 and 2003 has not led to a
noticeable change in the incidence of brain cancer in England between 1998 and
2007.
1985”N‚©‚ç2003”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍA1998”N‚©‚ç2007”N‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‰p‘‚Ì”]Žîᇜ늳—¦‚É’–Ú‚É’l‚·‚鑉Á‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
The observed increase in the rate of cancers in the temporal lobe, if caused by
mobile phone use, would constitute <1 additional case per 100,000 people in
that period.
–{Œ¤‹†‚ÅŒ©‚ç‚ꂽ‘¤“ª”]‚Å‚Ì”]Žîᇑ‰Á‚ÍA‚à‚µŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŠúŠÔ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é10–œl“–‚½‚è1–¼ˆÈ‰º‚Ì‘‰Á‚Æ‚È‚éB
These data do not indicate a pressing need to
implement a precautionary principle by means of population-wide interventions
to reduce RF exposure from mobile phones.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃f[ƒ^‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚½‚ß‚ÉA‘S‘“I‚ɉî“ü‚·‚éŽè’i‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ð“K—p‚·‚邱‚Ƃɑ΂µ‚Ä‚Í‹Ù‹}“I‚È•K—v«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‰æ‘œ”²‚¯
@@
Fig.1.Brain cancer
incidence rates between 1998 and 2007 per 100,000 people in England and number
of mobile phone subscribers in the UK between 1985 and 2003
}‚PF1998”N‚©‚ç2007”N‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‰p‘‚Ì10–œl“–‚½‚è‚Ì”]Žîᇜ늳—¦‚Æ1985”N‚©‚ç2003”N‚̊Ԃ̉p‘‚Å‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ”
ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‘S•¶‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‹L:2013-2-16
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFMutagenesis vol. 19 no. 5 pp. 361--364, 2004
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FInvestigation of the Genotoxic effect of microwave
irradiation in rat bone marrow cells: in vivo exposure
@ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ìœ‘×–E‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚̶B“Å«‚ÌŒ¤‹†FƒCƒ“ƒrƒ{‚Å‚Ì”˜˜I
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFIvancica
Trosic, Ivana Busljeta and B.Modlic
ŠT—vF
An in vivo mammalian cytogenetic test (the erythrocyte micronucleus assay) was
used to investigate the extent of genetic damage in bone marrow red cells of
rats exposed to radiofrequency/microwave (RF/MW) radiation.
‚Žü”gEƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚µ‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ìœ‘ÔŒŒ‹…×–E‚É‚¨‚¯‚é¶B“I‚ÈáŠQ‚Ì’ö“x‚𒲂ׂ邽‚ß‚ÉAƒCƒ“ƒrƒ{‚Å‚Ì×–EŠw“IŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Wistar rats (n = 40) were exposed to a 2.45 GHz continuous RF/MW field for 2 h
daily, 7 days a week, at a power density of 5--10 mW/cm2.
ƒEƒCƒXƒ^[ƒ‰ƒbƒg40•C‚ÍA“d—Í–§“xF5-10mW/cm2‚ÅA1“ú2ŽžŠÔAT‚É7“úŠÔA2.45GHz‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ð˜A‘±”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
The whole body average specific absorption rate (SARs) was calculated to be
1.25 } 0.36 (SE) W/kg.
‘Sg•½‹ÏSAR‚Í1.25W/kg‚ÆŒvŽZ‚³‚ꂽB
iBEMSJ’FICNIRP‚̊ł͈ê”ÊŒöO‚Ì”˜˜IŒÀ“x‚Í0.08W/kg‚È‚Ì‚ÅA16”{‹‚¢”˜˜IðŒ‚Å‚ ‚éBj
Four subgroups were irradiated for 4, 16, 30 and 60 h.
4ŒS‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚Í4A16A10A60ŽžŠÔ‚ÌÆŽË‚ðŽó‚¯‚½B
Sham-exposed controls (n = 24) were included in the study.
‹^Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚Í24•C‚ÅAŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The
animals of each treated subgroup were killed on the final day of irradiation.
‘´X‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚É—p‚¢‚½‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ÍAÆŽË‚ÌÅI“ú‚ÉŽE‚³‚ꂽB
Bone marrow smears were examined to determine the extent of genotoxicity after
particular treatment times.
œ‘‚Í“K؂Ȉ—ŽžŠÔŒã‚ÉA»’¼“Å«‚Ì’ö“x‚ðŒˆ‚ß‚é‚½‚ß‚ÉŽŽŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The results were statistically evaluated using non-parametric Mann--Whitney and
Kruskal--Wallis tests.
Œ‹‰Ê‚Í“Œv“I‚Ɉ—‚³‚ꂽB
In comparison with the sham exposed subgroups, the findings of polychromatic
erythrocytes (PCE) revealed significant differences (P 5 0.05) for experimental
days 8 and 15.
‹^Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚É”ä‚ׂÄA”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍAPCE‚ÍŽÀŒ±8“úA15“úŒã‚Å‚Í—LˆÓ‚ɈقȂ邱‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
The frequency of micronucleated PCEs was also
significantly increased on experimental day 15 (P 5 0.05).
”÷¬ŠjPCE‚Ì•p“x‚ÍŽÀŒ±15“úŒã‚Å‚ÍA—LˆÓ‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚½B
Pair-wise comparison of data obtained after 2, 8 and 30 irradiation treatments
did not reveal statistically significant differences between sham exposed and
treated subgroups.
ÆŽË2“úA8“úA30“úŒã‚É“¾‚ç‚ꂽƒf[ƒ^‚̈ê‘ΔäŠr‚Å‚ÍA‹^Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚Æ”˜˜IŒQŠÔ‚É‚Í“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚È·ˆÙ‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Under the applied experimental condition the findings revealed a transient
effect on proliferation and maturation of erythropoietc
cells in the rat bone marrow and the sporadic appearance of micronucleated
immature bone marrow red cells.
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http://www.emfacts.com/2013/07/long-term-exposure-to-microwave-radiation-provokes-cancer-growth-evidences-from-radars-and-mobile-communication-systems/#comment-333@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@‚Q‚O‚P‚R|‚V|‚Q‚W‚̃ƒO
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes
cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.
JULY 28 2013
From Paul Doyon:
This study out in 2011 should really be enough for people to make the logical
conclusion that be blasted with WiFi (and more than
often many sources of multiple WiFi signals) 24/7 is
probably not a good idea. We are literally drowning in a sea of EMFs as a
result of other peoplefs stupidity.
paul doyon
Long-term exposure to microwave
radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile
communication systems.
Exp Oncol. 2011 Jun; 33(2):62-70.
Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences
from radars and mobile communication systems.
Yakymenko I, Sidorik E,
Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V.
Source
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2013”N7ŒŽ‚É‚È‚Á‚ÄA2011”N‚̘_•¶‚ÌЉƒ[ƒŠƒ“ƒO‚ÉA‚¢‚Ü‚³‚ç‚̂悤‚ÉA—¬‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽFExp Oncol. 2011 Jun;33(2):62-70.@ŽÀŒ±ŽîᇊwEŽGŽ@2011”N33Šª2†62 `70ƒy[ƒW
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLong-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer
growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.
ƒKƒ“‚Ì‘B‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gE•úŽËü‚Ì’·ŠúŠÔ”픘FƒŒ[ƒ_‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b’ÊMƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚©‚ç‚ÌØ‹’
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFYakymenko I, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun
V.@ƒ„ƒLƒƒ“ƒR‚ç
Abstract@ŠT—v
In this review we discuss alarming epidemiological and experimental data on
possible carcinogenic effects of long term exposure to low intensity microwave
(MW) radiation.
‚±‚̃Œƒrƒ…[‚Å‚ÍA’á‹“x‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥”g‚Ì’·ŠúŠÔ”픘‚Ì”ƒKƒ“Œø‰Ê‚̉”\«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄŒx‚𔂵‚Ä‚¢‚é‰uŠw‚âŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚̃f[ƒ^‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚éB
BEMSJ’FƒŒƒrƒ…[‚Ƃ̓IƒŠƒWƒiƒ‹‚ȉuŠw‚âŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚Å‚Í‚È‚A‘¼‚Ì—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÌŒ¤‹†˜_•¶‚ðW‚ß‚ÄA‰ðà‚⑇•]‰¿‚ðs‚¤‚±‚ÆB
Recently, a number of reports revealed that under certain conditions the
irradiation by low intensity MW can substantially induce cancer progression in
humans and in animal models.
Å‹ßA”‘½‚‚Ì•ñ‚ÅA‚ ‚éðŒ‰º‚Å‚Ì’á‹“xƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ªlŠÔ‚â“®•¨‚̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄAƒKƒ“‚Ìis‚ð‘£i‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªo—ˆ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
The carcinogenic effect of MW irradiation is typically manifested after long
term (up to 10 years and more) exposure.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gÆŽË‚Ì”ƒKƒ“Œø‰Ê‚Í’·ŠúŠÔi10”N‚©‚»‚êˆÈãj‚Ì”˜˜I‚ÌŒã‚ÉŒ»‚ê‚é‚Ì‚ª“TŒ^“I‚Å‚ ‚éB
Nevertheless, even a year of operation of a powerful base transmitting station
for mobile communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic increase of cancer
incidenceӦ among
population living nearby.
‚»‚ê‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸AŒg‘Ñ’ÊM‚Ì‹—Í‚ÈŠî’n‹Ç‚Ì”NŠÔ‚̉ғ‚ÍA‚»‚ê‚Ì‹ß‚‚ÉZ‚ÞlX‚ɃKƒ“”¶‚ªŒ€“I‚È‘‰Á‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚É—L‚é‚悤‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In addition, model studies in rodents unveiled a significant increase in
carcinogenesis after 17-24 months of MW exposure both in tumor-prone and intact
animals.
‰Á‚¦‚ÄA‚°‚ÁŽ•—ނ̃lƒYƒ~‚È‚Ç‚Ì“®•¨ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAŽîᇂ̔¶‚µ‚â‚·‚‚µ‚½“®•¨‚Å‚ ‚êAŒ’‘S‚È“®•¨‚Å‚ ‚êA17`24TŠÔ‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ÌŒã‚ÅA—LˆÓ‚ÈŽîᇔ¶‚Ì‘‰Á‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
To that, such metabolic changes, as overproduction of reactive oxygen species,
8-hydroxi-2-deoxyguanosine formation, or ornithine decarboxylase activation
under exposure to low intensity MW confirm a stress impact of this factor on
living cells.
’á‹“x‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ÅA8|ƒnƒCƒhƒƒL[2|ƒfƒIƒLƒVƒOƒAƒmƒVƒ“Œ`¬‚âAƒIƒ‹ƒjƒ`ƒ“’E’YŽ_y‘f‚ÌŠˆ«‰»‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½Šˆ«Ž_‘fŽí‚̉ß趬‚̂悤‚ÈV’‘ãŽÓ‚̕ω»‚ªA¶‚«‚½×–E’†‚Å‚ÌÕŒ‚“IƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŠm”F‚³‚ꂽB
We also address the issue of standards for assessment of biological
effects of irradiation.
‰äX‚Í‚Ü‚½AƎ˂̶•¨“IŒø‰Ê‚Ì•]‰¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŠî€‚Ìì¬‚É‚àŒ¾‹y‚·‚éB
It is now becoming increasingly evident that assessment of biological
effects of non-ionizing radiation based on physical (thermal) approach used in
recommendations of current regulatory bodies, including the International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines, requires
urgent reevaluation.
‘Û”ñ“d—£•úŽËü–hŒìˆÏˆõ‰ïiICNIRPj‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ðŠÜ‚ÞŒ»Ý‚Ì‹K§“–‹Ç‚ªŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚镨—“Ii”MŒø‰Ê“IjƒAƒvƒ[ƒ`‚ÉŠî‚”ñ“d—£•úŽËü‚̶•¨Šw“I‰e‹¿‚Ì•]‰¿–@‚ª‹Ù‹}‚ÈÄ•]‰¿‚ð—v‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éØ‹’‚ª¡‚⑉Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éBiBEMSJ’F‚±‚Ì•¶‚̈Ӗ¡‚ª¡ˆê‚”»‚è‚É‚‚¢j
We conclude that recent data strongly point to the need for re-elaboration
of the current safety limits for non-ionizing radiation using recently obtained
knowledge.
Å‹ß‚É“¾‚ç‚ꂽ’mŽ¯‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚ÄA”ñ“d—£•úŽËü‚ÌŒ»s‚̈À‘SŒÀŠE’l‚ðÄ„È‚·‚é•K—v«‚ðAŋ߂̃f[ƒ^‚Í‹‚Ž¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚Ì‚ª‰äX‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚Å‚ ‚éB
We also emphasize that the everyday exposure of both occupational and
general public to MW radiation should be regulated based on a precautionary
principle which imply maximum restriction of excessive exposure.
E‹Æl‚ƈê”ÊŒöO‚Ì“úí“I‚ȃ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ªA‰ß蔘˜I‚ðÅ‘åŒÀ‹K§‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Å‚Ì—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÉŠî‚¢‚ÄA‹K’肳‚ê‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðA‰äX‚Í‹’²‚·‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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http://www.tuv-ohtama.co.jp/itj/index.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
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Œ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍuEpidemiological study On Childhood Cancer and
Proximity to Radio and Television Transmittersv‚ÅŒ©‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAFederal office for Radiation Protection‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉA‘åŠw‚ÌInstitute at Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (ˆã—p¶•¨“ŒvŠwC‰uŠwEî•ñŠw)‚Ås‚í‚ꂽB
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ŒfÚŽFJ Hered, 1982
Mar-Apr;73(2):133-8.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCytogenetic consequences of microwave irradiation
on mammalian cells incubated in vitro
ƒCƒ“ƒrƒgƒ‚Å”|—{‚³‚ꂽšM“û—Þ‚Ì×–E‚ւ̃}ƒCƒNƒ”gÆŽË‚É‚¨‚¯‚é×–Eˆâ“`Šw“I‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFYao K T.
AbstractŠT—v
A 2450 MHz microwave oven was converted into a microwave incubator.
2450MHz‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”|—{Ší‚ɉü‘¢‚µ‚½B
iBEMSJ’F–{•¶‚ðŒ©‚é‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ւ̌𗬓ü—Í“dˆ³‚ð’Êí120V‚ÌŠ‚ðA10V‚ÉŒ¸‚¶‚ÄA’áo—Í‚É‚µ‚ÄŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB’Êí‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”go—ÍW”‚ÆA’áo—ÍŽž‚Ìo—ÍW”‚Í–{•¶‚Ì’†‚Å‚Í‹Lq‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚¢Bj
Rat kangaroo RH5 and RH16 cells were incubated in the incubator and were sub
culturedŒp‘ã”|—{, every 5 to 7 days.
ƒJƒ“ƒKƒ‹[ƒlƒYƒ~RH5CRH16‚Ì×–E‚ð”|—{Ší‚Å”|—{‚µA5‚©‚ç7“úŠÔŒp‘ã”|—{‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The temperature of the cell cultures in the incubator was maintained at 37
degrees C.
”|—{Ší‚Ì’†‚Ì”|—{×–E‚̉·“x‚Í37Ž‚É•Û‚Á‚½iBEMSJ’F–{•¶‚Ì’†‚Å‚Í35Ž‚©‚ç37Ž‚É•Û‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹LqjB
The cells were incubated with direct microwave irradiation continuously for 50
passages and then returned to a conventional incubator and allowed to grow for
another 30 passages.
×–E‚Í’¼Úƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‰º‚Å50‘ã‚ɂ킽‚éŒp‘ã”|—{‚³‚ꂽB
‚»‚ÌŒãA’Êí‚Ì”|—{Ší‚Ì’†‚Å‚³‚ç‚É30‘ã‚ɂ킽‚éŒp‘ã”|—{‚³‚ꂽB
Cell growth rate was significantly reduced after 7 or 15 subculture passages
under irradiation.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gƎˉº‚Å‚Í7-15‘ã‚ÌŒp‘Ì”|—{Œã‚ÉA×–E‚̬’·—¦‚ª’ቺ‚µ‚½B
Chromosome aberrations emerged after the cells had been microwave-incubated for
about 20 passages.
õF‘̈Ùí‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”gƎˉº‚ÌŒp‘ã”|—{‚ÅA–ñ20‘ãˆÈ~‚ÅoŒ»‚µ‚½B
The long-term irradiation caused 0.84 chromosome breaks per cell in RH5 cell
cultures and 0.10 breaks per cell in RH16 cell cultures.
’·Šú‚Ì”˜˜I‚ÅARH5×–E‚Å‚Í×–E‚ ‚½‚è0.84‚ÌŠ„‡‚ÅõF‘ÌØ’f‚ª‹N‚±‚Á‚½ARH16 ×–E‚Å‚Í×–E‚ ‚½‚è0.10‚ÌŠ„‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
After the cell cultures had been returned to the conventional incubator and
maintained for 30 passages, the number of chromosomes breaks was greatly
reduced in both cell cultures.
’Êí‚Ì”|—{Ší‚É–ß‚µ‚ÄA30‘ã‚ɂ킽‚éŒp‘ã”|—{‚ðs‚Á‚½Œã‚ÌõF‘ÌØ’f‚Í—¼•û‚Ì×–E‚Å‹¤‚ÉA‘å‚«‚Œ¸‚µ‚½B
The number of polyploid cells was increased to 35 percent and 31 percent during
the irradiation, and was significantly reduced in the conventional incubator.
”{”‘Ì×–E‚Ì”‚ÍÆŽËŽž‚Å‚Í35%‚Æ31%‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽB‚»‚µ‚Ä’Êí‚Ì”|—{Ší‚Å‚Í—LˆÓ‚ÉŒ¸‚µ‚½B
Many RH5 cells lost one chromosome and became 10-chromosome cells.
‘½‚‚ÌRH5×–E‚ÍõF‘Ì‚ðŽ¸‚¢A10–{‚ÌõF‘Ì×–E‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
The number of 10-chromosome cells increased during irradiation and continued to
increase after being returned to the conventional incubator.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gƎˉº‚Å10–{‚ÌõF‘Ì‚ÉŒ¸‚µ‚½×–E”‚Í‘‰Á‚µA’Êí‚Ì”|—{Ší‚É–ß‚µ‚Ä‚àA‘‰Á‚µ‘±‚¯‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽFEpidemiology: November 2008 - Volume 19
- Issue 6 - pp S94-S95
ŒfÚŽF ISEE 20th Annual Conference, Pasadena, California,
October 12-16, 2008: Contributed Abstracts
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FPrenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cell
Phone Use and Behavioral Problems in Children
@@@o¶‘OEo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÆŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®‚ւ̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFDivan, H A; Kheifets,
L; Obel, C; Olsen, J
Background:@
Exposure to radiofrequency fields is
increasingly common, but the potential influence on health has not been
thoroughly investigated, especially in children.
Between 2003 and 2008, there were more than 900 million new cell phone
subscribers worldwide, with a total of more than two billion subscribers.
The World Health Organization has emphasized the need for research into the
possible effects of radiofrequency fields in children.
We examined the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell
phones and behavioral problems in young children.
”wŒiF
–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚Í‚Ü‚·‚Ü‚·ˆê”ʉ»‚µ‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚µ‚©‚µA‚»‚ÌŒ’N‚ւ̉e‹¿‚Í\•ª‚ÉŒ¤‹†‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚ÍŒ¾‚¦‚È‚¢A“Á‚ÉŽq‹Ÿ‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍB
2003”N‚©‚ç2008”N‚ÌŠÔ‚É¢ŠE‚Å‚Í900•S–œ‘äˆÈã‚ÌV‹K‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ‚ª‚¨‚èA—ÝŒv‚Å‚Í20‰ˆÈã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ”‚Æ‚È‚éB
WHO‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì–³üŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE‚̉e‹¿‚ðŒ¤‹†‚·‚ׂ«‚Æ‹’²‚µ‚Ä‚«‚½B‰äX‚ÍAo¶‘O‚Æo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚É‚æ‚éŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®‚ւ̉e‹¿‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
Methods:
This study was based on the Danish
National Birth Cohort, which recruited women during pregnancy from March 1996
through November 2002.
A total of 101,032 pregnancies were enrolled in the cohort.
Mothers and live-born children constitute two fixed cohorts that are to be
followed for decades in a life-course perspective.
•û–@F‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í1996”N3ŒŽ‚©‚ç2002”N11ŒŽ‚ÌŠÔ‚É”DP‚µ‚½—«‚É‚æ‚éAƒfƒ“ƒ}[ƒN‘‰Æ¶’aƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†Šî‚¢‚½B
ƒRƒz[ƒg‚Ì’†‚©‚燌v101,032Œ‚Ì”DP‚ð“o˜^‚µ‚½B
•êe‚ƶ‚«‚Ķ‚܂ꂽŽq‹Ÿ‚Í“ñ‚‚̃Rƒz[ƒg‚ðŒ`¬‚·‚éA10”NŠÔ‚Ì’ÇÕ‚É‚æ‚é•û–@‚ÆAƒ‰ƒt‚È—\‘ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
Detailed information on life-style
factors, dietary habits and environmental exposures were collected in a series
of four telephone interviews from pregnancy to when the newborn reached 18
months.
In 2005 and 2006, when the children of those pregnancies had reached 7 years of
age, mothers were asked to complete a new questionnaire regarding the current
health and behavioral status of children, as well as their cell phone during
pregnancy and child's current cell phone use.
Ú×î•ñ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA¶ŠˆƒXƒ^ƒCƒ‹—v‘fAHKŠµAŠÂ‹«”˜˜I‚ªA”DP‚©‚çŽq‹Ÿ‚ª’a¶‚µ‚Ä18‚©ŒŽŒã‚Ü‚ÅA4‰ñ‚Ì“d˜bƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚ÅAŽûW‚³‚ꂽB
2005”N‚Æ2006”N‚ÉAŽq‹Ÿ‚ª7΂ɂȂÁ‚½Žž‚ÉA•êe‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒ’N‚Æs“®—lŽ®‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA”DP’†‚Ì•êe‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆAŽq‹Ÿ‚ªŒ»ÝŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鎿–â‚Æ‹¤‚ÉAV‹K‚ÌŽ¿–â•[‚É“š‚¦‚é‚悤‚É—v¿‚³‚ꂽB
Mothers evaluated the child's behavior
problems using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, which consisted of
25 questions with scaled responses regarding their child's behavior.
Based on the specific numerical score, children were classified as abnormal,
borderline, or normal for overall behavioral problems as well as for the
specific outcomes such as emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, or peer problems.
•êe‚ÍŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®ã‚Ì–â‘è‚ðAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®—lŽ®‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒXƒP[ƒ‹•]‰¿‚Æ‹¤‚É25‚ÌŽ¿–‖ڂ©‚ç‚È‚é‹“xE“ïˆÕŽ¿–â•[‚ðŽg‚Á‚ÄA•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
”’l‰»‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAŠ´î“IA•isA‰ß•q«A—F’BŠÖŒW‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½“Á’è‚Ì–Ú•W‚Æ‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‹¤‚ÉAs“®‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‘S”Ê‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŽq‹Ÿ‚͈ÙíA‹«ŠEüãA³í‚ɋ敪‚³‚ꂽB
In the analysis, comparisons were made between baseline characteristics and
prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure.
An ordinal logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds of the
outcomes of behavioral problems in children according to combined prenatal and
postnatal exposure to cell phones, prenatal exposure only, and postnatal
exposure only.
To evaluate possible dose-response patterns, proxies of prenatal exposure
intensity were considered.
‰ðÍ‚Ì’†‚ÅAŠî€‚Æo¶‘OEo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚Æ‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½B
ƒƒWƒXƒeƒBƒN‰ñ‹Aƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄAo¶‘O‚¨‚æ‚Ño¶Œã‚ð‡‘Ì‚µ‚½Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pAo¶‘O‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pAo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®‚É‚¨‚¯‚é–â‘è“_‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚ð„’肵‚½B
—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚éˆ×‚ÉA”˜˜I‹“x‚Ì‘ã—Žw•W‚𓱓ü‚µ‚½B
Results:
Mothers of 13,159 children completed the
follow-up questionnaire.
Thirty percent of children were using a cell phone at 7 years of age, and about
11 percent of children were exposed to cell phones both prenatally and
postnatally.
Œ‹‰ÊF13159l‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì•êe‚Í’ÇÕ’²¸‚ÌŽ¿–â•\‚É“š‚¦‚½B
7΂Å30“‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—pAo¶‘O‚Æo¶Œã‚É‹¤‚ÉŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‰º‚É‚ ‚Á‚½Žq‹Ÿ‚Í‚P‚P“‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children who had
possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use.
uo¶‘O‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pv‚Æuo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pv‚Å‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®‚É–â‘肪‚ ‚éŽq‹Ÿ‚É‘å‚«‚ȃIƒbƒY”䂪ŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB
After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall
behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence intervals = 1.45–2.23) in
children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones.
‰Â”\«‚Ì‚ ‚éŒð—ˆöŽq‚Ì’²®ŒãAuo¶‘O‚©‚Âo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pv‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚Ìs“®‚Ì–â‘èŽw”‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.80i95“M—Š«‹æŠÔ1.45|2.23j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Conclusions:
Exposure to cell phones prenatally–and,
to a lesser degree, postnatally–was associated with behavioral difficulties
such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry.
These associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding.
If real, they would be of public health concern given the widespread use of
this technology.
Œ‹˜_Fo¶‘O‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÍA‚Ü‚½’ö“x‚ÍŒy‚¢‚ªo¶Œã‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÍAŠwZ‚É“üŠw‚·‚é”N—î‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŠ´îE‰ß•q«‚È‚Ç‚Ìs“®‚ÆAŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚ ‚éB
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‚à‚µA–{“–‚¾‚Æ‚·‚ê‚ÎA‚±‚Ì¢ŠE’†‚ÉL‚Ü‚Á‚½‹Zp‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—^‚¦‚ç‚ꂽŒöO‰q¶ã‚ÌŠÖSŽ–‚É‚È‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤B
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚S|‚P‚Q|‚V
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÍÅ‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̈ê‚ÂB
ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍA‘S•¶Œ´’˜‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ŒfÚŽFAm J Epidemiol. 2014 Apr 1;
179(7):843-51.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to radio-frequency
electromagnetic fields from broadcast transmitters and risk of childhood
cancer: a census-based cohort study.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHauri DD, Spycher B, Huss A, Zimmermann
F, Grotzer M, von der Weid N, Spoerri
A, Kuehni CE, Röösli M; Swiss National Cohort; Swiss Paediatric Oncology Group.Collaborators
(22)
Abstract@ŠT—v
We investigated the association between exposure to radio-frequency
electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) from broadcast transmitters and childhood
cancer.
‰äX‚ͬŽ™Šà‚Æ•ú‘—“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
First, we conducted a time-to-event analysis including children under age 16
years living in Switzerland on December 5, 2000.
ʼn‚ÉA2000”N12ŒŽ5“ú‚ÉAƒXƒCƒX‚ÉZ‚Þ16Έȉº‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½ŽžŠÔEƒCƒxƒ“ƒg‰ð͂𓱓ü‚µ‚½B
Follow-up lasted until December 31, 2008.
2008”N12ŒŽ31“ú‚ÅA’ÇÕ’²¸‚ðŠ®—¹‚µ‚½B
Second, all children living in Switzerland for some time between 1985 and 2008
were included in an incidence density cohort.
1985”N‚©‚ç2008”N‚ÌŠÔ‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ÌŽž‚ÉAƒXƒCƒX‚ÉZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½Žq‹Ÿ‚ªœëŠ³—¦ƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
RF-EMF exposure from broadcast transmitters was modeled.
•ú‘—“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚̓‚ƒfƒ‹‰»‚µ‚½B
Based on 997 cancer cases, adjusted hazard ratios in the time-to-event analysis
for the highest exposure category (>0.2 V/m) as compared with the reference
category (<0.05 V/m) were 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 1.43)
for all cancers, 0.55 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.19) for childhood leukemia, and 1.68
(95% CI: 0.98, 2.91) for childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
997—á‚ÌŠà‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉA0.05V/mˆÈ‰º‚̒ᔘ˜IŒQ‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚½0.2V/m‚Ì‚”˜˜IŒQ‚ÌŽžŠÔEƒCƒxƒ“ƒg‰ðÍ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é’²®áŠQ—¦‚ÍA‘SŠà‚Å1.03i95“M—Š‹æŠÔ0.74]1.43jA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚Å‚Í0.55i“¯0.29]1.19jA’†•_ŒoŽî‚Å‚Í1.68i“¯0.98]2.91j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Results of the incidence density analysis, based on 4,246 cancer cases, were
similar for all types of cancer and leukemia but did not indicate a CNS tumor
risk (incidence rate ratio = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.46).
4246‚ÌŠà—á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‚µ‚½”¶–§“x‰ðÍ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍA‘SŠà‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚Å‚Í“¯—l‚ÅA’†•_ŒoŽî‚ł͈قȂèA”¶—¦”ä‚Í1.03i95“M—Š‹æŠÔ0.73]1.46j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
This large census-based cohort study did not suggest an association between
predicted RF-EMF exposure from broadcasting and childhood leukemia.
‚±‚Ì‘å‹K–Í‚È‘¨’²¸ƒx[ƒX‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ÍA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ—\‘z‚³‚ꂽ•ú‘—“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ÍŽ¦´‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Results for CNS tumors were less consistent, but the most comprehensive
analysis did not suggest an association.
’†•_ŒoŽî‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͈ê’è‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA•ïŠ‡“I‚ȉðÍ‚ÍŠÖ˜A«‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‹LF2014|12|11@
ŒfÚŽFAltern Ther Health Med. 2014 Nov; 20
(6):28-39.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FSelf-reporting of symptom development from
exposure to radiofrequency fields of wireless smart meters in Victoria,
Australia: a case series.
ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚̃”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒAB‚É‚¨‚¯‚é–³üƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚¨‚±‚鎩ŒÈ\¿‚ÌÇóFǗጤ‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLamech F.
Abstract ŠT—v
Context: ŠÂ‹«
In 2006,
the government in the state of Victoria, Australia, mandated the rollout of
smart meters in Victoria, which effectively removed a whole population's
ability to avoid exposure to human-made high-frequency nonionizing radiation.
2006”N‚ÉAƒ”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒAB•{‚̓”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒAB‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚Ì’ñ‹ŸŠJŽn‚𖽂¶‚½B
‚±‚ê‚ÍAlH‚Ì‚Žü”g”ñ“d—£•úŽËü‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ð”ð‚¯‚é‚½‚ß‚Ì‘SŒöO‚Ì“w—Í‚ðŒø‰Ê“I‚Éœ‹Ž‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
This issue appears to constitute an unprecedented public health challenge for
Victoria.
By August 2013, 142 people had reported adverse health effects from wireless
smart meters by submitting information on an Australian public Web site using
its health and legal registers.
‚±‚ÌŽw—߂̓”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒA‚É‚©‚‚ĂȂ¢ŒöO‰q¶‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’§í‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚éB
2013”N‚Ü‚Å‚ÉAŒ’N‚Æ–@‚Ì“o˜^§“x‚ðŽg‚Á‚ÄAƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒAŒöOƒTƒCƒg‚ÉŽ–—á‚ð•ñ‚·‚éŒ`‚ÅAƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚É‚æ‚錒N‚ւ̈«‰e‹¿‚ð142–¼‚ª•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Objective: –Ú“IF
The study evaluated the information in the registers to determine the types of
symptoms that Victorian residents were developing from exposure to wireless
smart meters.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍAƒ”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒAB–¯‚ªƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‹N‚±‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éÇó‚ðŒˆ’è‚·‚éˆ×‚ÉA“o˜^‚³‚ꂽî•ñ‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚éB
Design: ÝŒvF
In this case series, the registers' managers eliminated those cases that did
not clearly identify the people providing information by name, surname, postal
address, and/or e-mail to make sure that they were genuine registrants. Then
they obtained consent from participants to have their deidentified data used to
compile the data for the case series. The author later removed any individual
from outside of Victoria.
‚±‚ÌǗጤ‹†‚Å‚ÍA“o˜^ŠÇ—ŽÒ‚ªŽ–¼E—X•Öˆ¶æZŠE“dŽqƒ[ƒ‹‚È‚Ç‚Ìî•ñ‚ª‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŠm”F‚Å‚«‚È‚¢Ç—á‚ðŽæ‚蜂¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚»‚¤‚µ‚Ä‚©‚çAǗጤ‹†‚ׂ̈̃f[ƒ^‚ð•ÒW‚·‚éˆ×‚É—p‚¢‚égŒ³‚ð‚í‚©‚ç‚È‚‚µ‚½ƒf[ƒ^‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA‹¦—ÍŽÒ‚©‚ç—¹‰ð‚ð‚¦‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒã‚ÉAŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚̓”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒABŠO‚©‚ç‚̃f[ƒ^‚𜋎‚µ‚½B
Participants: ‹¦—ÍŽÒF
The study included 92 residents of Victoria, Australia.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̓”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒAB‚ÉZ‚Þ92–¼‚ÌZ–¯‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Outcome MeasuresFo—ÍF
The author used
her medical experience and judgment to group symptoms into clinically relevant
clusters (eg, pain in the head was grouped with
headache, tinnitus was grouped with ringing in the ears).
The author stayed quite close to the wording used in the original entries.
She then calculated total numbers and percentages for each symptom cluster.
Percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚̈ãŠw“I‚ÈŒoŒ±‚𶂩‚µ‚ÄAÇ—áŒQ‚ð—Õ°“I‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éƒNƒ‰ƒXƒ^[‚É•ª•Ê‚µ‚½B
—Ⴆ‚ÎA“ª•”‚Å‚Ì’É‚Ý‚Í“ª’É‚ÉAŽ¨‚Ì’†‚ɉ¹‚ª–‚苿‚‚ÍŽ¨–‚è‚Í‚Æ‚¢‚¤—á‚Å‚ ‚éB
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍŒ³‚Ì•\Œ»‚É‚Å‚«‚邾‚¯’‰ŽÀ‚É‚È‚é‚悤‚É‚µ‚½B
‚»‚Ì‚¤‚¦‚ÅA‘´X‚ÌÇ—áƒNƒ‰ƒXƒ^[‚É‚¨‚¯‚é—ÝŒv”‚ƃp[ƒZƒ“ƒg‚ðŒv”‚µ‚½Bƒp[ƒZƒ“ƒg‚Í”Žš‚ðŠÛ‚ß‚½B
Results: Œ‹‰ÊF
The most frequently reported symptoms from exposure to smart meters were (1)
insomnia, (2) headaches, (3) tinnitus, (4) fatigue, (5) cognitive disturbances,
(6) dysesthesias (abnormal sensation), and (7) dizziness.
The effects of these symptoms on people's lives were significant.
ƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÅÅ‚à•p“x‚Ì‚‚¢•ñ‚³‚ꂽÇó‚Í1j•s–°Ç@2j“ª’É@3jŽ¨–‚èA4j”æ‚êA5jW’†—Í‚Ì—‚ê@6j’mŠoˆÙíiˆÙí‚ÈŠ´ŠojA7j‚ß‚Ü‚¢@‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
lX‚Ì‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌÇó‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚Í—LˆÓ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Conclusions: Œ‹˜_
Review of some key studies, both recent and old (1971), reveals that the
participants' symptoms were the same as those reported by people exposed to
radiofrequency fields emitted by devices other than smart meters.
Interestingly, the vast majority of Victorian cases did not state that they had
been sufferers of electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) prior to
exposure to the wireless meters, which points to the possibility that smart
meters may have unique characteristics that lower people's threshold for
symptom development.
FÅ‹ß‹y‚ь¢i1971”Nj‚È‚Ç‚ÌŽå‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚ðƒŒƒrƒ…[‚·‚é‚ÆAƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^ˆÈŠO‚Ì‘¼‚Ì–³üŽü”g”“dŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½lX‚Ì‘i‚¦‚éÜó‚Æ“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚éB
‹»–¡[‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÍAƒ”ƒBƒNƒgƒŠƒA‚Å‚ÌÇ—á‚̑唼‚ÍAƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚É”˜˜I‚·‚é‘O‚Í“dŽ¥”g‰ß•qǂɋꂵ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ðq‚ׂĂ¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÅA‚±‚ê‚ÍAƒXƒ}[ƒgƒ[ƒ^‚ÍÇó‚𔶂³‚¹‚élX‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚Ì臒l‚ª’á‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤“ÁˆÙ‚È«Ž¿‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‘S•¶‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚ÄA“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‹L;2015-1-11
–Wiredvision‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹LŽ–‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½¡
http://wiredvision.jp/news/200911/2009111622.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@
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2009”N11ŒŽ16“ú
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ªo‚·“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŒ’Nã‚̊댯«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚©‚Æ‚¢‚¤–â‘è‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í‚Ü‚¾‹c˜_‚ª‘±‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚邪AƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒ`[ƒ€‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì—˜—p‚ª”]‚ɶ•¨Šw“I‚ȉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª”»–¾‚µ‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤B
wLive@Sciencex‚Ì‹LŽ–‚È‚Ç‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆAƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚̃G[ƒŒƒuƒ‹[(Örebro)‘åŠw‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒ`[ƒ€‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì—˜—p‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAŒŒ—¬’†‚̃gƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒ`ƒ“‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿‚Ì—Ê‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Ƃ𔌩‚µ‚½Bƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒ`ƒ“‚Í(”]‚ð•ÛŒì‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é)”]Ò‘‰t‚É‚àŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚鬕ª‚¾B
iƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒ`ƒ“‚̓Œƒ`ƒm[ƒ‹“™‚Ì—A‘—‚ÉŠÖ—^‚·‚錌Ÿ÷ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNjB
‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚̕ω»‚ª”]‚É‚Æ‚Á‚Ä—Ç‚¢‚à‚Ì‚©ˆ«‚¢‚à‚Ì‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍAŒ¤‹†ƒ`[ƒ€‚ÍŒ¾‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤B
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–‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚͈ȉº‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFToxicol Lett. 2009 Aug 25;189@(1):63-6. Epub 2009 May 7.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to an 890-MHz mobile phone-like
signal and serum levels of S100B and transthyretin in volunteers.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSöderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Hardell
L.
Department of Oncology, University Hospital, School of Health and Medical
Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro SE-701 87, Sweden
ŠT—v
Whether low-intensity non-thermal microwave radiation alters the integrity of
the blood-brain barrier has been debated since the late 1970s, yet no
experimental study has been carried out on humans.
’á“d—Í–§“x‚Ì”ñ”MŒø‰ÊƒŒƒxƒ‹‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚ª”]ŠÖ–å‹@”\‚ð—ò‰»‚³‚¹‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä1970”N‘ãˆÈ~A˜_‘ˆ‚ª‘±‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚µ‚©‚àA‚±‚̈Č‚̓qƒg‚ɑ΂·‚éŽÀŒ±‚ªs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
The aim of this study was to test, using peripheral markers, whether exposure
to a mobile phone-like signal alters the integrity of the human blood-brain and
blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÍA––½ƒ}[ƒJ[‚ðŽg‚Á‚ÄAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ð–Í‹[‚µ‚½”˜˜I‚ªl‚Ì”]ŠÖ–å‚̳í‚È‹@”\‚ð•Ï‰»‚³‚¹‚é‚©‚ðŽŽ‚·‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
A provocation study was carried out that exposed 41 volunteers to a 30 min GSM
890 MHz signal with an average specific energy absorption rate distribution of
1.0 W/kg in the temporal area of the head as measured over any 1g of contiguous
tissue.
1‚‡‚ ‚½‚è‚Å‘ª’肵‚½‘¤“ª•”‚Å‚ÌSAR‚ª1.0W/kg‚É‚È‚é‚悤‚ÈGSMŒg‘Ñ890MHz‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ð30•ªA41l‚̃{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒA‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
The outcome was assessed by changes in serum concentrations of two putative
markers of brain barrier integrity, S100B and transthyretin.
”]ŠÖ–å‹@”\‚Ìó‘Ô‚ð„’è‚·‚éƒ}[ƒJ[AS100B‚ƃgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒVƒ“‚ÌŒŒ’†”Z“x‚̕ω»‚ÅA”»’è‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Repeated blood sampling before and after the provocation showed no
statistically significant increase in the serum levels of S100B, while for
transthyretin a statistically significant increase was seen in the final blood
sample 60 min after the end of the provocation as compared to the prior sample
taken immediately after provocation (p=0.02).
ŽŽŒ±‘O‚ÆŒã‚ÅÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ÍAŒŒ’†‚ÌS100B‚Í—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
ƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒ`ƒŒƒVƒ“‚ÍŽŽŒ±’¼Œã‚ÉÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAŽÀŒ±Œã60•ªŒã‚ÉÌŒŒ‚µ‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ÅA“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚È‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽB
The clinical significance of this finding, if any, is unknown. Further
randomized studies with use of additional more brain specific markers are
needed.
‚±‚ÌŒŸ’m‚Ì—Õ°“I‚Èd—v«‚ÍA‚ ‚é‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àA‚Ü‚¾‚í‚©‚ç‚È‚¢B‚³‚ç‚É”]‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚½—lX‚ȃ}[ƒJ[‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ĒljÁ‚ÌA–³ìˆ×‚ÈŽÀŒ±‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
ì¬F@2003-8-17@
ŒfÚŽGAnnals
of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 247, Issue 1 p155-165, 1975
˜_•¶–¼FThe
ocular effects of microwaves on hypothermic rabbits: a study of microwave
cataract genic mechanisms
‘̉·‚ð‰º‚°‚½ó‘Ô‚É‚µ‚½ƒEƒTƒM‚ւ̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÌŠá‚ւ̉e‹¿Fƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Ì”’“àᔶ‚ւ̃ƒJƒjƒYƒ€‚ÌŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFP.
O. Kramar, A. F. Emery, A. W. Guy and J. C. Lin
Rabbits, irradiated by known cataract genic levels of 2.45 GHz radiation at 5
cm, did not develop cataracts if kept under general hypothermiaiS‘ŸŽèp‚È‚Ç‚Ås‚¤—â‹p–@A’á‘̉·j.
‚QD‚S‚T‚f‚g‚š‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Å”’“àá‚ð‹N‚±‚·‚Æ‚³‚ê‚é‹@’m‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚ðƒEƒTƒM‚É‚T‚ƒ‚‚Ì‹——£‚ÅÆŽË‚µ‚Ä‚àA‚à‚µƒEƒTƒM‚ª’á‘̉·ó‘ԂɈێ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚ê‚ÎA”’“àá‚Í”¶‚µ‚È‚¢B
Radiation-induced temperature elevation appears to be essential for the
cataract genic effect of microwaves.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚æ‚é”’“àᔶ‚É‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—U“±‚³‚ê‚鉷“x㸂ª‘å‚«‚ÈŒ®‚ðˆ¬‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
’F‚±‚̘_•¶‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚æ‚é”’“àᔶ‚Í”MŒø‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚T|‚T|‚P‚R
–Žn‚Ü‚è
ˆÈ‰º‚Ìî•ñ‚ªMedia@Kokyshoihttp://www.kokusyo.jp/j‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
ˆê•”‚ðˆø—p
–––––––––––––––––
2015”N03ŒŽ17“ú(‰Î—j“ú)
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì‚r‚`‚q’l‚̈À‘S•]‰¿‚ÉVŒ©‰ðA”픘—Ê‚ª‚È‚‚Ä‚àƒKƒ“‰»‚ð‘£iAƒhƒCƒc‚Ì‘åŠw‚ª“®•¨ŽÀŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ðŒö•\
i—ªj
•{‚âŠé‹Æ‚©‚ç“Æ—§‚µ‚Ä“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒjƒ…[ƒˆ[ƒN‚Ìwƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gƒjƒ…[ƒXxiMicrowave
News j‚ÍA‚RŒŽ‚P‚R“úASAR’l‚̈À‘SŠî€‚É‹^–â‚ð’æ‚·‚é“®•¨Œ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð•ñ‚¶‚½B
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹‚ÍAw‚Žü”g‚̃Kƒ“‰»‘£i:“®•¨ŽÀŒ±‚ª”g—‚ð‹N‚±‚·\\ƒhƒCƒc‚̃AƒŒƒbƒNƒXEƒŒ[ƒqƒ‹‚ª‚tƒ^[ƒ“‚µ‚½x‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŽÀŒ±‚̎哱ŽÒ‚ÍA’჌ƒxƒ‹‚Ì‚Žü”g”˜˜IŒø‰Ê‚Í‹U‰ÈŠw‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ’·”N‚ɂ킽‚èŽå’£‚µ‚Ä‚«‚½AƒhƒCƒcJacobs‘åŠw‚̃Œ[ƒqƒ‹‹³ŽöB“¯Ž‚ÍA‚±‚Ìà‚ðŽ©‚ç•¢‚µ‚½‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒlƒYƒ~‚ÌŽq‹{‚É”Šà•¨Ž¿‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’m‚ç‚ê‚éENU‚ð“Š—^‚µ‚½ãA‘æ‚R¢‘ãŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ð•úŽË‚µASAR’l‚Æ”Šà‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲂×AƒŠƒ“ƒpŽî‚Í‚à‚¿‚ë‚ñ‚Ì‚±‚ÆAŠÌ‘Ÿ‚Æ”x‚ÌŽîᇂà—LˆÓ‚É‘‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
i—ªj
ŽÀŒ±‚Å—p‚¢‚½SAR’l‚Í0.04 W/kgA0.4 W/kgA‚»‚ê‚É2 W/kg‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚ ‚éƒP[ƒX‚Å‚ÍA”픚—Ê‚ª‚È‚¢‚قǃKƒ“‰»‚ª‘£i‚³‚ꂽB
—Ⴆ‚ÎA“ú–{‚Ìl‘Ì‹K§’l‚Å‚ ‚é2 W/kg”˜˜I‚æ‚è’á‚¢ASAR’li1/50, 1/5j”˜˜I‚ÅAƒŠƒ“ƒpŽî‚Ì”¶—¦‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
i—ªj
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–Œ´’˜˜_•¶‚͈ȉº‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications@@Available online 6 March 2015
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FTumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFProf. Dr. Alexander Lerchla@‚ç
‚±‚̘_•¶‚Í—L—¿‚Å‘S•¶‚ðw“ü‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\B
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌSAR”˜˜IðŒ‚Í‘Sg‹Ï“™”˜˜I‚Å‚ ‚éB
‹ÇŠ”˜˜I‚Æ‘Sg‹Ï“™”˜˜I‚Å‚Í5”{‚Ì·ˆÙ‚ª‚ ‚èAICNIRP‚̈ê”ÊŒöO‚Ö‚Ì‘Sg‹Ï“™”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚Í0.08W/kg‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚±‚ÌŽÀŒ±ðŒ‚ÌSAR’l‚Í‘´XA0.04 W/kgiŒÀ“x’l‚Ì50%jA0.4 W/kg(ŒÀ“x’l‚Ì5”{)A‚»‚ê‚É2 W/kgiŒÀ“x’l‚Ì25”{j‚Æ‚¢‚¤”˜˜IðŒ‚Æ‚È‚éB
ƒŠƒ“ƒpŽî‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÌŠ„‡‚ðŽ¦‚·Œ‹‰Ê@ƒBEMSJ’F—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚ª‚È‚¢B„
Hepatocellular CarcinomaiŠÌ×–EŠàj‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‘å@ƒBEMSJ’F—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚ª‚È‚¢„
–“dŽ¥ŠEî•ñƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚É‚æ‚é•]‰¿
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5 February, 2003,
Mobile phones may trigger Alzheimer's
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̓Aƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢
Mobile phones damage key brain cells and could trigger the early onset of
Alzheimer's disease, a study suggests.
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Researchers in Sweden have found that radiation from mobile phone handsets
damages areas of the brain associated with learning memory and movement.
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This latest study was carried out by Professor Leif Salford and colleagues at
Lund University in Malmo.
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(—ª)
Professor Salford said that there was also a chance exposure to mobile phone
radiation could trigger Alzheimer's disease in some people.
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EMF Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚©‚ç
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Health Perspect
2003; 111 (7): 881-3
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FNerve cell damage in mammalian brain after
exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.
GSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚éšM“û—Þ‚Ì”]“à_Œo×–E‚Ì‘¹
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL et al;
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÌæsŒ¤‹†‚Å‚Ì’mŒ©iŽã‚¢ƒpƒ‹ƒXƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ªŒŒ‰t”]ŠÖ–å‚©‚ç‚̃Aƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“‚ÌŒ°’˜‚ȘRo‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚µ‚½j‚𓥂܂¦‚ÄAŒŒ‰t”]ŠÖ–å‚𓧉߂·‚é•a—Šw“I˜Ro‚ªƒjƒ…[ƒƒ“‚Ì‘¹‚ÆŒ‹‚т‚¢‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚𒲂ׂ½B
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‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚½ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚̔玿AŠC”nA‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘å”]Šî’êŠj‚É‚¨‚¯‚é_Œo‘¹‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA”ñí‚É—LˆÓ‚ȉe‹¿ip <0.002j‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½A‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Full text ‚ð“Ç‚Þ‚Æ
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http://www.healthdayjapan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2263:2010114&catid=20&Itemid=98
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ªƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚ð—\–hH(2010.1.14ŒfÚ)
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ŒfÚŽFJournal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 19,
no. 1, pp. 191-210, 2010
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FElectromagnetic Field Treatment Protects Against
and Reverses Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice
“dŽ¥”gƎ˂̓Aƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚̃lƒYƒ~‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”F’m‹@”\áŠQ‚ðD“]‚³‚¹A‚Ü‚½–hŒì‚·‚é
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFArendash, Gary W.‚ç
Abstract: ŠT—v
Despite numerous studies, there is no definitive evidence that high-frequency
electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is a risk to human health.
—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚É‚àS‚í‚炸A‚Žü”g‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ªƒqƒg‚ÌŒ’N‚ւ̃ŠƒXƒN‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚ÌŠm’è“I‚ÈØ‹’‚Í‚È‚¢B
To the contrary, this report presents the first evidence that long-term EMF
exposure directly associated with cell phone use (918 MHz; 0.25w/kg) provides
cognitive benefits.
‚±‚ê‚ɳ”½‘΂ÉA–{Œ¤‹†•ñ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽž‚Ì“dŽ¥”gi918MHz
0.25W/kg:@BEMSJ’@‚±‚Ì”’l‚̓lƒYƒ~‚ɑ΂·‚é‘Sg‹Ï“™”˜˜I’l‚Å‚ ‚éBICNIRP‚̈ê”ÊŒöO‚ɑ΂·‚锘˜IŒÀ“x’l‚Í0.08W/kg‚Å‚ ‚èA‚±‚Ì”˜˜IŠî€’l‚Ì–ñ3”{‚Ì”˜˜IðŒ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBj‚Ì’·Šú”˜˜I‚Í”F’m‹@”\‚ð‰ü‘P‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Ø‹’‚ð‰‚ß‚ÄŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Both cognitive-protective and cognitive-enhancing effects of EMF exposure were
discovered for both normal mice and transgenic mice destined to develop
Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment.
“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é”F’m‹@”\‚Ì–hŒì‚Æ”F’m”\—̘͂´i‚Ì—¼•û‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ðA•’ʂ̃lƒYƒ~‚ƃAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚Ì—l‚È”F’máŠQ‚𔶂µ‚â‚·‚‚È‚é‚悤‚Ɉâ“`Žq‘€ì‚ðs‚Á‚½ƒlƒYƒ~‚Ì—¼•û‚Å‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚ÅAŒ©o‚µ‚½B
The cognitive interference task utilized in this study was designed from, and
measure-for-measure analogous to, a human cognitive interference task.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å—p‚¢‚½”F’m”\—Í•]‰¿–@‚ÍA’è—Ê“I‚Ƀqƒg‚Ì”F’máŠQ‚Ì•]‰¿‚ׂ̈ɗp‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
In Alzheimer's disease mice, long-term EMF exposure reduced brain amyloid-ƒÀ (AƒÀ) deposition”pˆÊ
through AƒÀ anti-aggregationW‡
actions and increased brain temperature during exposure periods.
ƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚̃lƒYƒ~‚Ö‚Ì’·Šú“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÅAAƒÀRW‡‹@”\‚Æ“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IŽž‚Ì”]“à‰·“x㸂ŃAƒ~ƒƒCƒhƒÀ’`”’‚ÌiAƒÀj‚ÌŒ¸‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Several inter-related mechanisms of EMF action are proposed, including
increased AƒÀ clearance from the brains of Alzheimer's
disease mice, increased neuronal activity, and increased cerebral blood flow.
‚±‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‚¢‚‚‚©‚Ì‹@˜‚ª’ñˆÄ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éAƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚̃lƒYƒ~‚Ì”]‚©‚çAƒÀ”rœ‹@”\‚̘´iA_ŒoüˆÛŠˆ«‚̘´iA‘å”]‚ÌŒŒ—¬‚Ì‘‰Á“™‚Å‚ ‚éB
Although caution should be taken in extrapolating these mouse studies to
humans, we conclude that EMF exposure may represent a non-invasive,
non-pharmacologic therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease and an effective
memory-enhancing approach in general.
‚±‚̃lƒYƒ~‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚çƒqƒg‚Ö‚ÌŠO‘}‚É’ˆÓ‚𕥂í‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚ªA‰äX‚ÍA“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚Í”ñZ“§“I‚ÈAƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚ɑ΂·‚é”ñ–ò•¨Ž¡—ÓI‚ÈA”]‚Ì‹L‰¯‹@”\‚Ì‘i‚É—LŒø‚È•û–@‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
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ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍA‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÌŒ´’˜‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
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ŒfÚŽ: J Alzheimers Dis 2019;
71 (1): 57-82
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FA Clinical Trial of Transcranial Electromagnetic
Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: Cognitive Enhancement and Associated Changes
in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood, and Brain Imaging.
ƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŒo“ªŠW“dŽ¥Ž¡—Â̗հŽŽŒ±F”]Ò‘‰tAŒŒ‰tA‚¨‚æ‚Ñ”]‚̃Cƒ[ƒWƒ“ƒO‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”F’m‘‹‚¨‚æ‚ÑŠÖ˜A‚·‚é•Ï‰»
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFArendash G, Cao C, Abulaban H, Baranowski R, et al:
Abstract ŠT—v
Background: ”wŒi
Small aggregates (oligomers) of the toxic proteins amyloid-ƒÀ (AƒÀ) and phospho-tau (p-tau) are essential
contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
“Å«ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿ƒAƒ~ƒƒCƒhƒÀ(AƒÀ)‚¨‚æ‚уzƒXƒzƒ^ƒE(p-tau)‚̬‚³‚È‹ÃW‘Ì(ƒIƒŠƒSƒ}[)‚ÍAƒAƒ‹ƒcƒnƒCƒ}[•a(AD)‚É•s‰ÂŒ‡‚ÈvŒ£•¨‚Å‚ ‚éB
In mouse models for AD or human AD brain extracts, Transcranial Electromagnetic
Treatment (TEMT) disaggregates both AƒÀ and p-tau
oligomers, and induces brain mitochondrial enhancement.
AD‚Ü‚½‚̓qƒgAD”]’Šo•¨‚̃}ƒEƒXƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚ÍAŒo“ªŠW“dŽ¥Ž¡—Ã(TEMT)‚ÍAƒÀ‚Æp-tauƒIƒŠƒSƒ}[‚Ì—¼•û‚𕪉ð‚µA”]ƒ~ƒgƒRƒ“ƒhƒŠƒA‘‹‚ð—U“±‚·‚éB
These apparent "disease-modifying" actions of TEMT both prevent and
reverse memory impairment in AD transgenic mice.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì–¾‚ç‚©‚ÈuŽ¾Š³Cüvì—p‚ÍAADƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXƒWƒFƒjƒbƒNƒ}ƒEƒX‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‹L‰¯áŠQ‚Ì—\–h‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‹t‚Ì—¼•û‚ðs‚¤B
Objective: –Ú“I:
To evaluate the safety and initial clinical efficacy of TEMT against AD, a
comprehensive open-label clinical trial was performed.
AD‚ɑ΂·‚éTEMT‚̈À‘S«‚ƉŠú—Õ°—LŒø«‚ð•]‰¿‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA•ïŠ‡“I‚ȃI[ƒvƒ“ƒ‰ƒxƒ‹—Õ°ŽŽŒ±‚ªŽÀŽ{‚³‚ꂽB
Methods: •û–@
Eight mild/moderate AD patients were treated with TEMT in-home by their
caregivers for 2 months utilizing a unique head device.
8l‚ÌŒy“x/’†“™“x‚ÌADŠ³ŽÒ‚ÍA“Á•Ê»‚̃wƒbƒhƒfƒoƒCƒX‚ð—˜—p‚µ‚Ä2ƒ–ŒŽŠÔA‰îŒìŽÒ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄTEMT‚ÅAŽ©‘î‚ÅŽ¡—ÂðŽó‚¯‚½B
TEMT was given for two 1-hour periods each day, with subjects primarily
evaluated at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 2 weeks following treatment
completion.
TEMT‚Å–ˆ“ú1ŽžŠÔ‚ÌŽ¡—Âð2‰ñs‚¢AŽå‚Ƀx[ƒXƒ‰ƒCƒ“AŽ¡—ÃI—¹’¼ŒãA‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽ¡—Ê®—¹Œã2TŠÔ‚Ŕ팱ŽÒ‚Ì󋵂ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
Results: Œ‹‰Ê
No deleterious behavioral effects, discomfort, or physiologic changes resulted
from 2 months of TEMT, as well as no evidence of tumor or microhemorrhage
induction.
TEMT‚Ì2‚©ŒŽ‚ÌŽ¡—ÂłÍA—LŠQ‚Ès“®•Ï‰»A•s‰õŠ´A‚Ü‚½‚Ͷ—Šw“I•Ï‰»‚Ͷ‚¶‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Ù‚©AŽîᇂâ”÷¬oŒŒ—U“±‚ÌØ‹’‚à‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
TEMT induced clinically important and statistically significant improvements in
ADAS-cog, as well as in the Rey AVLT.
TEMT‚ÍAƒŒƒCAVLT‚É‚à‰Á‚¦‚ÄAADAS-cog‚Ì—Õ°“I‚Éd—v‚©‚“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚ȉü‘P‚ð—U”‚µ‚½B
TEMT also produced increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble AƒÀ1-40 and AƒÀ1-42, cognition-related changes
in CSF oligomeric AƒÀ, a decreased CSF p-tau/AƒÀ1-42 ratio, and reduced levels of oligomeric AƒÀ in plasma.
TEMT‚Í‚Ü‚½A‰Â—n«AƒÀ1-40‚¨‚æ‚ÑAƒÀ1-42‚Ì”]Ò‘‰t(CSF)ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì‘‰ÁACSFƒIƒŠƒSƒ}[AƒÀ‚Ì”F’mŠÖ˜A‚̕ω»ACSF
p-ƒ^ƒE/AƒÀ1-42”ä‚̒ቺA‚¨‚æ‚ÑŒŒŸ÷’†‚̃IƒŠƒSƒ}[AƒÀ‚ÌŒ¸ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚½B
Pre- versus post-treatment FDG-PET brain scans revealed stable cerebral glucose
utilization, with several subjects exhibiting enhanced glucose utilization.
Ž¡—ÑO‚ƌ㈗Œã‚ÌFDG-PET”]ƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚ÍAˆÀ’肵‚½”]ƒOƒ‹ƒR[ƒXŽg—p‚ðŽ¦‚µA‚¢‚‚‚©‚̔팱ŽÒ‚ł̓Oƒ‹ƒR[ƒX—˜—p‚Ì‘‹‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚½B
Evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy) scans in
individual subjects provided support for TEMT-induced increases in functional
connectivity within the cognitively-important cingulate cortex/cingulum.
ŒÂX‚̔팱ŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŠgŽUƒeƒ“ƒ\ƒ‹ƒCƒ[ƒWƒ“ƒO(•ª‰æˆÙ•û«)ƒXƒLƒƒƒ“‚Å•]‰¿‚ÍATEMT‚É‚æ‚é”F’m“I‚Éd—v‚È‘Ñó”玿/cingulum“à‚Ì‹@”\“IÚ‘±«‚Ì‘‰Á‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Conclusion: Œ‹˜_
TEMT administration to AD subjects appears to be safe, while providing
cognitive enhancement, changes to CSF/blood AD markers, and evidence of
stable/enhanced brain connectivity.
AD‚̔팱ŽÒ‚ɑ΂·‚éTEMTŽ¡—Â͈À‘S‚Å‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦A”F’m‹@”\‚Ì‹‰»ACSF/ŒŒ‰tADƒ}[ƒJ[‚̕ω»A‚¨‚æ‚Ñ”]Ú‘±«‚̈À’肵‚½/‹‰»‚³‚ꂽ؋’‚ð’ñ‹Ÿ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFOccupational and Environmental Medicine
2007;64:402-408
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ŒfÚŽFDifferentiation. 2002 May;70(2-3):120-9.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FNon-thermal activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK stress
pathway by mobile phone radiation in human endothelial cells: molecular
mechanism for cancer- and blood-brain barrier-related effects.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLeszczynski D, Joenväärä
S, Reivinen J, Kuokka R.
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ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetics
2000; 21 (3): 151-158
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLow-level exposure to pulsed 900 MHz microwave
radiation does not cause deficits in the performance of a spatial learning task
in mice.
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RD, Cobb BL
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ŒfÚŽ: BMC Cancer 2004; 4: 77
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FNo effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz
electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma
in female AKR/J mice
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ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetics
2011; 32 (6): 485-492
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLymphoma development of simultaneously combined
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‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç”ñ”MŒø‰Ê‚̉e‹¿‚Ì‚Ý‚ðŒµ–§‚ɂƂ邽‚ß‚É‚Í200WiŽãj‚ÅA”ñí‚É’Z‚¢ŽžŠÔi10•bˆÈ“à’ö“xj‚Ń}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ðÆŽË‚³‚¹‚Ä•W–{‚ð컂µA‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ðŠÏŽ@‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĉ”\‚É‚È‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
‘Oq‚µ‚½gƒvƒ‰ƒXƒ¿h‚È‚é‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‰äX‚Í‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅX‚É’Ç‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤‚ÆŠú‘Ò‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚QF1994”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†˜_•¶
ŒfÚŽFScience reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian
University,44(3),1233-1237 (1994-03-15)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEFFECTS OF MICROWAVES ON GERM CELLS OF YOUNG AND
OLD PUPAE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGŠO‘º‘׎q
into groups of 100 pupae each, and each group was exposed to micro waves for
five seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 90 seconds in a household
microwave range with output powers of 200 W and 500 W.
Še100•C‚ÉŒQ‚𕪂¯‚½B‚»‚ê‚»‚ê‚ð5•bŠÔE10•bŠÔE30•bŠÔE60•bŠÔE90•bŠÔA‰Æ’ë—p“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWio—Í200W,500Wj‚É“ü‚ê‚ÄAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ðÆŽË‚µ‚½B
ˆÈ‰ºAŽÀŒ±‚ÅŒ©‚‚¯‚½ƒVƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒoƒG‚̕ψق̗á‚ð‹Lq‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪AŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰Ê‚â‚»‚ÌlŽ@AŒ‹˜_‚Í‹Lq‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
Šw“à‚ÌŒ¤‹†‹I—v‚ÅAŒ¤‹†“à—e‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邾‚¯‚ÅAŠwp˜_•¶‚Ì‘Ì‚ð‚È‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚RD1995”N‚̘_•¶
ŒfÚŽFScience reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian
University,45(3),1305-1311 (1995-03-08)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹:RELATION BETWEEN PUFFS INDUCED IN SALIVARY GLAND
CHROMOSOMES OF THE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AND HEAT PRODUCED BY MICROWAVE
IRRADIATION
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFŠO‘º‘׎q
‰äX‚Ì1990”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA”MƒVƒ‡ƒbƒNŒø‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB
BEMSJ’Fã}‚É‚ ‚é‚悤‚ÉA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å5•bˆÈã‰Á”M‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA¶‘¶—¦‚ª’ቺ‚·‚éB‚킸‚©5•b‚̉Á”M‚Å‚àA4-6%‚ÍŽ€‚ñ‚Å‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚Ä‚éB
‚SD1996”N‚̘_•¶
ŒfÚŽFScience reports of Tokyo Woman's Christian
University,46(3),1393-1397 (1996-03-15)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FƒLƒCƒƒVƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒEƒpƒG‚Ì—‘•ê×–E‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”픘‚Æ‚‰·“xlH‹Cۊ툗‚É‚æ‚é•ÏˆÙŒ´«ŽŽŒ±
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚̶‘Ì‚É‚¨‚æ‚Ú‚·‰e‹¿‚ª—z«‚Å‚ ‚é‚©A‰A«‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚𖾂炩‚É‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA’˜ŽÒ‚Í‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å10—]”NŠÔAŽíX‚ÌŠp“x‚©‚猤‹†‚ð‚·‚·‚ß‚Ä‚«‚½B
1996”N‚É‚ÍAƒLƒCƒƒVƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒEƒpƒG‚Ì—‘•ê×–E‚ւ̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”픘Œã‚ÌX|õF‘Ì•s•ª—£‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—U”‚³‚ê‚é•ÏˆÙ‘̂ɂ‚¢‚Ă̘_•¶‚ð”•\‚µ‚½B‚»‚ÌŒã‚àAŒ‹‰Ê‚ð‚æ‚èŠmŽÀ‚É‚·‚邽‚ß‚É1997”N‚É‚Íãq‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚ðÄŽOŒJ‚è•Ô‚µŽ{s‚µ‚½‚Ì‚ÅA’ljÁŒ¤‹†‚Æ‚µ‚Ä•ñ‚·‚éB
(1) 5 •bŠÔÆŽËŒQAi2) 10 •bŠÔÆŽËŒQAi3) 15•bŠÔÆŽËŒQ‚Ì3ŒQ‚ÌŽÀŒ±ŒQ‚ð‚‚‚èAF1ƒpƒG‚Ì‘”Ao¶Ž“—Y‚̔䗦A•ÏˆÙ‘Ì”‚Í•\l‚É‹LÚ‚µ‚½BŽÀŒ±ŒQ(1j‚©‚ç‚ÍF1ƒoƒG26301ŒÂ‘Ì’†2ŒÂ‘ÌŽ“A1ŒÂ‘Ì—Y‚̕ψّ̂ª—U”‚³‚ꂽ‚ªi2j‚Æi3j‚ÌŽÀŒ±ŒQAF1ƒoƒG8646ŒÂ‘ÌA‚Ü‚½‚Í3295ŒÂ‘Ì‚Ì‚¢‚¸‚ê‚©‚ç‚à•ÏˆÙ‘Ì‚Ì—U”‚Í‚Ý‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ê‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‘ÎÆŒQ‚Å‚ÌFiƒoƒG17782ŒÂ‘Ì‚©‚ç3ŒÂ‘ÌŽ“‚Æ1ŒÂ‘Ì—Y‚̕ψّ̂ª‚Ý‚ç‚êAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”픘‚É‚æ‚é—‘×–E‚Ö‚Ì«õ‘Ì•s•ª—£—U”‚̉e‹¿‚Í‘O”N“x“¯—l‰A«‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ꂽiTable 1)B
(II) ‚‰·“x‚Ì lH‹CÛŠí“à‚ňê’莞ŠÔ•ú’uˆ—‚µ‚½Žž‚É‚¨‚¯‚鈗Ž“ƒpƒG—‘•ê×–E‚Ì«õF‘Ì•s•ª—£‚É‚æ‚éˆÙ”‘̃oƒG‚Ì—U”ŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰ÊA1) 37Ž 40•ªŠÔˆ—ŒQi‚±‚ÌðŒ‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”go—Í500W‚Å5•bŠÔÆŽËŒQ‚Ìꇂɋߎ—‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éj‚ÌF1ƒoƒG9285ŒÂ‘Ì’†A•ÏˆÙ‘Ì‚ÍlŒÂ‘Ì‚ÌŽ“‚Ì‚ÝA2) 41Ž25•ªŠÔˆ—ŒQiƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g 500W 10•bŠÔÆŽËŒQ‚ÌðŒ‚ɋߎ—j‚ÌF1ƒoƒG5528ŒÂ‘Ì’†2ŒÂ‘ÌŽ“‚Æ2ŒÂ‘Ì—YA3) 50Ž 15•ªŠÔˆ—ŒQiƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g500W
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ãq‚µ‚½iIj‚ÆiIIj‚ÌŽÀŒ±ŒQ‚É‚æ‚é—U”‚³‚ꂽ«õF‘Ì•s•ª—£‚É‚æ‚éƒnƒG‚̕ψّ̂ÌoŒ»•p“x‚ðŽÀŒ±ŒQ‚²‚Æ‚É•\2‚ÉŽ¦‚µ‚½‚ªAlH‹CÛŠí“à‚Ì‚‰·ˆ—‰º‚̃nƒG‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à—‘•ê×–E‚Ì«õF‘Ì•s•ª—£Œ»Û‚͉A«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½iTable 2jB
ˆÈã‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚ð‚Æ‚¨‚µ‚ÄA«õF‘Ì•s•ª—£Œ»Û‚Ì‚Ù‚©‚ÉAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚₉·lH‹Cۊ툗‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚É‹»–¡[‚¢ˆÙí‚ÈŒ»Û‚ªˆ—Œã‚ÌF1ƒpƒG‚É—U”‚³‚ꂽB
’˜ŽÒ‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽ–ŽÀ‚ð‚â‚Í‚è”MŒø‰Ê‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆlŽ@‚·‚éB
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‚»‚Ì1jHocking‚Ì1996”NŒ¤‹†
EMF Portal‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Med J Aust 1996; 165 (11-12): 601-605
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV
towers.
‚ª‚ñ”¶—¦‹y‚ÑŽ€–S—¦‚ÆTVƒ^ƒ[‚Ö‚Ì‹ßÚ“x
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF Hocking B, Gordon IR, Grain HL, Hatfield GE
y–Ú“IzTVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç‚ÌRF“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽlŒûW’c‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ª‚ñ‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÆŽ€–S—¦‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚𖾂炩‚É‚·‚邱‚ÆB
yŒ¤‹†ƒfƒUƒCƒ“z1956”N‚©‚çTVƒ^ƒ[‚ª‰Ò“‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒVƒhƒj[–k•”‚É‚¨‚¯‚鶑Ԋw“I’²¸‚Å‚ ‚éB
1972-1990”NŠÔ‚Ì‚ª‚ñ‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÆŽ€–S—¦‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä”äŠr‚µ‚½‚Ì‚Í9‚ÌsƒGƒŠƒA‚Ì‚¤‚¿A3‚‚ÌTVƒ^ƒ[‚ðˆÍ‚Þ“à•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚ÆA6‚‚̃^ƒ[‚©‚牓‚¢ŠO•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚ª‚ñ‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÆŽ€–S—¦A‚¨‚æ‚ÑTVƒ^ƒ[‚ÌŽü”g”A“d—ÍA‘—MŠúŠÔ‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê˜A–@•{’S“–“–‹Ç‚©‚ç“üŽè‚µ‚½B
ŠeƒGƒŠƒA‚Ì‚Žü”g•úŽË‚Ì“d—Í–§“xŒvŽZ’l‚̓^ƒ[‹ß‚‚Å8.0ƒÊW/cm2A”¼Œa4km‚Å0.2ƒÊW/cm2A12‚‹‚‚Å0.02ƒÊW/cm2‚¾‚Á‚½B
yŒ‹‰ÊzŠOŽü•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚É”äŠr‚µ‚½“àŽü•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”’ŒŒ•aA”]Žîᇔ¶—¦‚ÆŽ€–S—¦‚Ì—¦”ä‚ÍA‘S‚Ä‚Ì”N—î‚Å‚Ì”’ŒŒ•a”¶—¦”ä‚Å1.24(95“M—Š‹æŠÔ@1.09-1.40)A¬Ž™‚Ì”¶—¦”ä‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Í1.58i1.07-2.34jAŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2.32i1.35-4.01j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
¬Ž™ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•aiÅ‚àˆê”Ê“I‚ȃ^ƒCƒvj‚Ì”¶—¦”ä‚Í1.55i1.00-2.41j‚ÅAŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2.74i95“ CI
1.42-5.27j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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TVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç‚Ì–³üŽü”g•úŽË‚É”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽlŒûW’c‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚ª‚ñ”¶—¦‹y‚ÑŽ€–S—¦‚Ì‘‰Á‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ð”»’f‚·‚邽‚ßAƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚Ŷ‘ÔŠw“IŒ¤‹†‚ðŽÀŽ{‚µ‚½B
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TVƒ^ƒ[‚Ì‚·‚®ŽüˆÍ‚ÌŽO‚‚̎©Ž¡‘Ìi“à•”’nˆæj‚Ì‚ª‚ñ”¶—¦‹y‚Ñ‚ª‚ñŽ€–S—¦‚̃f[ƒ^‚ðA—×Ú‚·‚é˜Z‚‚̎©Ž¡‘ÌiŠO•”’nˆæj‚̃f[ƒ^‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚½B
”˜˜IW’c
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à–¾ |
ŽQÆW’c 1 |
ŠOŽü•”’nˆæFTVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç≥
4 km‚Ì‹——£‚ÌŽ©Ž¡‘ÌG“d—Í–§“xF< 0.2 µW/cm² |
W’c 2 |
“àŽü•”’nˆæFTVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç<
4 km‚Ì‹——£‚ÌŽ©Ž¡‘ÌG“d—Í–§“xF< 0.2 - 8.0 µW/cm² |
Œ‹˜_(’˜ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚é)
”]‚Ì‚ª‚ñ‚Ì”¶—¦‹y‚ÑŽ€–S—¦‚Í㸂µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‘S‚Ä‚Ì”N—îiRR 1.24ACI 1.09-1.40j‹y‚ÑŽq‚Ç‚àiRR 1.58ACI 1.07-2.34j‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì”¶—¦‚Ì㸂ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽB
¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚Í㸂µ‚½iRR 2.32ACI
1.35-4.01jB
TVƒ^ƒ[‚Ö‚ÌZ‹‚Ì‹ßÚ“x‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì”¶—¦‹y‚ÑŽ€–S—¦‚Ì㸂Ƃ̊֘A‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽB
–––––––––––––––––––
ˆÈ‰º‚ÍŒ´’˜˜_•¶‚æ‚蔲ˆ
Figure
1: Municipalities in northern Sydney and the TV towers (numbered 1, 2 and 3).
Lane Cove, Willoughby and North Sydney form the inner area, and Ryde, Kuring-gai, Warringah, Manly, Mosman and Hunters Hill the outer area, of the study. A
radius of 4 km from the center of the towers is shown for reference only.
ƒeƒŒƒr“ƒ‚̈ʒu‚Í1.2.3‚ÅŽ¦‚·B
BOX
5 - Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer incidence and
mortality in childhood (0- 14 years) in the inner area compared with the outer
area, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar period
‚»‚Ì2jMackenzie‚É‚æ‚éÄŒŸ“¢‚ÌŒ¤‹†1998”N
EMF Portal‚Ìî•ñ
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Aust N Z J Public Health 1998; 22 (3) Suppl:
360-367
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FChildhood incidence of acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and exposure to broadcast radiation in Sydney - a second look.
ƒVƒhƒj[‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽq‚Ç‚à‚Ì‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp‰è‹…«”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì”¶—¦‚Æ•ú‘—“d”g‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I]ÄŒŸ“¢
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: McKenzie DR, Yin Y, Morrell S
y–Ú“I‚Æ•û–@zƒzƒbƒLƒ“ƒO‚ç‚̘_•¶(1996)‚ªŽ¦´‚µ‚½TVƒ^ƒ[‚É‹ß‚¢’nˆæ‚ł̬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a”¶—¦ã¸‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÌÄŒŸ“¢‚ð‰Á‚¦‚½˜_•¶‚Å‚ ‚éB
9‚‚̒n•ûsƒGƒŠƒA(LGA)–ˆ‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÆTVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç‚ÌRF“dŽ¥ŠE‹“xiRFRj‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ɂ‚¢‚ă|ƒAƒ\ƒ“‰ñ‹AƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä’²‚ׂ½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA“à•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚Ì3’n•ûsƒGƒŠƒA(LGA)‚Ì‚¤‚¿ƒŒ[ƒ“EƒR[ƒ”‚̃f[ƒ^‚Ì‚Ý‚ªˆÙŽ¿«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚ăŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÉŠñ—^‚µA“¯—l‚È”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚鑼‚ÌLGA‚ł̓ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚±‚ê‚ð•ªÍ‚©‚眊O‚·‚ê‚ÎATVƒ^ƒ[‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ÍÁŽ¸‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽw“E‚µ‚½B
yŒ‹˜_z¬Ž™‚Ì‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp‰è‹…«”’ŒŒ•a(ALL)‚ÆTVƒ^ƒ[‚©‚ç‚ÌRF“dŽ¥ŠE‹“xiRFRj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•ñ‚³‚ꂽŒ©‚©‚¯ã‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ÍALGAƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚Ì•ªÍ‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊAŽã‚‚Ȃ邱‚Æ‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ꂽB
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‚»‚Ì3jHocking‚É‚æ‚锽˜_1999”N
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–––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Aust N Z J Public Health 1999; 23 (1): 104-105
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FChildhood leukemia and TV towers revisited.
Œ©’¼‚µ‚³‚ꂽu¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆTVƒ^ƒ[v
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHocking B, Gordon I, Hatfield GE
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‚»‚Ì4jMakenzie‚É‚æ‚锽˜_@2000”N
EMF Portal‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Aust N Z J Public Health 1999; 23 (5): 553-555
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FChildhood leukemia and TV towers: the debate
continues.
¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÆTVƒ^ƒ[vF˜_‘ˆ‘±‚
Œ¤‹†ŽÒF McKenzie DR, Morrell S
ƒŒ[ƒ“EƒR[ƒ”‚ª“ÁˆÙ“I‚É‚‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ÌŒŸ’è‚ðŽŽ‚Ý‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊAƒŒ[ƒ“EƒR[ƒ”‚Æ“¯’ö“x‚Ì”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½“à•”ƒGƒŠƒA‚Ì‘¼‚ÌLGA‚Å‚ÍA”’ŒŒ•aƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŽ¦‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßATVƒ^ƒ[‰¼à‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚é‚Ì‚Í¢“ï‚Å‚ ‚éB
ƒzƒbƒLƒ“ƒO‚炪AŒ©‚¹‚©‚¯‚Ì•sˆÀ‚ð•ø‚©‚¹‚é‚悤‚ÈŒ‹‰Ê‚ðŒö•\‚µ‚½‚Ì‚Í–â‘肪‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚»‚Ì5jHocking‚Ì2002”NŒ¤‹†
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFBEMS2002”N‘‰ï—\eW
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FP-59@DECREASED SURVIVAL
FOR CHILDHOOD LEUKAEMIA PROXIMITY TO TV TOWERS.
ƒeƒŒƒr•ú‘—“ƒ‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚½¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•aŠ³ŽÒ‚ÌŽ€–S—¦‚̒ቺ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFB. Hocking, I. Gordon.
Camberwell, Vic, Australia 3124. 2Statistical Consulting Centre, University of
Melbourne Parkville Vic Australia 3052.
OBJECTIVE: In a previous study we reported an
increased risk of childhood leukemia in municipalities proximate to TV towers in north Sydney compared with more distant ones (Hocking B,
Gordon I, Hatfield G, Grain H, Cancer incidence and proximity to TV towers Med
J Aust 1996; 165: 601-605).
‰äX‚͈ȑO‚ÉA–kƒVƒhƒj[’n‹æ‚̃eƒŒƒr‘—M“ƒ‚É‹ßÚ‚·‚é’¬‚ÍA‚æ‚è—£‚ꂽ’¬‚É”ä‚ׂÄA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‰Á‚·‚é‚ÆA•ñ‚µ‚½i1996”N‚̘_•¶jB
The rate ratio for incidence, comparing the inner ring of municipalities to the
outer ring, was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.00 –
2.41) and for mortality the rate ratio was 2.74 (95% confidence interval 1.42 – 5.27).
•ú‘—“ƒ‚ð’†S‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“à‘¤‚É‚ ‚é’¬‚Å‚ÍAŠOŽü‚É‚ ‚é’¬‚É”ä‚ׂÄAœëŠ³—¦”ä‚Í1.55i95%M—Š‹æŠÔ7F1.00-2.41j‚Å‚ ‚èAŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2.74i95%M—Š‹æŠÔF1.42-5.27j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The objective of the current study was to analyze the survival experience of
the cases in detail, to determine whether there are differences between the two
populations
–{Œ¤‹†‚Ì–Ú“I‚ÍAÇ—á‚̶‘¶—¦‚ðÚׂɉðÍ‚µA“ñ‚‚ÌW’cŠÔ‚É·ˆÙ‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚ðŒ©‹É‚ß‚é‚±‚Æ‚É‚ ‚éB
METHODS: •û–@
Survival data on cases diagnosed from 1972-93 were analyzed.
1972”N‚©‚ç1993”NŠÔ‚Éf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚̶‘¶—¦‚ð‰ðÍ‚µ‚½B
Data on all cases who survived for less than one month were verified by the NSW
cancer registry and one case diagnosed at autopsy excluded. Data were described
by Kaplan-Meier curves.
‚È‚‚Æ‚à1‚©ŒŽˆÈã‚̶‘¶ŠúŠÔ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚·‚ׂĂÌÇ—á‚ðNSWB‚̃Kƒ““o˜^ƒf[ƒ^‚ÅŠm”F‚µ‚½B
ƒf[ƒ^‚ÍKaplan-Meier‹Èü‚ÅŽ¦‚³‚ꂽB
RESULTS:
There were 123 diagnosed cases of acute lymphatic leukemia (ICD-9 204.0) of
which 29 (16 deaths) were in the inner ring of municipalities and 94 (34
deaths) were in the outer ring.
‹}«”’ŒŒ•a‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ123‚ÌÇ—á‚ÍA“àŽü•”‚ÉZ‚ÞÇ—á‚Í29iŽ€–S16j‚ÅAŠOŽü•”‚ÉZ‚ÞÇ—á‚Í94iŽ€–S34j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
We found a significant difference in survival (log rank: P = 0.03; Wilcoxon: P
= 0.05).
¶‘¶—¦‚É—LˆÓ‚È·ˆÙ‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚É‹C‚¢‚½B
The 5-year survival in the inner ring of municipalities was 55% and in the
outer ring 71% (inner 23% worse); at 10 years the survival was 33% and 62%
respectively (inner 47% worse).
5”N¶‘¶—¦‚Í“àŽü•”‚Å55%AŠOŽü•”‚Å71“i“àŽü•”23%—ò‰»jA10”N¶‘¶—¦‚Í“àŽü•”33%AŠOŽü•”62%i“àŽü•”‚Í47%—ò‰»j‚Å‚ ‚éB
After adjustment for the potential confounders using Coxfs model, the mortality rate ratio comparing the inner ring with the
outer ring was found to be 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.1 – 4.0).
Coxƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ð—p‚¢‚½Œð—ˆöŽq‚ð’²®Œã‚ÌŠOŽü•”‚É”ä‚ׂ½“àŽü•”‚ÌŽ€–S—¦”ä‚Í2.1i95“M—Š‹æŠÔF1.1-4.0j‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
We were not able to control for cytogenetic abnormalities.
‰äX‚ÍA¶—Šw“I‚ȈÙí‚ð”rœ‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
CONCLUSION: Œ‹˜_
There was an association between proximity to the TV towers and decreased
survival, among cases of childhood leukemia.
¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•a‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAƒeƒŒƒr•ú‘—“ƒ‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚½¶Šˆ‚ƶ‘¶—¦‚̒ቺ‚ÍŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
ƒ‚±‚ÌŠÖ˜AŒ¤‹†‚ÍŒã“úAЉ‚Ü‚·B„
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚O-‚S-‚P‚U
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http://www.mynewsjapan.com/reports/2508@
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ƒP[ƒ^ƒCEƒXƒ}ƒzŽg—p‚âŠî’n‹Ç‹ß‚‚ÌŠwZ’Ê‚¢‚ÅAŽq‚Ç‚à‚Ì”F’m‹@”\ˆ«‰»‚ÌŒ¤‹†‘‰ÁF2020”N‚TGƒXƒ^[ƒg‚Å“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IƒŠƒXƒN‹}‘‚Ö
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ŒfÚŽ: Am J Mens Health 2019; 13 (1)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile Phone Base Station Tower Settings Adjacent
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2004; 23 (1): 29-43
Effect of GSM 900 MHz mobile phone radiation on the reproductive capacity of
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‚±‚ÌðŒ‚ð“ú–{‚Ì“d”g–hŒìŽwj’l‚É’Pƒ”äŠr‚µ‚½‚Æ‚·‚é‚Æ‚·‚ê‚Îi–hŒìŽwj‚Æ”äŠr‚·‚éê‡AŒµ–§‚É‚Í‚±‚Ì•û–@‚ͳ‚µ‚‚È‚¢B‘ª’è‚Í‹ÇŠ“I‚Èꊂ̑ª’è‚Å‚ ‚éB–hŒìŽwj‚Í‘Sg‹Ïˆê”˜˜I‚ð‘z’肵‚Ä‚¢‚éjA“d”g–hŒìŽwj‚Å‚Í“d—Í–§“x‚Í0.6mW/cm2A“dŠE‹“x‚Í47.55V/m‚Å‚ ‚èAŽwj’l‚Í’´‚¦‚È‚¢‚ªA“d—Í–§“x‚Å‚Í72.7%A“dŠE‹“x‚Å‚Í78.3%‚Æ‚È‚èA‚©‚È‚è‚Ì‚‚¢”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚éB
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Žü”g”‚Í900MHzAo—Í‚Í2WAƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚ÌŽüˆÍ‚ɂ͉½‚à‚È‚¢—‘z“I‚È‹óŠÔ‚Ɖ¼’èAƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Í’¼Œa1mmA’·‚³‚Í10.9cm‚̃‚ƒmƒ|[ƒ‹ƒAƒ“ƒeƒiiŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÉŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒ^ƒCƒvj‚Æ‚µ‚½B
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‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚O|‚T|‚P‚R
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ŒfÚŽ: Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2007; 626 (1-2): 69-78
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCell death induced by GSM 900-MHz and DCS 1800-MHz
mobile telephony radiation.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚ÌGSM 900MHz‚ÆDCS 1800MHz‚Ì•úŽË‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ĉø‚«‹N‚±‚³‚ꂽזEŽ€
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula
ED, Nezis IP, Margaritis LH
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‚±‚Ì”˜˜IðŒ‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŽÒ‚ª”˜˜I‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éðŒ‚Æ“¯—l‚Å‚ ‚èA‰äX‚̉ߋŽ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Æ“¯‚¶ðŒ‚Æ‚µ‚½[D.J.PanagopoulosAA.KarabarbounisAL.H.MargaritisAƒLƒCƒƒVƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒEƒoƒG‚̶B”\—͂ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌGSM900-MHz•úŽË‚̉e‹¿AElectromagn.Biol.Med.23(1)(2004)29-43“™]B
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ŒfÚŽ: Gen Physiol Biophys 2019; 38 (5): 445-454
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FChromosome damage in human cells induced by UMTS
mobile telephony radiation.
UMTSŒg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚É‚æ‚éƒqƒg×–E‚É‚¨‚¯‚éõF‘Ì‘¹
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Panagopoulos DJ
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ŒfÚŽFArchives of Environmental Health January/February
2002 [Vol. 57 (No. 1)]
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMelanoma Incidence and Frequency Modulation (FM)
Broadcasting
•FŽî‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÆŽü”g”•Ï’²iFMj•ú‘—
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFÖRJAN HALLBERGAOLLE
JOHANSSON
ABSTRACT. ŠT—v
The incidence of melanoma has been increasing steadily in many countries since
1960, but the underlying mechanism causing this increase remains elusive.
•FŽî‚Ì”¶—¦‚ÍA1960”NˆÈ—ˆA‘½‚‚Ì‘‚Å’…ŽÀ‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
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The incidence of melanoma has been linked to the distance to frequency modulation
(FM) broadcasting towers.
•FŽî‚ÍAŽü”g”•Ï’² (FM) •ú‘—“ƒ‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹——£‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚½B
In the current study, the authors sought to determine if there was also a
related link on@a larger scale for entire countries.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA’˜ŽÒ‚ÍA‘‘S‘Ì‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚æ‚è‘å‚«‚È‹K–Í‚ÅAŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ð”»’f‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
Exposure–time-specific incidence was extracted from
exposure and incidence data from 4 different countries, and this was compared
with reported age-specific incidence of melanoma.
4‚‚̈قȂ鑂©‚ç‚Ì”˜˜I‚¨‚æ‚Ñ”¶—¦ƒf[ƒ^‚©‚ç’Šo‚³‚ꂽ–\˜I-ŽžŠÔ“ÁˆÙ“I‚È”¶—¦‚ÍAŠù’m‚Ì•FŽî‚Ì”N—î“ÁˆÙ“I‚È”¶—¦‚Æ”äŠr‚³‚ꂽB
Geographic differences in melanoma incidence were compared with the magnitude
of this environmental stress.
•FŽî”¶—¦‚Ì’n—“I·ˆÙ‚ÍA‚±‚̊‹«ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì‘å‚«‚³‚Æ”äŠr‚³‚ꂽB
The exposure–time-specific@incidence
from all 4 countries became almost identical, and they were approximately equal@to the reported age-specific incidence of melanoma.
4ƒJ‘‚Ì”˜˜I-ŽžŠÔŒÅ—L”¶—¦‚Í‚Ù‚Ú“¯‚¶‚É‚È‚èAŠù’m‚Ì•“÷Žî‚Ì”N—îŠK‹‰•Ê”¶—¦‚Æ‚Ù‚Ú“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
A correlation between melanoma incidence@and the number
of locally receivable FM transmitters was found.
•FŽî”¶—¦‚ÆA’nˆæ‚ÅŽóM‚ª‰Â”\‚ÈFM‘—M“ƒ‚Ì”‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ªŒ©‚‚©‚è‚Ü‚µ‚½B
The authors concluded@that melanoma is associated with
exposure to FM broadcasting.
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ŒfÚŽ: BMJ 2010; 340: c3077
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone base stations and early childhood
cancers: case-control study.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚Æ‘Šú¬Ž™‚ª‚ñFÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
’˜ŽÒ: Elliott P, Toledano MB, Bennett J, Beale L, de Hoogh K, Best N, Briggs DJ
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: BMJ 2010; 340: c3015
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹Fcomment Childhood cancer and proximity to mobile
phone masts.
˜_àF¬Ž™‚ª‚ñ‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜bƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Ö‚ÌÚ‹ß“x
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Bithell JF
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ƒRƒƒ“ƒg‚ª‚‚¯‚ç‚ꂽ˜_•¶ •Elliott P et al. (2010): [Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚Æ‘Šú¬Ž™‚ª‚ñFÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†]
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ŒfÚŽ: Occup Med (Lond) 1998;
48 (6): 357-360
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FPreliminary report: symptoms associated with
mobile phone use.
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Œ¤‹†˜_•¶FComparison of symptoms experienced by user of
analogue and digital mobile phones: a Swedish-Norwegian epidemiological study@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFK. Hansen-Mild et al
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http://nile.lub.lu.se/arbarch/arb/1998/arb1998_23.pdf
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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1.94 |
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2.83 |
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10.7 |
30.3 |
2.63 |
9.00 |
21.9 |
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–––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Occup Med (Lond) 2001;
51 (1): 25-35
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone use and subjective symptoms.
Comparison of symptoms experienced by users of analogue and digital mobile
phones.
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Sandström M, Wilen J, Oftedal G, Hansson Mild K
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EErogul O et alA2006A
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ŒfÚŽ: Arch Med Res 2006; 37 (7): 840-843
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of electromagnetic radiation from a
cellular phone on human sperm motility: an in vitro study.
ƒqƒg¸⼦‚ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚̉e‹¿︓In
vitroŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T et al;
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA900MHz‚ÌGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥•úŽËiEMRj‚ª¸‰tƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚̸⼦•iŽ¿‚É—^‚¦‚é‰e‹¿‚𒲂ׂ½B
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–Abstract‚ð‰¼–ó‚·‚éB
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ŠT—vF
BACKGROUND: There has been growing public concern on the effects of
electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by cellular phones on human health.
Many studies have recently been published on this topic. However, possible
consequences of the cellular phone usage on human sperm parameters have not
been investigated adequately.
”wŒiFŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒöO‚ÌŠÖS‚Í‚‚Ü‚Á‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚±‚ÌŒ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚ªŠ§s‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚µ‚©‚µAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É“dŽ¥”g‚É‚æ‚鸎q‚ÌŠˆ“®“x‚È‚Ç‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰e‹¿“x‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í\•ª‚És‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
METHODS: A total number of 27 males were enrolled in the study. The semen
sample obtained from each participant was divided equally into two parts. One
of the specimens was exposed to EMR emitted by an activated 900 MHz cellular
phone, whereas the other was not. The concentration and motility of the
specimens were compared to analyze the effects of EMR. Assessment of sperm
movement in all specimens was performed using four criteria: (A) rapid
progressive, (B) slow progressive, (C) nonprogressive, (D) no motility.
•û–@F‡Œv‚Å27–¼‚Ì’j«‚ª‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÉŽQ‰Á‚µ‚½BŠel‚©‚ç’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ¸‰t‚Í2“™•ª‚³‚ꂽB•Ð•û‚É‚Í900MHzŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ðÆŽË‚µA•Ð•û‚É‚ÍÆŽË‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
“dŽ¥ŠE‚̉e‹¿‚͸Žq‚Ì”Z“x‚Ɖ“®«‚Å”äŠr‚µ‚½B‰Â“®«‚Ì•]‰¿‚Í4’iŠK•]‰¿‚Æ‚µA‚`j‚·‚΂₢‹@•q«@‚aj’x‚¢‹@•q«@‚bj‹@•q‚³‚ª‚È‚¢@‚cj‰Â“®«‚ª–³‚¢B@
RESULTS: Statistically significant changes were observed in the rapid
progressive, slow progressive and no-motility categories of sperm movement. EMR
exposure caused a subtle decrease in the rapid progressive and slow progressive sperm
movement. It also caused an increase in the no-motility category of sperm
movement. There was no statistically significant difference in the sperm
concentration between two groups.
Œ‹‰ÊF“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚È·ˆÙ‚Í‚·‚΂₢‹@•q«A’x‚¢‹@•q«A‰Â“®««‚ª‚È‚¢‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚ÅŠÏŽ@‚³‚ꂽB“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Å‚Í‚·‚΂₢‹@•q«‚Æ’x‚¢‹@•q«‚É”÷–‚È’ö“x‚ÌŒ¸‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÍA‰Â“®«‚ª‚È‚¢‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Å‚Í‘‰Á‚µ‚½Bƒ‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i’F‚±‚Ì2‚‚̕¶Í‚Í¡ˆê‚ÂA‚·‚Á‚«‚肵‚È‚¢B‚µ‚©‚µAFull text‚ÅŽÀŒ±ƒf[ƒ^‚ðŒ©‚é‚ÆAu”÷–‚È’ö“x‚ÌŒ¸‚Å‚ ‚邪A“Œv“I‚É‚Í—LˆÓ‚ÈŒ¸‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽv‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚ɉðŽß‚·‚ê‚ÎA‚æ‚¢‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B„
¸Žq‚Ì”Z“x‚Å‚Í—¼ŒQ‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that EMR emitted by cellular phone influences
human sperm motility. In addition to these acute adverse effects of EMR on
sperm motility, long-term EMR exposure may lead to behavioral or structural
changes of the male germ cell. These effects may be observed later in life, and
they are to be investigated more seriously
Œ‹˜_F‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚©‚çŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É“dŽ¥”g‚͸Žq‚̉^“®«‚ɉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚éB‚±‚Ì‹}«‰e‹¿‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄA’·Šú‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚͸Žq‚̉^“®«‚⸎q‚Ì\‘¢‚ɕω»‚ð—^‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚é‚©‚à’m‚ê‚È‚¢B‚±‚ê‚ç‚̉e‹¿‚Íl¶‚̌㔼‚ÅŒ»‚ê‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ꂸA‚³‚ç‚ÉŒµŠi‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚Í•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–Full Text‚ð“Ç‚Þ‚Æ
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Imai N, Kawabe M, Hikage T, Nojima T, Takahashi S, Shirai T. Effects on rat
testis of 1.95-GHz W-CDMA for IMT-2000 cellular phones. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2011 Aug;57(4):204-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204746@
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ƒZƒbƒVƒ‡ƒ“ID: P-011
DOI https://doi.org/10.14869/toxp.35.0.123.0
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‚Rj2011”N‚ɉp•¶‚Å”•\‚³‚ꂽŒ¤‹†‚ÌÚ×
ŒfÚŽFSyst Biol Reprod Med. 2011 Aug;57(4):204-9.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects on rat testis of 1.95-GHz W-CDMA for
IMT-2000 cellular phones.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFImai N, Kawabe M, Hikage
T, Nojima T, Takahashi S, Shirai T.
˜_•¶‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚éŽÀŒ±ó‹µ‚Ì}‚ð“]Ú‚·‚éB
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ŒfÚŽ: Int J Androl 2007; 30
(2): 115-122
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FUse of cellular and cordless telephones and risk
of testicular cancer.
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Hardell L, Carlberg M, Ohlson CG, Westberg H, Eriksson M, Hansson
Mild K
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De Iuliis et al. 2009
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ŒfÚŽ: PLoS One 2009; 4 (7):
e6446
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen
species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚Íin vitro‚Ńqƒg¸Žq×–E‚ÉŠˆ«Ž_‘fŽíŽY¶‹y‚ÑDNA‘¹‚ð—U“±‚·‚é
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ,
King BV, Aitken RJ
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https://www.arib-emf.org/03report/report2013-1.html
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‰ß‹Ž‚ÉW-CDMA—ÞŽ—‚̃VƒXƒeƒ€‚ð—p‚¢‚½“¯—l‚ÌŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚Í‚È‚AW-CDMAƒVƒXƒeƒ€—ÞŽ—‚Ì“d”g‚͸Žq‚É—LˆÓ‚ȉe‹¿‚ð—^‚¦‚Ü‚¹‚ñ‚Å‚µ‚½B
–{Œ¤‹†‚©‚ç”h¶‚µ‚½˜_•¶
Nakatani-Enomoto S, Okutsu M, Suzuki S, Suganuma R, Groiss
SJ, Kadowaki S, Enomoto H, Fujimori K, Ugawa Y.
Effects of 1950 MHz W-CDMA-like signal on human
spermatozoa. Bioelectromagnetics. 2016
Sep;37(6):373-81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27288295/@
––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ÍA”˜˜IðŒA”˜˜I—Ê‚ª”»‚ç‚È‚¢B
‚QjEMF@Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†‚ÌŠT—v
––––––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetics
2016; 37 (6): 373-381
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of 1950 MHz W-CDMA-like signal on human
spermatozoa.
ƒqƒg¸Žq‚ɑ΂·‚é1950 MHz‚ÌW-CDMA—lM†‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Nakatani-Enomoto S, Okutsu M, Suzuki S,
Suganuma, Ugawa
Y et al;
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA‰·“x§Œä‰º‚Å‚Ì1950 MHz‚ÌW-CDMA—l“dŽ¥M†iSAR‚Í2.0‚Ü‚½‚Í6.0W/kgj‚Ì1ŽžŠÔ”˜˜I‚ªƒqƒg¸Žq‚É—^‚¦‚é‰e‹¿i¸Žq‚̉^“®‚¨‚æ‚Ñ“®—ÍŠw“I•Ï”j‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄAƒRƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^Žx‰‡¸Žq•ªÍ‘•’u‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä’²‚ׂ½B
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https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Mogumogunews_13083/
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‚QjEMF@Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†ŠT—v
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ŒfÚŽ: Reprod Biomed Online
2015; 31 (3): 421-426
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FHabits of cell phone usage and sperm quality -
does it warrant attention?
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Zilberlicht A, Wiener-Megnazi Z, Sheinfeld Y, et al;
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‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA 1ŽžŠÔ^“úˆÈã‚̒ʘb‚¨‚æ‚Ñ[“d’†‚̒ʘb‚ð•ñ‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Å‚ÍA¸Žq”Z“xˆÙí‚Ì”¶—¦‚Ì‚‚³‚Æ‚Ì—LˆÓ‚ÈŠÖ˜A‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽA‚Ü‚½A•ÛŽ’†‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̈ʒu‚ª‘lŒa•”‚©‚ç50cmˆÈ“à‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚½ŒQ‚Å‚ÍA—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ª¸Žq”Z“xˆÙí‚Ì”¶—¦‚Ì‚‚³‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽA‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Table 3 Lifestyle and cell phone
usage in relation to sperm concentration.
Characteristic |
Categories |
Sperm
concentration |
P-value |
|
Abnormal n =
34 |
Normal n =
45 |
|||
n (%) |
n (%) |
|||
Smoking |
Never Ever
(current/past) |
13 (31.0) 21 (56.8) |
29 (69.0) 16 (43.2) |
0.021 |
Total daily talking time |
>1 h ≤1 h |
14 (60.9) 20 (35.7) |
9 (39.1) 36 (64.3) |
0.040 |
Talk
while charging the device |
No Yes |
21 (35.6) 12 (66.7) |
38 (64.4) 6 (33.3) |
0.020 |
Distance from groin when not in use |
≤50 cm >50 cm |
33 (47.1) 1 (11.1) |
37 (52.9) 8 (88.9) |
NS |
NS = not statistically significant.
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Keep That Phone Out of Your Trouser Pocket!
Once Again, Australiafs Aitken Sees DNA Damage
‚ ‚È‚½‚̃Yƒ{ƒ“‚̃|ƒPƒbƒg‚©‚ç‚»‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚𗣂¹!
ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚ÌAitken‚ÍDNA‘¹‚ðÄ“xŒŸo‚µ‚½B
August 16cIt's the strongest warning yet. John Aitken, a well-known fertility
researcher, is advising men who want to have children not to keep active mobile
phones below their waists. This issue, he says, "deserves our immediate
attention."
8ŒŽ16“úA‚»‚ê‚Í‚¢‚Ü‚Ì‚Æ‚±‚ëuÅ‚à‹‚¢Œxv‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚Å‚·B—L–¼‚È•s”DŽ¡—ÃŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚̃Wƒ‡ƒ“EƒGƒCƒgƒPƒ“‚ÍAŽq‹Ÿ‚ðŽ‚¿‚½‚¢’j«‚ÉA“dŒ¹‚Ì“ü‚Á‚½Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ð˜‚̉º‚É’u‚©‚È‚¢‚悤‚ɃAƒhƒoƒCƒX‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
‚±‚Ì–â‘è‚ÍAu‰äX‚ª‘¦À‚É’ˆÓ‚·‚ׂ«’l‚ª‚ ‚év‚Ɣނ͌¾‚¤B
Aitken's research group at the University of Newcastle in Australia has found
that human sperm exposed to mobile phone radiation (1.8 GHz) for 16 hours had
reduced vitality and motility, two key indices of fertility.
ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚̃jƒ…[ƒJƒbƒXƒ‹‘åŠw‚̃GƒCƒgƒPƒ“‚ç‚ÌŒ¤‹†ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚ÍA16ŽžŠÔŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥”g(1.8 GHz)‚É”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽlŠÔ‚̸Žq‚ªA‚»‚ÌŠˆ—͂Ɖ^“®«‚ð’ቺ‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
Notably, he has also confirmed his own previous study, published in 2005,
which showed that RF radiation could lead to DNA damage. In that earlier
experiment, he had exposed mice to 900 MHz signals and then looked at the
animals' sperm, in contrast to the new study in which he exposed semen
collected from human volunteers.
’–Ú‚·‚ׂ«‚ÍA2005”N‚É”•\‚³‚ꂽu‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ªDNA‘¹‚ɂ‚Ȃª‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½”ނ̈ȑO‚ÌŒ¤‹†v‚ðÄŠm”F‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚»‚̈ȑO‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ÍAƒ}ƒEƒX‚ð900MHz‚ÌM†‚É”˜˜I‚µA“®•¨‚̸Žq‚ÅŒ©o‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA‘ÎÆ“I‚ÉA¡‰ñ‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍlŠÔ‚̃{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒA‚©‚ç̎悵‚½¸‰t‚𔘘I‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
The new data show striking dose responses for all three effects over a wide
range of SARs —above 0.4 W/Kg and up to 27.5 W/Kg. The
changes in motility and vitality became statistically significant at 1 W/Kg and
the DNA damage at 2.8 W/Kg. In all cases, the statistical reliability of the
effects became much more significant with higher SARs. These new results appear
in a paper published on July 31 in
PLoS ONE, a Web-based, peer-reviewed
journal.
V‚µ‚¢ƒf[ƒ^‚Å‚ÍA0.4W/KgˆÈãAÅ‘å27.5W/Kg‚Ì•L‚¢SAR‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ÄA3‚‚̌ø‰Ê‚·‚ׂĂɑ΂µ‚ÄŒ°’˜‚ȗʉž“šŠÖŒW‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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‚¢‚¸‚ê‚ÌꇂàA‚æ‚è‚‚¢SAR”˜˜I‚Å‚ÍŒø‰Ê‚Ì“Œv“IM—Š«‚Í‚‚Ü‚Á‚½B‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌV‚µ‚¢Œ¤‹†‚ÍA7ŒŽ31“ú‚ÉWebƒx[ƒX‚̸“Ç•t‚«ƒWƒƒ[ƒiƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚éPLoS ONE‚ɘ_•¶‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒfÚ‚³‚ê‚éB
‚QjŒ´‘‚ðŒ©‚éB2005”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†
ŒfÚŽ: Int J Androl 2005; 28
(3): 171-179
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FImpact of radio frequency electromagnetic
radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline.
’j«¶B×–EŒn—ñ‚ÌDNAŠ®‘S«‚ɑ΂·‚é–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King
BV
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA900MHz–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚É”˜˜I‚³‚¹‚½ƒ}ƒEƒX‚̸‘ƒã‘Ì”ö•”‚©‚ç̎悵‚½¸Žq‚ÌDNA‘¹‚𒲂ׂ½B”˜˜I‚Í“±”gŠÇ“à‚ÅASAR–ñ90mW/kg‚ÉA1“ú12ŽžŠÔA7“úŠÔs‚Á‚½B
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EŽ”ˆç” ‚ª’u‚©‚ꂽ“±”gŠÇ“à•”‚Ì”˜˜I‹“x‚ÍA9‰ÓŠ‚Ì‘ª’茋‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAXŽ²:85V/mA‚xŽ²F30V/m‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
SAR‚Í‘Sg•½‹Ï‚Å90mW/kg‚Æ„’èB
ƒBEMS’F‡¬“dŠE‹“x‚Í90V/m‚Æ‚È‚èA“d—Í–§“x‚Í21W/m2=2mW/cm2B”˜˜IŠî€’l‚Í400mW/kg‚È‚Ì‚ÅAŠî€ˆÈ“à‚Ì”˜˜I„
‚RjŒ´’˜@2009”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†
ŒfÚŽ: PLoS One 2009; 4 (7): e6446
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen
species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚Íin vitro‚Ńqƒg¸Žq×–E‚ÉŠˆ«Ž_‘fŽíŽY¶‹y‚ÑDNA‘¹‚ð—U“±‚·‚é
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ,
King BV, Aitken RJ
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Eƒ{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒA‚©‚ç’ñ‹Ÿ‚³‚ꂽ¸Žq‚ðŽŽŒ±ŠÇ‚É“ü‚ê‚ÄA”˜˜I‘•’u‚Å”˜˜I‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚¨‚à‚í‚ê‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFHuman Andrology 2012, 2:49–55
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FPossible impact(s) of cell phone electromagnetic
radiation on human sperm parameters
ƒqƒg‚̸Žqƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì“dŽ¥•úŽË‚̉e‹¿‚̉”\«
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFRashad M. Mostafa, Eman A. Elmoemen,
Manal S. Fawzy@and Abeer M. Hagrasd
PurposeFTo determine the hazardous effects of using a
cell phone on semen quality in correlation with DNA damage and the release of
ROS.
–Ú“IFDNA‘¹‚ÆROS‚Ì•úo‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚©‚çA¸‰t‚ÌŽ¿‚É‹y‚Ú‚·Œg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚Ì—LŠQ‰e‹¿‚𖾂炩‚É‚·‚éB
Patients and methodsFThe study was carried out at the
Department of Dermatology and Andrology and Cleopatra-IVF center Ismailia,
Egypt, on a total of one hundred with infertile men.
”팱ŽÒ‚Æ•û–@:‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAƒGƒWƒvƒg‚̔畆‰È‚¨‚æ‚уAƒ“ƒhƒƒƒW[•”–储‚æ‚уNƒŒƒIƒpƒgƒ‰IVFƒZƒ“ƒ^[ƒCƒXƒ}ƒCƒŠƒA‚ÅA•s”DÇ‚Ì’j«‚̇Œv100l‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉŽÀŽ{‚³‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
They were divided into four groups according to their cell phone use: group A:
no use (n = 15); group B: less than 2 h/day (n =30); group C: 2–4 h/day (n =25); and group D: more than 4 h/day (n = 30).
”Þ‚ç‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä4‚‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚É•ª‚¯‚ç‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½BƒOƒ‹[ƒvA:Žg—p‚È‚µ(n = 15);ƒOƒ‹[ƒvB:2ŽžŠÔ/“ú–¢–ž(n = 30);ƒOƒ‹[ƒvC:2〜4ŽžŠÔ/“ú(n = 25);‚¨‚æ‚уOƒ‹[ƒvD:4ŽžŠÔ/“úˆÈã(n = 30)B
Semen analyses were carried out using computer-aided sperm analysis both
dynamically and morphologically according to WHO.
WHO‚Ì‹K’è]‚Á‚Ä“®“I‚¨‚æ‚ÑŒ`‘ÔŠw“I‚ɃRƒ“ƒsƒ…[ƒ^Žx‰‡¸Žq•ªÍ‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚ÄA¸‰t•ªÍ‚ðŽÀŽ{‚µ‚½B
DNA damage and ROS level were assessed using an alkaline comet assay and a thiobarbituric acid assay, respectively.
DNA‘¹‚¨‚æ‚ÑROSƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚êƒAƒ‹ƒJƒŠƒRƒƒbƒgƒAƒbƒZƒC‚¨‚æ‚у`ƒIƒoƒ‹ƒrƒc[ƒ‹Ž_ƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
ResultsFThe current study showed that the duration of
cell phone usage correlated negatively with the proportion of grade A and grade
B sperm motility, but correlated positively with the proportion of grade C and
grade D motility. Group D showed an increased ROS level and altered DNA strands
in the spermatozoa.
Œ‹‰ÊFŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—pŠúŠÔ‚̓OƒŒ[ƒhA‚¨‚æ‚уOƒŒ[ƒhB‚̸Žq‰^“®«‚ÌŠ„‡‚Æ•‰‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªAƒOƒŒ[ƒhC‚¨‚æ‚уOƒŒ[ƒhD‚̉^“®«‚ÌŠ„‡‚Ƴ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽBƒOƒ‹[ƒvD‚ÍA¸Žq‚ÌROSƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÆDNA½‚̕ω»‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½B
ConclusionFProlonged use of cell phones could have
hazardous effects on semen quality in men.@Electromagnetic
radiation can lead to breakage of DNA strands and elevation in the ROS level.
Œ‹˜_:Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì’·ŠúŽg—p‚Í’j«‚̸‰t‚ÌŽ¿‚É—LŠQ‚ȉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB“dŽ¥•úŽË‚ÍADNA½‚ÌØ’f‚ÆROSƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Ì㸂ɂ‚Ȃª‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚éB
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–ˆÈ‰º‚ÍEMF Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚æ‚è
ŒfÚŽ: Pathophysiology 2010; 17 (3): 179-187
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FWhole body exposure with GSM 900MHz affects
spatial memory in mice.
GSM900 MHz‚Ö‚Ì‘Sg”˜˜I‚̓}ƒEƒX‚Ì‹óŠÔ‹L‰¯‚ɉe‹¿‚ð‹y‚Ú‚·
’˜ŽÒ: Fragopoulou
AF, Miltiadous P, Stamatakis A, et al;
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EMF Portal‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚©‚ç
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ŒfÚŽ: Pathophysiology 2010; 17 (3): 169-177
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCranial and postcranial skeletal variations
induced in mouse embryos by mobile phone radiation.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b“dŽ¥ŠE‚É‚æ‚èƒ}ƒEƒX‚Ìãó‚ɶ‚¶‚½“ªŠWœ‹y‚Ñ“ªŠWŒã•”‚Ìœ‚̕ψÙ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH
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oŽY‚µ‚½“¯• ‚ÌŽe‚̈ꕔ‚ÍŽ•‰è–GoŽžŠú‚Ü‚Å•êƒ}ƒEƒX‚Ì‹¤‚ɉ߂²‚³‚¹‚½‚ªA‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ìo¶Žei‘ÎÆŒQ7•CA6•ªŠÔ”˜˜IŒQ20•CA30•ªŠÔ”˜˜IŒQ20•Cj‚̓pƒ‰ƒtƒBƒ“ŒÅ’肵‚Ä“î‘gD‚¨‚æ‚ÑœŠi‚̈Ùí‚𒲂ׂ½B
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Full text‚ð“Ç‚Þ‚Æ
EGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜b’[––‚ð’ʘbƒ‚[ƒh‚É‚µ‚ÄAƒ}ƒEƒX‚É”˜˜I
Eƒ}ƒEƒX‚ÍŽ”ˆç” ‚Ì’†‚É“ü‚ê‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éBŽ”ˆç” ‚Ì’†‚Ń}ƒEƒX‚ÍŽ©—R‚É“®‚B
EŒg‘Ñ“d˜b’[––‚ÍAŽ”ˆç” ‚ÉŽæ‚è•t‚¯‚½B
Ž”ˆç” ‚Ì’†‚Å‚Ì“dŠE‹“x‚Í•½‹Ï’l‚Å30+/-5V/mA
SAR‚Í‘ª’肵‚½“dŠE‹“x‚©‚çŒvŽZ‚µ‚Ä0.6–0.94 W/kg‚Å‚ ‚éB
BEMSJ’G
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‹óŠÔ‚Å‚Ì“dŠE‹“x’l‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢B‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ªSAR‚Ì’l‚ÍAM—Š‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
EŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽÀ‹@‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èA“d”g‚Ì”Mó‘Ô‚ªŒµ–§‚ɧŒä‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA‰½‚Æ‚àŒ¾‚¦‚È‚¢‚ªA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍuŽÀ‹@‚É‚æ‚é—z«Œø‰Ê‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½v‚à‚Ì‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
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‚d‚l‚e@‚o‚‚’‚”‚‚Œ‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ
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ŒfÚŽ: Int J Radiat Biol 2015;
91 (3): 286-293
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FResponse of Caenorhabditis elegans to wireless
devices radiation exposure.
–³ü‘•’u‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ɑ΂·‚éü’Ž‚̉ž“š
Œ¤‹†: Fasseas
MK, Fragopoulou AF, Manta AK, Skouroliakou
A, et al;
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAGSMŒg‘Ñ“d˜bEWi-Fiƒ‹[ƒ^EDECT–³üŽ®“d˜b‚È‚Ç‚Ì–³ü‘•’u‚©‚ç•úŽË‚³‚ê‚é“dŽ¥ŠEi“dŠEƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÅICNIRPƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“’l‚ð‰º‰ñ‚éj‚ð—lX‚È”˜˜IŽžŠÔ‚Å—^‚¦‚½ü’ŽiCaenorhabditis
elegansj‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‰e‹¿‚𒲂ׂ½B
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ŒfÚŽ: Occup Environ Med 1997; 54 (4): 281-284
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of acute exposure to ultrahigh radiofrequency
radiation on three antenna engineers.
3–¼‚̃Aƒ“ƒeƒi‹ZŽt‚ɑ΂·‚éUHF‘у‰ƒWƒIŽü”g”ÆŽË‚Ö‚Ì‹}«”˜˜IŒø‰Ê
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Schilling CJ
Abstract@ŠT—v
Three men were accidentally exposed to high levels of ultrahigh frequency
radiofrequency radiation (785 MHz mean frequency) while working on a television
mast.
3–¼‚̓eƒŒƒr‘—M“ƒ‚Åì‹Æ’†‚ÉAUHF‘Ñ‚Žü”g“dŽ¥”gi785MHzj‚É‚”˜˜I‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Ž–ŒÌ‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
They experienced an immediate sensation of intense heating of the parts of the
body in the electromagnetic field followed by a variety of symptoms and signs
which included pain, headache, numbness, and parasthesiae,
malaise, diarrhoea, and skin erythema.
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The most notable problem was that of acute then chronic headache involving the
part of the head which was most exposed.
Å‚àŒ°’˜‚È–â‘è‚ÍAÅ‚à‘½‚”˜˜I‚µ‚½“ª•”‚Ì–«“ª’É‚æ‚è‚Í‹}«“ª’É‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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EƒeƒŒƒr•ú‘—‘—M“ƒ‚Å‚Ìì‹Æ‚ÅAì‹Æ‚Í‘—MƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Ì‚ ‚é‚‚³‚©‚ç‚Í\•ª—£‚ꂽ’ႢꊂÅs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½B
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ŒfÚŽ: Toxicol Mech Methods
2014; 24 (5): 347-352
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FVitamin C protects rat cerebellum and encephalon
from oxidative stress following exposure to radiofrequency wave generated by a
BTS antenna model.
ƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“C‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚Ì–³üŽü”g‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚Ŷ‚¶‚éŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚©‚烉ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚Ƭ”]‚ð–hŒä‚·‚é
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAkbari A, Jelodar G, Nazi S
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA–³üŽü”g‚Ì“dŽ¥”giRFWj‚ª”]‚¨‚æ‚Ѭ”]‚É—U“±‚·‚éŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì•]‰¿‚Æ‚»‚ê‚ɑ΂·‚éƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“C‚Ì–hŒäŒø‰Ê‚ðƒ‰ƒbƒgi32•C‚̬b—YSDƒ‰ƒbƒgj‚ÅŽÀŒ±‚µ‚½B
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Ú×î•ñ(EMF-Portal‚É‚æ‚é’‹LF‚±‚̘_•¶‚Å—p‚¢‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é "encephaloni”]j"‚ÍA‹°‚ç‚‘å”]‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚·‚é‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éi¬”]‚Í•Ê‚É’²‚ׂç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚ßjB
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RF”˜˜IŽžŠÔF4ŽžŠÔ^“úA45“úŠÔ˜A‘±”˜˜I
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Œ´’˜full text‚ðŒ©‚é‚Æ
EBTS‚Æ‚Íubase transceiver@stations (BTSs)v‚Æ‚ ‚èAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŠî’n‹Ç‘—M“ƒ‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB
E”˜˜IƒQ[ƒW‚Æ“d”g”MŒ¹ƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚ÍAˆê”Ê“I‚ÈŠî’n‹Ç‚Æ‹ß–T‚ÌZ‘î‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚ª17m‚Æ‚¢‚¤’l‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚Ì‚ÅAŽÀŒ±‚Å‚Í5m‚Éݒ肵‚½B
E“d”g”MŒ¹‚Í“–‘åŠw‚ÌHŠw•”‚ªŽ©ì‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚èA”˜˜I“dŠE‹“x‚Ì‘ª’è‚ɂ̓[ƒfƒVƒ…ƒƒ‹ƒc«‚̃XƒyƒAƒi‚ð—p‚¢‚½B
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‚Qjƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“C‚ð—^‚¦A‹^Ž—”˜˜IiRF”˜˜I‚È‚µj
‚RjRF”˜˜IŒQiRF‚É”˜˜IAƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“C‚Í‚È‚µj
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E”˜˜IŒã‚Ƀ‰ƒbƒg‚ðŽE‚µ‚ÄA”]‚È‚Ç‚ÌŒŸ¸‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邪Au–ÓŒŸ–@‚Ås‚Á‚½v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹Lq‚ÍŒ´’˜‚É‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚¢B
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ŒfÚŽ: Bio@electromagnetics 2005;
26 (7): 536-547
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure
on cochlear cells' functionality in rats: Evaluation of distortion product
otoacoustic emissions.
ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ìå—‹×–E‚ɑ΂·‚é900 MHz“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚̉e‹¿F˜c¬•ªŽ¨‰¹‹¿•úŽË‚Ì•]‰¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Galloni P, Lovisolo GA,
Mancini S, Parazzini M, Pinto R, Piscitelli M, Ravazzani P, Marino C
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å—‹‚ÌŠO—L–Ñ×–EiOHCj‚Ìó‘Ô‚ð•\‚·Žw•W‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA˜c¬•ªŽ¨‰¹‹¿•úŽËiDPOAEj‚ÌU•‚ð‘I‚ñ‚¾B
ŽÀŒ±ƒvƒƒgƒR[ƒ‹‚É‚ÍA‚³‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚ÈŽü”g”iƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ìå—‹Š´Žó«ƒXƒyƒNƒgƒ‹‚Ì’áŽü”gˆæjA‹“xA”˜˜IŠúŠÔ‚ð—p‚¢‚½B
DPOAEŒŸ¸‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚Ì‘OAÅ’†AŒã‚ÉŽÀŽ{‚³‚ꂽB
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚Á‚ă‰ƒbƒgå—‹‚Ì‹@”\‚Ì—LˆÓ‚È•Ï“®‚ÌØ‹’‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
”˜˜I |
ƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^ |
”˜˜I1: 936 MHz Modulation type: CW ”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: repeated daily exposure for 3 h per day for 5 days |
SAR: 1W/kg average over mass
(whole body) |
”˜˜I2: 923 MHz Modulation type: CW ”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: repeated daily exposure for 3 h per day for 5 days |
SAR: 1W/kg average over mass
(partial body) |
”˜˜I3: 960 MHz Modulation type: pulsed ”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: repeated daily exposure for 3 h per day for 5 days |
SAR: 1W/kg average over mass |
”˜˜I4:900 MHz Modulation
type:@pulsed ”˜˜IŽžŠÔ:repeated daily exposure for 2 h per day for 5 days per week for
4weeks |
SAR:2W/kg average over mass |
–––––––––––––––––––––––
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ˆÈ‰º‚Í‚Æ‚ ‚鎨•@‰È‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚Å‚·B
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Ž¨‰¹‹¿•úŽËF
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³í‚È“àŽ¨‚©‚ç‚ÍŽ¨‰¹‹¿•úŽË(OAE: Oto Acoustic
Emissions)‚ƌĂ΂ê‚é”÷¬‚ȉ¹‚ª”¶‚µ‚ÄŠOŽ¨‚ɃGƒR[‚ª•Ô‚Á‚Äi•úŽË‚µ‚Äj‚¢‚Ü‚·B
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1978”N‰p‘‚ÌKemp”ŽŽm‚É‚æ‚蔌©‚³‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
“–‰@‚Å‚Ì‘ª’è–@F˜c¬•ªŽ¨‰¹‹¿•úŽËŒŸ¸(DPOAE: Distortion Product Oto
Acoustic Emissions)G“Á‚É“àŽ¨‚ÌŠO—L–Ñ×–E‚©‚ç‚ÌOAE‚ðŒŸo‚µ‚Ü‚·B‹@Ží‚̓_ƒCƒAƒeƒbƒNƒJƒ“ƒpƒj[ŽÐ»ƒ^ƒCƒ^ƒ“‚Å‚·B
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ŒfÚŽ: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 113: 378-390
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹F The effect of 900 and 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency
irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of
Xenopus laevis
ƒAƒtƒŠƒJƒcƒƒKƒGƒ‹‚Ìã󔶂ɑ΂·‚é900‚¨‚æ‚Ñ1800MHz GSM‚Ì–Í‹[“I–³üŽü”g•úŽË‚ƃjƒRƒ`ƒ“—°Ž_‰–“Š—^‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFBoga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Akillioglu K, Binokay S, Demirhan O
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAƒAƒtƒŠƒJƒcƒƒKƒGƒ‹‚Ìãó”¶iÊïŒ`«j‚ɑ΂·‚é900‚¨‚æ‚Ñ1800MHz GSM‚Ì–Í‹[“I‚È–³üŽü”g•úŽËiRF EMR:‘Sg•½‹ÏSAR’l1W/kg:”˜˜IŽžŠÔ4A6A8ŽžŠÔj‚ƃjƒRƒ`ƒ“—°Ž_‰–iNSj“Š—^‚̉e‹¿‚𒲂ׂ½B
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ŒfÚŽ: Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2008; 650 (2): 175-180
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FIncreased frequency of micronucleated
exfoliated cells among humans exposed in vivo to mobile telephone radiations.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½ƒqƒg‚É‚¨‚¯‚é”—£×–E‚ł̬Šj•p“x‚Ìã¸
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Yadav AS, Sharma MK
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b•úŽË‚Ì”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚½”팱ŽÒ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA”’E×–E‚ł̬Šj•p“x‚ւ̃Cƒ“ƒrƒ{‰e‹¿‚ª‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚𒲂ׂ½B
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‹K‘¥“IŽg—pŽÒŒQ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̈ê“ú‚Ì•½‹Ï”˜˜IŠúŠÔ‚Í61.62•ªA•½‹ÏŽg—pŠúŠÔ‚Í2.35”N‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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egg(BE)A“ñŠj‰»(BN)‚È‚Ç‚ðŒŸ¸‚µ‚½B
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‚±‚̘_•¶‚Ìfull text“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚Ý‚½‚ªAŠe•Ê’Ç‹L‚·‚é‚悤‚È‚±‚Æ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
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ŒfÚŽ: Toxicol Lett 2010; 193
(1): 124-130
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMicronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa cells of
mobile phone users.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜bƒ†[ƒU‚ÌŒûo”S–Œ×–E‚É‚¨‚¯‚鬊jŒ`¬•p“x
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Hintzsche H, Stopper H
‚±‚̃{ƒ‰ƒ“ƒeƒBƒAŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚ÍAƒqƒg‚ÌŒûo”S–Œ×–E‚̃Qƒmƒ€•sˆÀ’諂ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚̉eKŠµ‚Ì‘¼‚ÉAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚PTŠÔ‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔAŽg—pŠúŠÔAƒwƒbƒhƒZƒbƒg‚Ì—˜—p‚È‚ÇBj‚ɉñ“š‚µ‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚PjŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p—𖳂µF13–¼AŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ª…3ŽžŠÔ^TF85–¼A> 3ŽžŠÔ^TF33–¼‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½G‚QjŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŽg—p‚ÆŒûo”S–Œ×–E‚̬ŠjŒ`¬•p“x㸂ɂ͗LˆÓ‚ÈŠÖ˜A‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚È‚Ç‚ÌŠŒ©‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í‚Pj‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðŽó‚¯‚ÄAÄŒ»«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚ðŽŽ‚Ý‚½Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
‚RjŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚͉e‹¿‚È‚µ‚Æ‚·‚錤‹†FŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ðŽg—p‚·‚鑤‚Æ”½‘Α¤‚Å“d”g”˜˜I‚̉e‹¿‚Ì—L–³‚𒲸
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ŒfÚŽ: Oral Dis 2012; 18 (8): 786-792
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffect of mobile phones on micronucleus frequency
in human exfoliated oral mucosal cells.
ƒqƒg‚Ì”—£Œûo”S–Œ×–E‚ł̬Šj•p“x‚ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Ros-Llor I,
Sanchez-Siles M, Camacho-Alonso F, Lopez-Jornet P
Œ¤‹†‚Ì–Ú“IF
Œ’N‚ÈŒÂl‚ÌŒûo”S–Œ×–E‚ɑ΂·‚éŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̈â“`“Å«ì—p‚𒲸‚·‚邽‚ßAƒRƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ðŽÀŽ{‚µ‚½B
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ƒoƒ‹ƒZƒƒi‘Û‰q¶Œ¤‹†ŠiBarcelona Institute of Global Health: ISGlobalj‚Í2022”N1ŒŽ12“ú•t‚ÅA“¯Œ¤‹†Š‚ªŽå“±‚µA“ú–{‚ðŠÜ‚Þ14‚©‘‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽÀŽ{‚µ‚½‘Û“I‚È‘å‹K–ÍÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Int 2021; 160: 107069
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FWireless phone use in childhood and adolescence
and neuroepithelial brain tumours: Results from the
international MOBI-Kids study
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Castaño-Vinyals G, Sadetzki S, Vermeulen R, Momoli
F, Kundi M, Merletti F, et al:
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ŒfÚŽ: PLoS One 2013; 8 (3):
e59742
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMobile phone use, blood lead levels, and attention
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ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetics
2005; 26 Suppl 7: S144-S150
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FElectromagnetic field emitted by 902 MHz mobile
phones shows no effects on children's cognitive function
902 MHzŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É‚æ‚é“dŽ¥ŠE‚ͬŽ™‚Ì”F’m‹@”\‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚È‚¢
’˜ŽÒ: Haarala C, Bergman M, Laine M, Revonsuo
A, Koivisto M, Hämäläinen H
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ŒfÚŽ: Environ Health 2017; 16: 62
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FUse of mobile and cordless phones and change in
cognitive function: a prospective cohort analysis of Australian primary school
children
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚¨‚æ‚уR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜bŽg—p‚Æ”F’m‹@”\‚̕ω»FƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚̬ŠwZŽ™“¶‚Ì‘OŒü‚«ƒRƒz[ƒg•ªÍ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Bhatt CR, Benke G, Smith CL,
Redmayne M, Dimitriadis C, et al;
ˆê•”‚ÌæsŒ¤‹†‚ÅAŽq‚Ç‚à‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b^ƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜bŽg—p‚Æ”F’m‹@”\‚Ì”’B‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA¬ŠwZŽ™“¶‚̃Rƒz[ƒg‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŒg‘Ñ“d˜b^ƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜bŽg—p‚Æ”F’m‹@”\‚ւ̉e‹¿‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚𒲂ׂ½B
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ˆê˜A‚ÌCogHealthŒŸ¸‚¨‚æ‚ÑStroopF•¶ŽšŒŸ¸‚Å”F’mƒAƒEƒgƒJƒ€‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
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Œð—ˆöŽq‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä’²®‚µAŠwZ‚ŃNƒ‰ƒXƒ^[‰»‚µ‚½‘½düŒ`‰ñ‹A•ªÍ‚ðŽÀŽ{‚µA”F’mƒAƒEƒgƒJƒ€‚̕ω»‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜b^ƒR[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜b‚΂˜I‚̕ω»‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ð•]‰¿‚µ‚½B
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’˜ŽÒ‚ç‚ÍA¬ŠwZŽ™“¶‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ü‚½‚̓R[ƒhƒŒƒX“d˜bŽg—p‚̕ω»‚ª”F’m‹@”\‚̕ω»‚ÆŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŒÀ’è“I‚ÈØ‹’‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽA‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ŒfÚŽ: Bioelectromagnetics 2016;
37 (1): 25-36
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FDoes exposure to environmental radiofrequency
electromagnetic fields cause cognitive and behavioral effects in 10-year-old
boys?
ŠÂ‹«’†‚Ì–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ւ̂΂˜I‚Í10΂̔N‚É”F’m“I‚¨‚æ‚Ñs“®“I‰e‹¿‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚©H
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFCalvente I, Perez-Lobato R, Nunez MI, Ramos R, Guxens M, Villalba J, Olea N, Fernandez MF
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAƒOƒ‰ƒiƒ_‚ÌuŠÂ‹«‚ƬŽ™ŠúvƒRƒz[ƒg‚É‘®‚·‚é123l‚Ì’jŽ™‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉAZ‘îŽü•Ó‚Å‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠEƒŒƒxƒ‹i100 kHz to 6 GHzj‚̃Xƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è’l‚Æ_Œo”F’m“I‚¨‚æ‚Ñs“®“I‹@”\iŽ¿–⎆–@ŒŸ¸‚É‚æ‚è•]‰¿j‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
’jŽ™‚ÍA2000|2002”N‚Éo¶‚µ‚ăRƒz[ƒg‚É“o˜^‚³‚êA¡‰ñ‚Ì’²¸Žž“_‚Å9|11΂ł ‚Á‚½B
Z‘îŽü•Ó‚ł̃Xƒ|ƒbƒg‘ª’è’l‚ÍA“dŠE‹“x‚Ì“ñ敽‹Ï•½•ûªiSRMSj‚¨‚æ‚ÑÅ‘å“d—Í–§“xiSMAXj‚Å•\‚³‚ꂽB
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SRMS‚¨‚æ‚ÑSMAX‚Ì’†‰›’l‚Å‚‚΂˜IƒGƒŠƒAŒQ‚Æ’á‚΂˜IƒGƒŠƒAŒQ‚É•ª‚¯A_Œo”F’m“I‚¨‚æ‚Ñs“®“I‹@”\‚ÌŠeŽíƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚Ì•]‰¿ƒXƒRƒA‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ð‰ñ‹A•ªÍ‚µ‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‚Ì_Œo”F’m“I‚¨‚æ‚Ñs“®“I‹@”\ƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚͂΂˜I‚Ɖ½‚àŠÖ˜A‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½G‚‚΂˜IƒGƒŠƒAŒQ‚Æ’á‚΂˜IƒGƒŠƒAŒQ‚Å‘½‚Ì·‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚à‚ ‚Á‚½iuŒ¾Œê•\Œ»^—‰ð—ÍvAu“àŒü‰»‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘S‘Ì‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–â‘èv‚È‚Çj‚ªAƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚ªŽ¦‚·”F’m‹@”\‚Ì—D—ò‚Ì•ûŒü«‚ɈêŠÑ«‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½jA‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ŒfÚŽ: Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2017;
175 (4): 432-439
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields
From Wi-Fi in Australian Schools
ƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚ÌŠwZ‚É‚¨‚¯‚éWi-Fi‚©‚ç‚Ì–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ւ̂΂˜I
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Karipidis K, Henderson
S, Wijayasinghe D, Tjong L, Tinker R
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚ÌŠwZi23Zj‚É‚¨‚¯‚éWi-Fi‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì”¶Œ¹‚©‚ç‚Ì–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥ŠEiRFj‚Ì“TŒ^“IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚¨‚æ‚уs[ƒNƒŒƒxƒ‹‚𑪒肵‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‘S‚Ä‚ÌRF‘ª’è’l‚ªAŠm—§‚³‚ꂽŒ’N‰e‹¿‚©‚ç‚Ì–hŒì‚Ì‚½‚ß‚Ì‘Û“IƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ª„§‚·‚éŽQlƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ð\•ª‚ɉº‰ñ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½G‹³Žº“à‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚̋ꊂłÌWi-Fi‚©‚ç‚ÌRF‚Ì“TŒ^“IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚¨‚æ‚уs[ƒNƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Í‚»‚ꂼ‚êƒKƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“’l‚Ì10-4‚¨‚æ‚Ñ10-2%‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½G‹³Žº‚Å‚ÌRF‚Ì“TŒ^“IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ðŒ©‚é‚Æ‚Å‚ÍAWi-Fi‚ƃ‰ƒWƒI‚Í“¯“™‚Ì‘å‚«‚³‚Å‚ ‚èA‘¼‚Ì”¶Œ¹‚æ‚è‚’l‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½GZ’ë‚Å‚ÌRF‚Ì“TŒ^“IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÍAƒ‰ƒWƒIATVAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚Ì•û‚ªWi-Fi‚æ‚è‚’l‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½A‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFJournal of Neurological Sciences [Turkish] 29:(1)@# 30; 092-100, 2012
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FBiochemical Changes in The Intervertebral Discs
After Electromagnetic Radiation: An@Experimental Study
“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IŒã‚̒ŊԔ‚̶‰»Šw“I•Ï‰»:ŽÀŒ±“IŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFOlcay ESER, Ahmet SONGUR, Veli CAĞLAR, Huseyin VURAL, Ergun KARAVELİOGLU,
Hakan MOLLAOGLU, Fehmi OZGUNER
Summary
Objective: We investigated the intervertebral discs in a rat electromagnetic
radiation (EMR) model to demonstrate that electromagnetic radiation is a cause
of degenerative intervertebral discs.
–Ú“IFƒ‰ƒbƒg“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IiEMRjƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ŒŊԔ‚𒲸‚µA“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ª’ŊԔ•ϫ‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽÀØ‚µ‚½B
Methods: Rats were randomly divided
into four groups: group I consisted of control rats, and groups II-IV comprised
electromagnetically irradiated with 900, 1800 and 2400MHz.
•û–@:ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ð–³ìˆ×‚É4ŒQ‚É•ª‚¯‚½B‘Îƃ‰ƒbƒg‚©‚ç‚È‚éƒOƒ‹[ƒvI‚ÆA900A1800‚¨‚æ‚Ñ2400MHz‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚©‚ç‚È‚éƒOƒ‹[ƒvII-IV‚Ì4ƒOƒ‹[ƒv‚Å‚ ‚éB
The rats were placed into a specially designed mechanism, and their heads were
exposed to 900, 1800 and 2400 MHz microwaves irradiation for 1 h per day for 2
months.
ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ð“Á•Ê‚ÉÝŒv‚³‚ꂽƒƒJƒjƒYƒ€‚É“ü‚êA“ª•”‚É900A1800A‚¨‚æ‚Ñ2400MHz‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ð1“ú1ŽžŠÔ2‚©ŒŽŠÔAÆŽË‚µ‚½
The control group rats were placed into same system. The same procedure was
applied to the control group while the rats were not exposed to the
electromagnetic waves.
‘ÎÆŒQƒ‰ƒbƒg‚𓯂¶Œn‚É“ü‚ꂽBƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Í“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ª‚È‚¢ˆÈŠO‚ÍA”˜˜IŒQ‚Æ“¯‚¶Žè‡‚ð“K—p‚µ‚½B
Results: The intervertebral disc Interleukin-1ƒÀ levels
as well as the total antioxidative@capacity (TAC) and
total oxidative capacity (TOS) values in the EMR groups (900, 1800, 2400 MHz)
were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05).
Œ‹‰Ê:“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IŒQ(900, 1800, 2400MHz)‚̒ŊԔƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒƒCƒLƒ“-1ƒÀ’l,‘RŽ_‰»”\(TAC)‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘Ž_‰»”\(TOS)’l‚Í‘ÎÆŒQ(p<0.05)‚æ‚è‚à‚‚©‚Á‚½B
In the EMR groups, group II intervertebral disc Interleukin-1ƒÀ levels and TAC were not significantly different from those in group
III (P>0.05).
“dŽ¥”g”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍA‘æIIŒQ‚̒ŊԔƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒƒCƒLƒ“-1ƒÀƒŒƒxƒ‹‚¨‚æ‚ÑTAC‚Í‘æIIIŒQ‚Æ—LˆÓ·‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½(P>0.05)B
Group II intervertebral disc TOS was significantly different from that in
groups III and IV (P<0.05).
In the Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) comparisons, group II was significantly
different from groups I, III and IV (P<0.05).
ƒOƒ‹[ƒvII‚Ì’ÅŠÔ”ÂTOS‚ÍAƒOƒ‹[ƒvIII‚¨‚æ‚ÑIV‚Ì‚»‚ê‚Æ‚Í—LˆÓ‚ɈقȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½iP<0.05)B
Ž_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒXŽw”(OSI)‚Ì”äŠr‚Å‚ÍAƒOƒ‹[ƒvII‚̓Oƒ‹[ƒvIAIIIA‚¨‚æ‚ÑIV‚Æ—LˆÓ‚ɈقȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½(P<0.05)B
Conclusions: Electromagnetic radiation increased the intervertebral disc
release of@inflammatory cytokine IL-1ƒÀ and oxidative radicals. This process can lead to degeneration of@intervertebral disc.
Œ‹˜_:“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚͉ŠÇ«ƒTƒCƒgƒJƒCƒ“IL-1ƒÀ‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽ_‰»ƒ‰ƒWƒJƒ‹‚̒ŊԔ•úo‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚½B
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‚»‚̒ŊԔ‚ª‘¹‚È‚Ç‚É‚æ‚è–{—ˆ‚̒ŊԔ‚̌`‚ª•Û‚Ä‚È‚‚Ȃ邱‚Æ‚Å•ÏŒ`‚ªŽn‚Ü‚èA’ŊԔ‚̋@”\‚ª’ቺ‚µ˜’É‚È‚Ç‚ÌÇó‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚±‚Æ‚ð’ŊԔ•ϫǂƌ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·B
’ŊԔ‚ÌÇó‚ÍŽå‚ɘ’É‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B‚µ‚©‚µA’ŊԔ‚ɓü‚Á‚½‹T—ô‚©‚çA’ŊԔ“à‚Ì‘Šj‚ª˜R‚êo‚µ‚ÄA’ŊԔƒwƒ‹ƒjƒA‚Æ‚È‚èA_Œo‚ð‚‚¯‚Ü‚·B‚ª‚‚‚±‚Æ‚Å_Œo‚ɉŠÇ‚ª¶‚¶‚ÄA‘«‚Ì’É‚Ý‚âჂê‚È‚Ç‚ÌÇ󂪔¶‚µ‚Ü‚·B
Full Text‚ð“Ç‚Þ
E”˜˜IðŒFÅ‘å“d—ÍF‚QW,@•½‹Ï“d—Í–§“xF1.04‚W/cm2 @„’蕽‹ÏSARF1.04W/kg
E‘—MƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚̓_ƒCƒ|[ƒ‹ƒAƒ“ƒeƒi
Eƒvƒ‰ƒXƒ`ƒbƒN‚Ì“›‚Ƀ‰ƒbƒg‚ð‚¢‚ê‚éB
BEMSJ’F
’ŊԔ•ϫ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚Å‚ ‚邪A”˜˜I‘•’u‚ÌŽÊ^‚ðŒ©‚é‚ÆŽüˆÍ‚ª‹à‘®‚Å•¢‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ł̓‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”˜˜I“dŽ¥”g‚Í‹à‘®ƒP[ƒX“à‚Å’èÝ”g‚ª”¶‚·‚éB
‚±‚¤‚µ‚½‹à‘®ƒP[ƒX‚Ì’†‚Ì“dŠE‹“x‚ðŽÀ‘ª‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚à‘ª’èŠí‚̃Zƒ“ƒT‚ÌŽüˆÍ‚É‹à‘®‚ª‚ ‚èA³Šm‚É‘ª’è‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
‚à‚¤‚µ‚«‚¿‚ñ‚Æ‚µ‚½”˜˜I‘•’u‚ÅA”˜˜I‹“x‚ðÄŠm”F‚µ‚ÄAÄŽŽŒ±‚ªŠÌ—v‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éB
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ŒfÚŽ: Turk Neurosurg 2013; 23
(6): 707-715
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe effect of electromagnetic radiation on the rat
brain: an experimental study
ƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚ɑ΂·‚é“dŽ¥•úŽË‚̉e‹¿FŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Eser
O, Songur A, Aktas C, Karavelioglu E, Caglar V, Aylak
F, Ozguner F, Kanter M
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAWister—Yƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì“ª•”‚É900A1800A2450 MHz‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚ð1“ú1ŽžŠÔA2ƒ–ŒŽŠÔÆŽË‚µA”]‚Ì‘gD‚ւ̉e‹¿‚𒲂ׂ½B
‘ÎÆŒQ‚ÆŽü”g”‚̈قȂé3‚‚̔˜˜IŒQ‚ÍAŠeŒQ6•C‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
”˜˜IŽž‚É‚ÍAƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ðƒvƒ‰ƒXƒ`ƒbƒNŠÇi’·‚³12cmA’¼Œa5.5cmj‚É“ü‚êA“ª•”‚ÉÚ‹ß‚³‚¹‚½ƒ_ƒCƒ|[ƒ‹ƒAƒ“ƒeƒiiÅ‘åo—Í2WG•½‹Ï“d—Í–§“x1.04mW/cm2j‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä”˜˜I‚µ‚½i•½‹ÏSAR‚ð1.04W/kg‚ÆŒ©Ï‚à‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éjB
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚P)”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍA‘O“ª”玿‚¨‚æ‚Ñ”]Š²‚Ì‘gD‚É•Ï«“I•Ï‰»A×–EŽ¿‚ÌŽûkAˆÃF‚Ì”ZkŠj‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB@‚Qj”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍA‘RŽ_‰»”\‚ª—LˆÓ‚ɒቺ‚µA‘O“ª”玿E”]Š²E¬”]‚Ì‘Ž_‰»”\‚ÆŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒXŽw•WƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ª—LˆÓ‚É㸂µA”]Š²‚ÌIL-1ƒÀƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ª—LˆÓ‚É㸂µ‚½¤‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
BEMSJ’F
”˜˜IŽwj’l‚Å‚Í‘Sg•½‹ÏSAR‚Í0.08W/kg‚Å‚ ‚èA‚±‚ÌŽÀŒ±ðŒ‚Å‚Í”˜˜IŽwj’l‚Ì13”{‚ÌðŒ‰º‚ʼne‹¿‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
“d”g–hŒìŽwj’l‚Í900MHz‚Å‚Í0.6‚W/cm2 ‚Å‚ ‚èAŽwj’l‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚R|‚S|‚Q
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: J Radiat Res 2008; 49
(6): 579-586
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMelatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by
chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain
ƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚Ö‚Ì–«”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚胉ƒbƒg”]‚É—U”‚³‚ꂽŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚ðŒ¸‚³‚¹‚é
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Sokolovic D, Djindjic B, Nikolic J, Bjelakovic G, Pavlovic D, Kocic
G, Krstic D, Cvetkovic T, Pavlovic V
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É–«“I‚É”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽƒ‰ƒbƒg‚Ì”]‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì‹‚³‚ð•]‰¿‚µAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“‚ÉŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚¨‚æ‚Ñ”]‘¹‚ðŒ¸‚³‚¹‚é•ÛŒì“IŒø‰Ê‚̉”\«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚𒲂ׂ½B
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚̃eƒXƒg‹@iSARF0.043-0.135W/kgj‚ð—p‚¢‚ÄAWisterƒ‰ƒbƒg‚É20A40A60“úŠÔ‚Ì”˜˜IŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
ŠeŽÀŒ±‚ÍA‘ÎÆŒQi¶H“Š—^ŒQjAƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ““Š—^iMeljŒQAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜IiMWjŒQAMW+MelŒQ‚Ì4ŒQ‚Ås‚Á‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚PjMW”˜˜IŒQ‚Å‚ÍAMDA‚¨‚æ‚уJƒ‹ƒ{ƒjƒ‹ŠîŒQ‚Ì’˜‚µ‚¢‘‰Á‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚êA40A60“ú”˜˜IŒã‚É‚ÍACAT‚ÌŒ¸‚ÆXO‚ÌŠˆ«‘‰Á‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽA2jƒƒ‰ƒgƒjƒ“ˆ’u‚Í40“ú”˜˜IŒã‚ÌMDAƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÆXOŠˆ«‚Ì‘‰Á‚ð‘jŠQ‚µ‚½‚ªACAT‚ÌŒ¸‚ƃJƒ‹ƒ{ƒjƒ‹ŠîŒQ‚Ì‘‰Á‚ð‘jŠQ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Full Text‚ðŒ©‚é‚Æ”˜˜Ió‘Ô
EThe animals were exposed by microwave radiation for
20, 40 and 60 days (4 h/day during light period). The microwave radiation was
produced by a mobile test phone (model NOKIA 3110; Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.)
connected to a Communication Test Set PCDK with PC and appropriate software
module.
“®•¨‚ðƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚É20A40‚¨‚æ‚Ñ60“úŠÔi–¾Šú‚Í4ŽžŠÔ/“új”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÍAƒ‚ƒoƒCƒ‹ƒeƒXƒg“d˜b(ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹NOKIA 3110;ƒmƒLƒAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠ”Ž®‰ïŽÐ)‚ÉPC‚Æ“K؂ȃ\ƒtƒgƒEƒFƒAƒ‚ƒWƒ…[ƒ‹‚ð”õ‚¦‚½’ÊMƒeƒXƒgƒZƒbƒgPCDK‚ÉÚ‘±‚³‚ꂽB
EElectrical field was estimated by EM field meter
AARONIA SPECTRAN HF6080 with E = 9.88 V/m to 18.356 V/m and magnetical
field B = 4.68ƒÊT to 8.69ƒÊT.
The whole-body specific energy absorption (SAR) rate was estimated as 0.043–0.135 W/kg using data for
a rotating ellipsoidal model of a rat.
“dŠE‹“x‚ÍEM“dŠEŒvAARONIA SPECTRAN
HF6080‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAE = 9.88V/m‚©‚ç18.356V/mAŽ¥ŠEB = 4.68ƒÊT‚©‚ç8.69ƒÊT‚Æ„’肳‚ꂽB‘Sg”äƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[‹zŽû(SAR)—¦‚ÍAƒ‰ƒbƒg‚̉ñ“]‘ȉ~‘̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚̃f[ƒ^‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä0.043〜0.135 W/kg‚Æ„’肳‚ꂽB
ŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰Ê‚̈ꕔ‚ðˆÈ‰º‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: Cancer Res 2002; 62 (7): 1956-1960
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FLack of mutation induction with exposure to 1.5
GHz electromagnetic near fields used for cellular phones in brains of Big Blue
mice
Big Blueƒ}ƒEƒX‚Ì”]‚Å‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b—p1.5 GHz‹ßÚꔘ˜I‚É‚æ‚éŠïŒ`‚̔ǂ͂Ȃ¢
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Takahashi S, Inaguma
S, Cho YM, Imaida K, Wang J, Fujiwara O, Shirai T
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA1.5GHz“dŽ¥ŠEiEMFj‚Ì‹ß–TŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ɕψٌ´«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©”Û‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄABig Blueƒ}ƒEƒXiBBMj‚Ì”]‘gD‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä’²‚ׂ½B
ƒIƒX‚ÌBBM‚Ì“ª•”—̈æ‚Ö‚ÌEMF‚Ì‹ÇŠ”˜˜Ii“ª•”‘gD‚Å‚ÌSAR‚ÍA2.0A0.67A0 W/ kgj‚ðA90•ª/“úA5“ú/T‚Å4TŠÔs‚Á‚½B
‚»‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊA‚Pj”]‘gD‚É_ŒoäPÇ‚Ü‚½‚Í•Ï«•a•Ï‚Í•a—‘gDŠw“I‚É”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Qj‹[Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‚Q‚‚̔˜˜IŒQ‚ÌŠÔ‚ÅAƒOƒŠƒA×–E‚Å‚ÌKi-67ƒ‰ƒxƒŠƒ“ƒO‚¨‚æ‚уAƒ|ƒg[ƒVƒXŽw”‚É–¾‚ç‚©‚È·‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Rj”]“à‚ÌlacI“±“üˆâ“`Žq‚Ì“Æ—§“I‚È“Ë‘R•ÏˆÙ‚Ì•p“x‚É—LˆÓ‚È•Ï“®‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚SjC:G‚©‚çT:A‚ւ̃gƒ‰ƒ“ƒWƒVƒ‡ƒ“‚ÌD”•”ˆÊ‚Å‚ ‚éCpG”z—ñ‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‚»‚̂悤‚ȃgƒ‰ƒ“ƒWƒVƒ‡ƒ“‚Í‘S‚Ä‚ÌŒQ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚»‚µ‚Ä‘S‚Ä‚ÌŽž“_‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄÅ‚àˆê”Ê“I‚ȕψقð\¬‚µ‚½A‚TjŒ‡Ž¸•ÏˆÙ‚ÍA‹[Ž—”˜˜IŒQ‚É”ä‚×A‚‚¨‚æ‚Ñ’áEMF”˜˜IŒQ‚Ì‚Ç‚¿‚ç‚Å‚à‚킸‚©‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚½‚ªA‚»‚Ì·‚Í—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì’mŒ©‚©‚çA1.5 GHz EMF”˜˜I‚̓}ƒEƒX”]×–E‚ɑ΂µ‚ĕψٌ´«‚Å‚Í‚È‚A”]Žîᇔ¶ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚³‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚ç‚ê‚éB
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Œ´–{FUnited States General Accounting Office”s
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Cellphone call limits suggested by Health Canada
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p§ŒÀ‚ð’ñ¥
Posted: Oct 4, 2011 5:07 PM ET@ Last Updated: Oct 5, 2011 8:38 AM ET
Parents should encourage children under 18 to limit the time they spend talking
on cellphones, Health Canada said Tuesday in new advice on mobile phone usage.
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éV‚µ‚¢ƒAƒhƒoƒCƒX‚ÅAe‚Í18Έȉº‚ÌŽq‹Ÿ‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð‘£i‚·‚ׂ«‚ÆAŒê‚Á‚½B
The guidance is a nuanced change from previous advice, which suggested that people could limit their use of cellphones if they were
concerned about an unproven suggestion the devices increase one's risk of
developing brain cancer.
ƒKƒCƒ_ƒ“ƒX‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚܂ł̃AƒhƒoƒCƒX‚©‚çƒjƒ…ƒAƒ“ƒX‚ð•ÏX‚µ‚½‚à‚Ì‚ÅAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”]ŽîᇂɂȂ郊ƒXƒN‚Í–¢Šm’è‚È’ñˆÄ‚Å‚ ‚邪A‚à‚µ‹C‚É‚·‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAlX‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚ÆA’ñ¥‚µ‚½B
iBEMSJ’Fu‚Å‚«‚év‚ÍA•ÛŒ’È‚ªus‚¤‚ׂ«v‚Æ‚©us‚¦j‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚A‚±‚̃AƒhƒoƒCƒX‚ðŽó‚¯Žæ‚Á‚½ˆê”Ê‚ÌlX‚ªAuŽ©•ª‚̈ӎu‚Å‘I‘ð‚·‚é‚±‚Æ‚ª‰Â”\v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Å‚ ‚éBj
Health Canada says more research needed
Health Canada says the data suggesting the link is far from conclusive and more
research is needed.
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍAŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Æ”]Žîᇂ̊֌W‚ðŽ¦‚·ƒf[ƒ^‚ÍŒ‹˜_‚ðo‚·‚É‚Í‘S‚•s\•ª‚ÅA‚³‚ç‚Ȃ錤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éA‚ÆŒê‚Á‚½B
But in light of the shift, the department decided it should tweak its advice on
cellphone use, especially as it relates to children.
‚µ‚©‚µA•ÛŒ’È‚Í‚µ‚¾‚¯•ûj‚ð•Ï‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éA“Á‚ÉŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍB
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"Not much has changed," McNamee added. "The advice to Canadians
is largely the same.
The science hasn't really changed. Health Canada's just being a little more
proactive on this, in a nutshell."
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Safety of Cell Phones and Cell Phone Towers@Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÆŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚̈À‘S«
Updated:@October 2011@@‰ü’ùF201110ŒŽ
Health Canada is in agreement with both the World Health Organization and IARC
that additional research in this area is warranted.
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍWHO‚ÆIARC‚ªŒp‘±‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ƂɇˆÓ‚·‚éB
Although the RF energy from cell phones poses no confirmed health risks, cell
phone use is not entirely risk-free.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚©‚ç‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚ªŒ’NƒŠƒXƒN‚Í‚È‚¢‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚邪AŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—p‚ª‚Ü‚Á‚½‚ƒŠƒXƒN‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ‚à‚¢‚¦‚È‚¢B
With respect to cell phone towers, as long as exposures respect the limits set in
Health Canadafs guidelines, there is no scientific reason to consider cell
phone towers dangerous to the public.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŠî’n‹Ç‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA”˜˜I‚̓Jƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’Ȃ̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚É‹K’肵‚½§ŒÀ’l‚ɇ’v‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èAŒg‘Ñ“d˜bŠî’n‹Ç‚ªˆê”ÊŒöO‚Ɋ댯‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æl‚¦‚é‰ÈŠw“I‚Ș_‹’‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B
Health Canada reminds cell phone users that they can take practical measures to
reduce their RF exposure by:• limiting the length of cell phone calls
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽÒ‚ÉA‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·ŽÀ—p“I‚ÈŽè–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðA’ˆÓ‚·‚éB
EŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚ÌŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ð’Z‚‚·‚éB
Health Canada also encourages parents to take these measures to reduce their
childrenfs RF exposure from cell phones since children are typically more
sensitive to a variety of environmental agents.
ƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È‚ÍA‚Ü‚½AŽq‹Ÿ‚Í—lX‚Ȋ‹«ˆöŽq‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚æ‚芴Žó«‚ª‚‚¢‚Ì‚ÅAŽq‹Ÿ‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚½‚ß‚Ée‚ª‘Ήžô‚ðŽæ‚邱‚Æ‚ðA§—ã‚·‚éB
Precautions to limit exposure to RF energy from cell phone towers are
unnecessary because exposure levels are typically well below those specified in
health-based exposure standards.
Œg‘Ñ“d˜b‚Ì‚Žü”g“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ð§ŒÀ‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤—\–hŒ´‘¥‚ÍA•s—v‚Å‚ ‚éB‚È‚º‚È‚ç‚ÎA”˜˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚ÍŒ’N‚ÉŠî‚”˜˜IŒÀ“x’l‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä\•ª‚É’á‚¢‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
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cm |
V/m |
A/m |
ZE^M |
P=E–M@iW/m2) |
W/m2 |
1 |
2494.9 |
1.1155 |
2236.6 |
2783.1 |
16510.7 |
2 |
642.1 |
0.6278 |
1022.8 |
403.1 |
1093.6 |
3 |
289.5 |
0.4462 |
648.8 |
129.2 |
222.3 |
4 |
164.1 |
0.3513 |
467.1 |
57.6 |
71.4 |
5 |
105.2 |
0.2921 |
360.2 |
30.7 |
29.4 |
6 |
73.8 |
0.2512 |
293.8 |
18.5 |
14.4 |
7 |
61.2 |
0.2209 |
277.0 |
13.5 |
9.9 |
8 |
56.5 |
0.1974 |
286.2 |
11.2 |
8.5 |
9 |
53.0 |
0.1785 |
296.9 |
9.5 |
7.5 |
10 |
49.9 |
0.1630 |
306.1 |
8.1 |
6.6 |
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˜_•¶–¼F@Electromagnetic Energy Exposure of Simulated Users
of Portable Cellular Telephones.
ŒfÚŽGŽ–¼F@IEEE Transaction on Vehiccular
technology@Vol 44,
No.3 Aug. 1995@@‚Å‚·B
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0.4 |
10 |
20 |
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0.08 |
2 |
4 |
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@@@–––––––––––––@@@@@@@@@@––––––––––––––
Report on visit to observe European standards and regulations for
electromagnetic radiation@
@@@16 October 2002@
Nokia recognizes that the ICNIRP values should be followed in setting standards
for electromagnetic radiation, and that integration and harmonization with the
WHO standards should be achieved.
ƒmƒLƒA‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAICNIRPƒKƒCƒhƒŠƒAƒ“AWHO‚Ì‹K’è‚É]‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ð„§B
The WHO at present completely accepts the ICNIRP standard
limits, although there are some aspects can be improved.
WHO‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‚Ü‚¾‰ü‘P‚Ì—]’n‚Í‚ ‚邪AŒ»Žž“_‚Å‚ÍŠ®‘S‚ÉICNIRP‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚éB
According to the analysis by the ICNIRP experts, it is
unlikely the limits will be revised within the next 2 to 3 years,@
ICNIRP‚Ìê–å‰Æ‚̉ðÍ‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAICNURP‚̃KƒCƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ“‚ÌŒÀ“x’l‚ðA‚±‚Ì2A3”N“à‚ɉü³‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÍA‚Í‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‚ ‚肦‚È‚¢B@
4. Recommendations@
The current national standard draft should be revised. If any government department recommends
against adopting the ICNIRP standards, that department should provide the
relevant scientific data and evidence, and sufficiently explain its reasons.@
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TCO‚ÌŒg‘Ñ“d˜b‹K’è‚ÌЉî‚Å‚·B
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|
PDC |
PHS |
CDMA |
‘—MŽü”g”‘шæ(MHz) |
800,1500 |
1900 |
800 |
ƒo[ƒXƒgo—Í@(mW) |
800 |
80 |
200 |
•½‹Ïo—Í (mW) |
266iƒtƒ‹ƒŒ[ƒgj |
10 |
200 |
‘—M“d—ͧŒä |
Å‘å-20dB |
‚È‚µ |
Å‘å-73dB |
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ŠÖS‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´•¶‚ðŽQÆ‚µ‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚S|‚P‚P|‚Q‚W
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: Mutation Research - Letters
1991; 263 (3): 143-149
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹Fƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ɂ΂˜I‚³‚ꂽV79ƒ`ƒƒƒCƒj[ƒYƒnƒ€ƒXƒ^[×–E‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒRƒƒj[Œ`¬”\AõF‘̈Ù킨‚æ‚ѬŠj”¶—¦‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŠÖŒW
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Garaj-Vrhovac V, Horvat D,
Koren Z
Abstract@@@ŠT—v
Cultured V79 Chinese hamster
fibroblast cells were exposed to continuous radiation, frequency 7.7 GHz, power
density 0.5 mW/cm2 for 15, 30 and 60 min.
The effect of microwave radiation on
cell survival and on the incidence and frequency of micronuclei and structural
chromosome aberrations was investigated.
”|—{‚µ‚½V79ƒ`ƒƒƒCƒj[ƒYƒnƒ€ƒXƒ^[üˆÛ‰è×–E‚ðAŽü”g”7.7GHzA“d—Í–§“x0.5mW/cm2‚̘A‘±•úŽËü‚É15•ªA30•ªA60•ªŠÔ”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ª×–E‚̶‘¶A¬Šj‚Ì”¶—¦‚Æ•p“xA‚¨‚æ‚Ñ\‘¢õF‘̈Ùí‚É‹y‚Ú‚·‰e‹¿‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
The decrease in the number of
irradiated V79 cell colonies was related to the power density applied and to
the time of exposure.
In comparison with the control
samples there was a significantly higher frequency of specific chromosome
aberrations such as dicentric and ring chromosomes in irradiated cells.
ÆŽË‚³‚ꂽV79×–EƒRƒƒj[‚Ì”‚ÌŒ¸‚ÍA“K—p‚³‚ê‚é“d—Í–§“x‚Æ”˜˜IŽžŠÔ‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
‘ÎƃTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚ÄAÆŽË‚³‚ꂽזE‚Å‚ÍA“ñSõF‘Ì‚âŠÂóõF‘Ì‚È‚Ç‚Ì“Á’è‚ÌõF‘̈Ùí‚Ì•p“x‚ª—LˆÓ‚É‚‚©‚Á‚½B
The presence of micronuclei in
irradiated cells confirmed the changes that had occurred in chromosome
structure.
These results suggest that microwave
radiation can induce damage in the structure of chromosomal DNA.
ÆŽË‚³‚ꂽזE‚ɬŠj‚ª‘¶Ý‚·‚邱‚Æ‚©‚çAõF‘Ì\‘¢‚ɶ‚¶‚½•Ï‰»‚ªŠm”F‚³‚ꂽB
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ªõF‘ÌDNA‚Ì\‘¢‚É‘¹‚ð—U”‚·‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
”˜˜IF7.7 GHz ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g 7.7 GHz
”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: 10, 20, 30 and 60 min
“d—Í–§“x: 5 W/m² (10 mW/cm² and 30
mW/cm²; culture irradiated in a logarithmical phase of growth)
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚S|‚P‚P|‚Q‚W
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: Mutation Research - Letters 1992; 282 (4): 265-271
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FX-rays, microwaves and vinyl chloride monomer: their clastogenic and
aneugenic activity, using the micronucleus assay on
human lymphocytes
XüAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚¨‚æ‚щ–‰»ƒrƒjƒ‹ƒ‚ƒmƒ}[F‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌõF‘̈Ù킨‚æ‚шٔ‘Ì—U”«FƒqƒgƒŠƒ“ƒp‹…‚ł̬ŠjƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Fucic A, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Skara M, Dimitrovic
B
Abstract@@ŠT—v
Chromosome aberration assays, sister-chromatid exchange techniques
and micronucleus assays are commonly used methods for biomonitoring genetic
material damaged by chemical or physical agents.
õF‘̈ÙíƒAƒbƒZƒCAŽo–…õF•ª‘ÌŒðŠ·‹ZpA‚¨‚æ‚ѬŠjƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ÍA‰»Šw“I‚Ü‚½‚Í•¨—“I—vˆö‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‘¹‚ðŽó‚¯‚½ˆâ“`•¨Ž¿‚ðƒoƒCƒIƒ‚ƒjƒ^ƒŠƒ“ƒO‚·‚邽‚߂Ɉê”Ê“I‚ÉŽg—p‚³‚ê‚é•û–@‚Å‚ ‚éB
On the other hand, their aneugenic
activity, which can lead to hypoploidy and may also be associated with
carcinogenesis, has not been thoroughly investigated.
ˆê•ûA‚»‚ê‚ç‚Ì“®–¬Œ`¬Šˆ«‚ÍA”{”«‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚èA”‚ª‚ñ‚É‚àŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邪A\•ª‚ÉŒ¤‹†‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
In our study we chose the micronucleus assay with a new mathematical
approach to separate clastogenic from aneugenic
activity of three well-known mutagens (vinyl chloride monomer, X-rays and
microwaves) on the genome of human somatic cells.
‰äX‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAƒqƒg‘Ì×–E‚̃Qƒmƒ€ã‚Ì3‚‚̂悒m‚ç‚ꂽ•ÏˆÙŒ´(‰–‰»ƒrƒjƒ‹ƒ‚ƒmƒ}[AXüAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g)‚ÌõF‘̈Ùí—U”Šˆ«‚Æ“®–¬Œ`¬Šˆ«‚𕪗£‚·‚邽‚ßAV‚µ‚¢”Šw“IƒAƒvƒ[ƒ`‚ŬŠjƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ðs‚¢‚Ü‚µ‚½B
The comparison of frequencies of size distribution of micronuclei in
the lymphocytes of humans exposed to each of these three mutagens showed that
X-rays and microwaves were preferentially clastogens
while vinyl chloride monomer showed aneugenic
activity as well.
‚±‚ê‚ç3‚‚̕ψٌ´‚É‚»‚ꂼ‚ꔘ˜I‚³‚ꂽƒqƒg‚̃Šƒ“ƒp‹…‚É‚¨‚¯‚鬊j‚̃TƒCƒY•ª•z‚Ì•p“x‚Ì”äŠr‚µ‚½Œ‹‰ÊAXü‚ƃ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ª—Dæ“I‚ÉõF‘̈Ùí—U”•¨Ž¿‚Å‚ ‚èA‰–‰»ƒrƒjƒ‹ƒ‚ƒmƒ}[‚à“¯—l‚É“®–¬Œ`¬Šˆ«‚ðŽ¦‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
Microwave posses some mutagenic
characteristics typical of chemical mutagens.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÍA‰»Šw•ÏˆÙŒ´‚É“TŒ^“I‚È‚¢‚‚‚©‚̕ψٌ´«“Á«‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
”˜˜IFƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g
”˜˜I1: 1.25–1.35 GHz
Modulation type: pulsed
“d—Í–§“x: 10 µW/cm² unspecified (20 mW/cm²; at the working place of the
subject.)
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚S|‚P‚P|‚Q‚W
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽ: Mutation Research - Letters
1992; 281 (3): 181-186
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe correlation between the
frequency of micronuclei and specific chromosome aberrations in human
lymphocytes exposed to microwave radiation in vitro
ƒCƒ“ƒrƒgƒ‚Ń}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½ƒqƒg‚̃Šƒ“ƒp‹…‚É‚¨‚¯‚鬊j•p“x‚Æ“Á’èõF‘̈Ùí‚Æ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Garaj-Vrhovac V, Fucic A, Horvat D
Abstract@ŠT—v
Human whole-blood samples were
exposed to continuous microwave radiation, frequency 7.7 GHz, power density
0.5, 10 and 30 mW/cm2 for 10, 30 and 60 min.
A correlation between specific
chromosomal aberrations and the incidence of micronuclei after in vitro
exposure was observed.
ƒqƒg‚Ì‘SŒŒƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚ðAŽü”g”7.7 GHzA“d—Í–§“x0.5A10A30 mW/cm2‚̘A‘±ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚É10A30A60•ªŠÔ”˜˜I‚µ‚½B
“ÁˆÙ“I‚ÈõF‘̈Ùí‚Æin vitro”˜˜IŒã‚̬Šj‚Ì”¶—¦‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚Í‘ŠŠÖŠÖŒW‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
In all experimental conditions, the
frequency of all types of chromosomal aberrations was significantly higher than
in the control samples.
In the irradiated samples the
presence of dicentric and ring chromosomes was established.
The incidence of micronuclei was
also higher in the exposed samples.
‚·‚ׂĂ̎ÀŒ±ðŒ‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‚·‚ׂẴ^ƒCƒv‚ÌõF‘̈Ùí‚Ì•p“x‚ÍA‘ÎƃTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚æ‚è‚à—LˆÓ‚É‚‚©‚Á‚½B
ÆŽË‚³‚ꂽƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚Å‚ÍA“ñSõF‘Ì‚ÆŠÂóõF‘Ì‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ªŠm—§‚³‚ꂽB
¬Šj‚Ì”¶—¦‚àA”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚Å‚‚©‚Á‚½B
The results of the structural
chromosome aberration test and of the micronucleus test were comparatively
analyzed.
The values obtained showed a
positive correlation between micronuclei and specific chromosomal aberrations
(acentric fragments and dicentric chromosomes).
\‘¢õF‘̈Ù펎Œ±‚ƬŠjŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚ĉðÍ‚µ‚½B
“¾‚ç‚ꂽ’l‚ÍA¬Šj‚Æ“Á’è‚ÌõF‘̈Ùí(”ñ’†Sƒtƒ‰ƒOƒƒ“ƒg‚¨‚æ‚Ñ“ñSõF‘Ì)‚Ƃ̊Ԃɳ‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½B
The results of the study indicate
that microwave radiation causes changes in the genome of somatic human cells
and that the applied tests are equally sensitive for the detection of the
genotoxicity of microwaves.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ªƒqƒg‘Ì×–E‚̃Qƒmƒ€‚ɕω»‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚±‚ÆA‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽg—p‚³‚ꂽŽŽŒ±‚ªƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚̈â“`“Å«‚ÌŒŸo‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä“¯—l‚ÉŠ´“x‚ª‚‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½B
”˜˜IF7.7 GHz ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g@CW@˜A‘±”g
”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: 10, 30 and 60 min.
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚S|‚P‚P|‚Q‚W
ŒfÚŽ: Chemosphere 1999; 39 (13):
2301-2312
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMicronucleus assay and
lymphocyte mitotic activity in risk assessment of occupational exposure to
microwave radiation
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Ö‚ÌE‹Æ”˜˜I˜I‚É‚¨‚¯‚郊ƒXƒN•]‰¿Žž‚Ì”÷¬ŠjƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ƃŠƒ“ƒp‹…•ª—ôŠˆ«
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Garaj-Vrhovac V
Abstract@@ŠT—v
The effects of radiofrequency
electromagnetic radiation (RFR) on the cell kinetics and genome damages in
peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined in lymphocytes of 12 subjects
occupationally exposed to microwave radiation.
––½ŒŒƒŠƒ“ƒp‹…‚Ì×–E“®‘Ô‚¨‚æ‚уQƒmƒ€‘¹‚ɑ΂·‚é–³üŽü”g“dŽ¥•úŽË(RFR)‚̉e‹¿‚ðAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÉE‹Æ“I‚É”˜˜I‚³‚ꂽ12l‚̔팱ŽÒ‚̃Šƒ“ƒp‹…‚Å’²¸‚µ‚½B
Results showed an increase in
frequency of micronuclei (MN) as well as disturbances in the distribution of
cells over the first, second and third mitotic division in exposed subjects
compared to controls.
Œ‹‰ÊF‘ÎÆŒQ‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚ÄA”˜˜I‚µ‚½”팱ŽÒ‚Ì‘æ1•ª—ôA‘æ2•ª—ô‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‘æ3•ª—ô‚É‚¨‚¯‚鬊j(MN)‚Ì•p“x‚Ì‘‰ÁA‚È‚ç‚Ñ‚É×–E‚Ì•ª•z‚Ì—‚ꂪ‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
According to previous reports
micronucleus assay can serve as a suitable indicator for the assessment of
exposure to genotoxic agents (such as RFR) and the analysis of mitotic activity
as an additional parameter for the efficient biomonitoring.
ˆÈ‘O‚ÌŒ¤‹†•ñ‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆA¬ŠjƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ÍAˆâ“`“Å«•¨Ž¿(RFR‚È‚Ç)‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚Ì•]‰¿‚âAŒø—¦“I‚ȃoƒCƒIƒ‚ƒjƒ^ƒŠƒ“ƒO‚Ì‚½‚߂̒ljÁƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ì—LŽ…•ª—ôŠˆ«‚Ì•ªÍ‚É“K‚µ‚½Žw•W‚Æ‚µ‚Ė𗧂‚±‚ÆŽ¦‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
E‹Æ“IA‘Sg”˜˜I
”˜˜I 1.25–1.35 GHz
”˜˜IŽžŠÔ: 13.3 years
“d—Í–§“x: 10 µW/cm² minimum|20 µW/cm² maximum
‹LF‚Q‚O‚Q‚S|‚P‚P|‚Q‚W
ŒfÚŽ: Int J Hyg
Environ Health 2011; 214 (1): 59-65
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FAssessment of cytogenetic
damage and oxidative stress in personnel occupationally exposed to the pulsed
microwave radiation of marine radar equipment
ŠC—mƒŒ[ƒ_‘•’u‚©‚ç‚̃pƒ‹ƒXƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÉE‹Æã‚΂˜I‚³‚ꂽ—vˆõ‚Å‚Ì×–Eˆâ“`Šw“I‘¹‚¨‚æ‚ÑŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì•]‰¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ: Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Pazanin S, Sarolic A, Domijan AM,
Flajs D, Peraica M
Abstract@ŠT—v
Due to increased usage of microwave
radiation, there are concerns of its adverse effect in today's society. Keeping
this in view, study was aimed at workers occupationally exposed to pulsed
microwave radiation, originating from marine radars.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÌŽg—p—Ê‚Ì‘‰Á‚É‚æ‚èAŒ»‘ãŽÐ‰ï‚Å‚Í‚»‚̈«‰e‹¿‚ªŒœ”O‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ê‚ðl—¶‚µ‚ÄAŒ¤‹†‚ÍAŠC—mƒŒ[ƒ_‚©‚甶‚·‚éƒpƒ‹ƒXƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g•úŽË‚ÉE‹Æ“I‚É‚³‚炳‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é˜J“ŽÒ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Electromagnetic field strength was
measured at assigned marine radar frequencies (3 GHz, 5.5 GHz and 9.4 GHz) and
corresponding specific absorption rate values were determined.
“dŽ¥ŠE‹“x‚ÍAŠ„‚è“–‚Ä‚ç‚ꂽŠC—mƒŒ[ƒ_Žü”g”(3GHzA5.5GHzA‚¨‚æ‚Ñ9.4GHz)‚Å‘ª’肳‚êA‘Ήž‚·‚é”ä‹zŽû—¦‚Ì’l‚ªŒˆ’肳‚ꂽB
Parameters of the comet assay and
micronucleus test were studied both in the exposed workers and in corresponding
unexposed subjects.
ƒRƒƒbƒgƒAƒbƒZƒC‚ƬŠjƒeƒXƒg‚̃pƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚ÍA”˜˜I‚µ‚½˜J“ŽÒ‚ƑΉž‚·‚é”ñ”˜˜I”팱ŽÒ‚Ì—¼•û‚ÅŒ¤‹†‚³‚ꂽB
Differences between mean tail
intensity (0.67 vs. 1.22) and moment (0.08 vs. 0.16) as comet assay parameters
and micronucleus test parameters (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic
bridges and nuclear buds) were statistically significant between the two
examined groups, suggesting that cytogenetic alterations occurred after
microwave exposure.
ƒRƒƒbƒgƒAƒbƒZƒCƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^‚ƬŠjƒeƒXƒgƒpƒ‰ƒ[ƒ^(¬ŠjAŠj¬Œ`‹´—ÀAŠj‰è)‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ì•½‹Ï”ö•”‹“x(0.67‘Î1.22)‚ƃ‚[ƒƒ“ƒg(0.08‘Î0.16)‚Ì·‚ÍA’²¸‚µ‚½2‚‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒvŠÔ‚Å“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚ ‚èAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜IŒã‚É×–Eˆâ“`Šw“I•Ï‰»‚ª‹N‚±‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚ªŽ¦´‚³‚ꂽB
Concentrations of glutathione and
malondialdehyde were measured spectrophotometrically and using high performance
liquid chromatography.
ƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ`ƒIƒ“‚ƃ}ƒƒ“ƒWƒAƒ‹ƒfƒqƒh‚Ì”Z“x‚ÍA•ªŒõŒõ“x–@‚¨‚æ‚Ñ‚‘¬‰t‘̃Nƒƒ}ƒgƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB[‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‘ª’肳‚ꂽB
The glutathione concentration in
exposed group was significantly lower than in controls (1.24 vs. 0.53) whereas
the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly higher (1.74 vs. 3.17),
indicating oxidative stress.
”˜˜IŒQ‚̃Oƒ‹ƒ^ƒ`ƒIƒ“”Z“x‚Í‘ÎÆŒQ‚æ‚è‚à—LˆÓ‚É’á‚©‚Á‚½(1.24‘Î0.53)Bˆê•ûAƒ}ƒƒ“ƒWƒAƒ‹ƒfƒqƒh‚Ì”Z“x‚Í—LˆÓ‚É‚‚©‚Á‚½(1.74‘Î3.17)AŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚ªŽ¦‚³‚ꂽB
Results suggests that pulsed
microwaves from working environment can be the cause of genetic and cell
alterations and that oxidative stress can be one of the possible mechanisms of
DNA and cell damage.
Œ‹‰ÊFì‹ÆŠÂ‹«‚ł̃pƒ‹ƒXƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜Iˆâ“`“I‚¨‚æ‚Ñ×–E“I•Ï‰»‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚èAŽ_‰»ƒXƒgƒŒƒX‚ªDNA‚¨‚æ‚Ñ×–E‘¹‚̉”\«‚Ì‚ ‚郃JƒjƒYƒ€‚Ì1‚‚ł ‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB