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22kHz |
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7.14 |
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35.922 |
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11.2 |
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44kHz |
66kHz |
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91.4 |
62.2 |
41.4 |
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6.25 |
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0.393 |
0.144 |
0.088 |
0.625 |
5.747 |
1.435 |
0.581 |
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0.154 |
0.047 |
0.020 |
0.222 |
2.251 |
0.472 |
0.134 |
2.857 |
‚Æ‚È‚èA“d”g–hŒìŽwj‚É‚Í“K‡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A22kHzˆÈã‚ÌŽ¥ŠE¬•ª‚¾‚¯‚ÅICNIRP‚É‚Í“K‡‚µ‚È‚‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB‹@Ší‚É2.8cmi‹@Ší‚ÌŠOŠk‚ƃZƒ“ƒT‚Ìæ’[‚Ü‚Å‚Ì‹——£‚͂킸‚©0.3cmj‚Ü‚Å‹ßÚ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ÍAŽÀÛãl‚¦‚È‚‚Ä‚à‚æ‚¢‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
•\‚UF‘ª’è‚Ì—á‚RF@“ç‚̈ʒu‚ð‚¸‚ç‚µA“猟o‰ñ˜H‚ª“®ì’¼‘O‚̈ʒu‚Å‘ª’èB@
’²—Ší‚ÌŠOŠk‚©‚ç20cm‚Ì‹——£‚Å‘ª’è
@ |
‘ª’è’l |
•ñ‘@A/m |
|
ƒÊT‚ÉŠ·ŽZ |
||
@ |
22kHz |
44kHz |
66kHz |
22kHz |
44kHz |
66kHz |
Å‘å |
8.41 |
3.03 |
1.27 |
10.563 |
3.806 |
1.595 |
Ŭ |
4.23 |
1.13 |
0.27 |
5.313 |
1.419 |
0.339 |
•\‚VF@Žwj’l‚Ö‚Ì“K‡F@‹K’è’l‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄŽÀ‘ª’n‚ÌŠ„‡‚ðŒvŽZ
|
“d”g–hŒìŽwj’l ƒÊT |
ICNIRP@Žwj’l |
||||||
|
22kHz |
44kHz |
66kHz |
Ž¥ŠE‘˜a”»’è |
22kHz |
44kHz |
66kHz |
Ž¥ŠE‘˜a”»’è |
‹K’è’l |
91.4 |
62.2 |
41.4 |
|
6.25 |
6.25 |
6.25 |
|
Å‘å |
0.116 |
0.061 |
0.039 |
0.215 |
1.690 |
0.609 |
0.255 |
2.554 |
Ŭ |
0.058 |
0.023 |
0.008 |
0.089 |
0.850 |
0.227 |
0.054 |
1.131 |
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35 |
70 |
105 |
140 |
ŽÀŒø’l |
Ž¥ŠE‘ª’è’lƒÊ‚s |
0.00675 |
0.0012 |
0.000038 |
0.00038 |
0.006866 |
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˜_•¶–¼FElectric Blanket Use and Breast Cancer in the Nurses Health Study@
@@“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFFrancine
Ladeni1j, Lucas M. Neas, Paige E. Tolbert, Michelle D. Holmes,
Susan E. Hankinson, Donna Spiegelman, Frank E. Speizer, and David J. Hunter,
i1j Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
ŒfÚŽFAmerican
Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 152, No.1 : 41-49 @2000@
Electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) have been hypothesized to increase the risk
of breast cancer, and electric blankets represent an important source of
exposure to EMFs.
“dŽ¥ŠE‚ª“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ª‚ ‚èA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚Í‚±‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ì”¶Œ¹‚Å‚ ‚éB
The authors examined the
relation between electric blanket use and invasive breast cancer in the Nurses'
Health Study.
ƒi[ƒX‚ÌŒ’NŒ¤‹†‚̈êŠÂ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
On the biennial questionnaire in
1992, 87,497 women provided information on this exposure during three
consecutive time periods.
1992”N‚ÉA“ñ”N‚Ɉê“x‚ÌŽ¿–â•\‚ÅA87497–¼‚©‚ç˜A‘±‚µ‚½3ŠúŠÔ‚ÌŠÔ‚É”˜˜I‚µ‚½î•ñ‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚½B
In a prospective analysis with
301,775 person-years of follow-up through 1996 (954 cases), the relative risk
for any electric blanket use was not elevated (relative risk (RR) = 1.08, 95%
confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 1.24) after controlling for breast cancer risk
factors.
1996”N‚Ü‚Å‚ÌA‘OŒü‚«‚Ì’ÇÕ’²¸‚Åi‘ÎÛ‚Í301,775l”N‚Ì‹K–ÍjA“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚ð’²®‚µ‚½Œã‚Ì“d‹C–Ñ•zŽg—p‚É‚æ‚é“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½A‘Š‘Ί댯“x‚Í1.08A‚X‚T“M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚Í0.95|1.24‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
There was a weak association between
breast cancer and electric blanket use at least 16 years before diagnosis and
long-term use in age-adjusted analyses but not in multivariate models.
‚µ‚©‚µA“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚é‘O‚É16”NˆÈã“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½ê‡‚ÆA”N—î‚ð’²®‚µ‚½’·ŠúŠÔ‚Ì“d‹C–Ñ•zŽg—p‚Å‚ÍA“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÉŽã‚¢ŠÖŒW‚ª‚Ý‚ç‚ꂽB
In a retrospective analysis of
1,318,683 person-years of follow-up (2,426 cases), the multivariate relative
risk associated with use before disease follow-up began was null (RR = 1.05,
95% CI:0.95,@1.16).
1,318,683l”N‚É‘ÎÛ‹K–Í‚ð‘å‚«‚‚µAŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½A2,426‚ÌǗႪ‚ ‚èA“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æf’f‚³‚ê‚é‘O‚Ì“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚Ì“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B‘Š‘Ί댯“x‚Í1.05A96%M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚Í‚OD‚X‚T|‚PD‚P‚U‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Similar results were obtained in analyses stratifiedi‘w‚É‚·‚éj
bymenopause iŒŽŒo•ÂŽ~jand restricted to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.
ŒŽŒo•ÂŽ~‚ƃGƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“ƒŒƒZƒvƒ^[—z«”½‰ž‚ðŽ‚Âl‚ÉŒÀ’肵‚½ê‡‚Å‚àA“û‚ª‚ñ‚ƃŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í“¯—l‚ÈŠÖŒW‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
While 95% confidence intervals
for these estimates did not exclude small risks, overall, results did not
support an association between breast cancer risk and exposure to EMFs from
electric blankets.
¡‰ñ‚Ì’²¸‚ÅA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚é“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚é“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚ªA‚X‚T“M—Š«‹æŠÔ‚ðl‚¦‚½ê‡A¬‚³‚¢ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ÍœŠO‚µ‚È‚¢B
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚P‚Q
ŒfÚŽFEPIDEMIOLOGY 2001;12:613-617
˜_•¶–¼FElectric Blanket or Mattress Cover Use
and Breast Cancer Incidence in Women 50-79 Years of Age
—«“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æ“d‹C–Ñ•z‚âƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJane A. McElroyi1j;
Polly A. Newcomb; Patrick L. Remington; Kathleen M. Egan; Linda Titus-Ernstoff; Amy Trentham-Dietz; John M. Hampton; John A.
Baron; Meir J. Stampfer; Walter C. Willett
1FUniversity of Wisconsin Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Madison, WI;
ŠT—vF
Previous research has demonstrated inconsistent associations between
electromagnetic radiation, especially from electric blanket use, and breast
cancer.
‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æ“dŽ¥ŠEA“Á‚É“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÍŽñ”öˆêŠÑ‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ª“¾‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
Breast cancer risk according to electric blanket or mattress cover use was
examined as part of a multicenter population-based case-control study.
“d‹C–Ñ•z‚à‚µ‚‚̓}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚ÌÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Breast cancer patients 50-79 years of age (N = 1949) were identified from
statewide tumor registries in
1994”N6ŒŽ‚©‚ç1995”N7ŒŽ‚ÌŠÔ‚Ì50-79΂̓û‚ª‚ñŠ³ŽÒ‚ðAƒ}ƒTƒ`ƒ…[ƒZƒbƒcB‚Æ‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì“ñB‚ÅAB‚ª‚ñ“o˜^‚©‚ç’Šo‚µ‚½B
Women of similar age were randomly selected from population lists as controls.
‘ÎÆŒQ‚ÍZ–¯“o˜^‚©‚烉ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‚É‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B
Information regarding electric blanket and mattress cover use and breast cancer
risk factors was obtained through telephone interviews.
“d‹C–Ñ•z‚âƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ÌŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éî•ñ‚ÍA“d˜bƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚Å“üŽè‚µ‚½B
After adjustment for age, body mass index, and other breast cancer risk
factors, the risk of breast cancer was similar among ever-users (relative risk
= 0.93; 95% confidence interval = 0.82-1.06) and lower among current users than
among never-users (relative risk = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.95).
”N—îA”ì–ž—¦iHj‚â‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì“û‚ª‚ñƒŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚ð’²®‚µ‚ĉðÍ‚µ‚½BŒ‹‰Ê‚ÍAu‚©‚‚Ďg—p‚µ‚½vŒQ‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í0.93(0.82-1.06)Au‚©‚‚Ďg—pvŒQ‚É”ä‚ׂÄuŒ»ÝŽg—pvŒQ‚Ì‘Š‘΃ŠƒX‚‹‘ƒ‚Í’á‚A0.79(0.66-1.06)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
There was no evidence of a dose-response relation with increasing number of
months that electric blankets had been used.
“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½ŠúŠÔ‚Ì’·‚³‚Æ‚Ìu—Ê\”½‰žvŠÖŒW‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
This study provides evidence against a positive association between electric
blanket or mattress cover use and breast cancer.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚âƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ“û‚ª‚ñ‚̃|ƒWƒeƒBƒu‚ÈŠÖŒW‚ɑ΂·‚锽؂ƂȂéB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚Ì‚Ý“üŽèA‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½Bì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚U|‚R‚O@
ŒfÚŽFAm J Epidemiol 2002; 156:262-267.
˜_•¶–¼FEndometrial Cancer Incidence in Relation to Electric Blanket Use
“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆŽq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂƂ̊֌W
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJane A.
McElroyi1j, Polly A. Newcomb, Amy Trentham-Dietz, John M. Hampton,
Marty S. Kanarek and Patrick L. Remington
i1j University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Madison, WI.
Endometrial cancer is associated with endogenous and exogenous estrogen@excess.
Žq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂ͓àˆö«‚ÆŠOˆö«‚̃GƒXƒgƒƒQƒ“‰ßè‚ÉŠÖŒW‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Some investigators have posited
that electromagnetic fields may influence cancer risk through estrogenic
hormonal mechanisms; however, there have been no studies reporting on electric
blanket exposure in relation to endometrial cancer.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA”zƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“‚Ì‹@”\‚É‚æ‚èA“dŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚Í”ŠàƒŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ɖ¼’肵‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚µ‚©‚µA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚ªŽq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂɊ֌W‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†‚Í‚È‚¢B
The authors examined this
possible association between endometrial cancer risk and electric blanket or
mattress cover use as part of a population-based, case-control study.
‚»‚±‚ÅA“d‹C–Ñ•zEƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ÌŽg—p‚ªŽq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂɊ֌W‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©AÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
This analysis included incident
endometrial cancer cases 40-79 years of age, interviewed during 1994 (n = 148;
response rate, 87%) and identified from the
Šà“o˜^‚©‚甲‚«o‚µ‚½‚S‚O|‚V‚X΂̎q‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂ̔•aÇ—á‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA‚P‚X‚X‚S”N‚ɃCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚ðs‚Á‚½AǗᔂP‚S‚W–¼A‰ž“š—¦‚Í‚W‚V“B
Female
controls of similar age were randomly selected from population lists (n = 659;
response rate, 85%).
—«‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚ÍZ–¯•[‚©‚烉ƒ“ƒ_ƒ€‚É‘I‘ð‚µ‚½B‚U‚T‚X–¼A‰ž‘ø—¦‚W‚T“B
Information regarding electric blanket and mattress cover use and endometrial
cancer risk factors was obtained through structured telephone interviews
approximately 1 year after diagnosis.
“d‹C–Ñ•zEƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆŽq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂȂǂɊւ·‚éî•ñ‚ÍAf’fŒã‚P”N‚ÅA“d˜b‚É‚æ‚éƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚Å“üŽè‚µ‚½
After adjustment for age, body mass index, and postmenopausal hormone use, the
risk of endometrial cancer was similar among ever users (odds ratio = 1.04, 95%
confidence interval: 0.70, 1.55) and among current users (odds ratio = 0.87,
95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.54) as compared with never users.
”N—îA”ì–ž—¦AŒŽŒo•ÂŽ~Œã‚̃zƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“Žg—p‚̈öŽq‚ð’²®‚µA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚È‚Ç‚ð‰ß‹Ž‚ÉŽg—p‚µ‚½ê‡‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚PD‚O‚Si‚X‚T“M—Š«‚OD‚V‚O|‚PD‚T‚TjAŒ»Ý‚àŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éꇂ̃IƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚W‚Vi‚X‚U“M—Š«‚OD‚S‚X|‚PD‚T‚Sj‚Å“¯‚¶’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Despite its small size and
potential misclassification of exposure, this study provides evidence against
an association between electric blanket or mattress cover use and endometrial
cancer.
Ǘᔂª‚È‚¢‚±‚ÆA”˜˜I‚̌땪—Þ‚à‰Â”\«‚à‚ ‚邪A–{Œ¤‹†‚Í“d‹C–Ñ•z‚È‚Ç‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆŽq‹{“à–ŒŽîᇂ̊֌W‚É”½‚·‚éŠmØ‚Æ‚È‚éB
’F‚±‚ê‚ç‚©‚çA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚éŽq‹{ƒKƒ“‚Ì‘‰Á‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚P|‚P‚P|‚P‚U
ŒfÚŽFEuropean Journal of Cancer Prevention:
June 2007 - Volume 16 - Issue 3 - pp 243-250
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FUse of electric blankets and
association with prevalencei—¬sA‚Í‚â‚èjendometrialiŽq‹{“à–Œ‚Ìj cancer
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAbel EL, Hendrix SL, et al:
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Psychology, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
ŠT—v
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“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚ÍŽq‹{“à–Œ‚ÌŠà‚Ì—¬s‚ðA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚È‚¢ŒQ‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‚P‚T“‚‚߂邱‚Æ‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½AƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚PD‚P‚T‚Å‚X‚T“M—Š‹æŠÔ‚Í‚PD‚O‚R|‚PD‚Q‚V‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
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Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSusan Preston-Martin et al;
Œ´’˜FBrain Tumor Risk in Children in Relation to Use of
Electric @Blankets and Water Bed Heators
ŒfÚŽGŽFAmerican Journal of Epidemiology. @Vol. 143 No.11 1996
ŠT—v
1984-1991”NŠÔ‚É19Έȉº‚Å”]ŽîᇂÆf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá540‚ƃ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½‘ÎÆ801‚ðŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
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ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ð“üŽèB@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½B@ì¬G@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚W|‚P‚X
ŒfÚŽGEpidemiology 2000 Jul;11(4):406-15@
˜_•¶–¼FThe use of electric bed heaters and the
risk of clinically recognized spontaneous abortion.
“d‹C‰·”Mƒxƒbƒh‚ÌŽg—p‚Æ—Õ°“I‚É”F’肳‚ꂽŽ©‘R—¬ŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN@
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M,
Hiatt RA.
Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Department of Health Services,
Oakland, CA 94612, USA@
ŠT—v@
We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the relation of spontaneous
abortion and electric bed heater use during the first trimester of pregnancy. @
”DPʼn‚Ì‚Rƒ–ŒŽŠÔ‚É“d‹C‰·”Mƒxƒbƒg‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÆŽ©‘R—¬ŽY‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉA‘OŒü‚«‚̃Rƒz[ƒgŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Compared with non-users, rates of spontaneous abortion were lower for@women
who used electric bed heaters.
”ñŽg—pŽÒ‚É”ä‚ׂÄA“d‹C‰·”Mƒxƒbƒg‚ÌŽg—pŽÒ‚ÌŽ©‘R—¬ŽY‚ÌŠ„‡‚Í’á‚©‚Á‚½B@
The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the two major
devices used, electric blankets (N = 524) and waterbeds (N = 796), were,
respectively, 0.8 (95% CI = 0.5-1.1) and 0.9 (95% CI = 0.7-1.2).
ƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Æ‚X‚T%M—Š‹æŠÔ‚ÍA“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌŽg—p‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚Í‚OD‚Wi‚b‚hF‚OD‚T|‚PD‚PjA“d‹C‰·”M…ƒxƒbƒg‚ÌŽg—p‚Å‚Í‚OD‚Wi‚b‚nF‚OD‚V|‚PD‚Pj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@
An increase of risk with increasing intensity (setting-duration combination) of
use was not observed. @
”˜˜I‹“x‚É”º‚¤ƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Users of electric blankets at low settings for most of the night (N = 171) had
lower risks of spontaneous abortion than non-users (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5;
95% CI = 0.3-1.0).
“d‹C–Ñ•z‚ÌÝ’è‚ð’á‚‚µ‚Ä‚ ‚éê‡i‰·“x‚ÌÝ’è‚ð’á‚‚·‚éA‚·‚È‚í‚¿Ž¥ŠE‚È‚Ç‚Ì”¶—Ê‚ª‚È‚¢j‚ÍA”ñŽg—pŽÒ‚É”ä‚ׂăIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚OD‚Ti‚b‚iF‚OD‚R|‚PD‚Oj‚Æ’á‚©‚Á‚½B‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½Ç—ᔂ͂P‚V‚P–¼B
Twenty women who used electric blankets at a high setting for 1 hour or less
had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.0 (95% CI = 1.1-8.3), but we found no
spontaneous abortions among the few women (N = 13) who used a high setting for
2 or more hours.
Ý’è‚ð‚‚‚µ‚ÄAŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ª‚PŽžŠÔ‚©‚»‚êˆÈ‰º‚Ì‚Q‚O–¼‚ð‘ÎÛ‚ÉŒvŽZ‚ðs‚¤‚ÆAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚RD‚Oi‚b‚hF‚PD‚P|‚WD‚Rj‚Æ‚‚©‚Á‚½‚ªAݒ肪‚‚AŽg—pŽžŠÔ‚ª‚QŽžŠÔ‚à‚µ‚‚Í‚»‚êˆÈã‚Ì‚P‚R–¼‚ð‘ÎÛ‚É‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚ÍAŽ©‘R—¬ŽY‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
We found that exposure rankings of the magnetic field time-weighted average and
a rate of change metric did not correspond monotonically to the pattern of
spontaneous abortion risks and that electric blankets contribute less to
overnight time-weighted average magnetic fields than has been thought.@
ŽžŠÔ‰Ád•½‹Ï‚ÌŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I‚ÍŽ©‘R—¬ŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Æ’P’²‚ÈŠÖŒW‚É‚Í‚È‚A“d‹C–Ñ•z‚Í–éŠÔ‚ÌŽžŠÔ‰ÁdŽ¥ŠE”˜˜I•½‹Ï’l‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄAl‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Ù‚Ç‚É‚ÍAŠñ—^—¦‚Í‚‚‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚P‚PD“d‹C‰·”Mƒxƒbƒh‚Æ”DP@‚k‚…‚…‚Ì2002”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†@
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚ð“üŽè@‰¼–ó‚ð‚‚¯‚½@ì¬F@‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚S|‚Q‚R@
Ž¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ—¬ŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‚·A‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰uŠwŒ¤‹†B@
ŒfÚŽFEPIDEMIOLOGY 2002;13:21-31@
˜_•¶–¼FA Nested Case-Control Study of Residential and
Personal Magnetic Field Measures and Miscarriages
ZŠÂ‹«‚¨‚æ‚ÑŒÂl‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚Ö‚Ì–\˜I‚Æ—¬ŽY‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éÇ—á‘ÎÆŒ¤‹†
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFGeraldine M. Lee; Raymond R. Neutra; Lilia
Hristova; Michael Yost; Robert A. Hiatt@
From the Environmental Health Investigations Branch California Department of
Health Services, Oakland, CA;@
ŠT—vF@
We conducted a nested case-control study (177 cases, 550 controls) to assess
the relation between retrospective magnetic field measures and clinical
miscarriage among members of the northern California Kaiser Permanente medical
care system. @
–kƒJƒŠƒtƒHƒ‹ƒjƒA‚̃ƒfƒJƒ‹ƒPƒAƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚̉ïˆõ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒã‚ëŒü‚«‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚Æ—¬ŽY‚ÌŠ¯‰v‚𒲸‚µ‚½AÇ—á‚Í‚P‚V‚VA‘ÎÆ‚Í550‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
We also conducted a prospective substudy of 219
participants of the same parent cohort to determine whether 12-week and 30-week
exposure assessments were similar.
‚³‚ç‚ÉA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‘ÎÛW’c‚©‚çA219–¼‚Ì‹¦—͎҂𓾂ÄA‘OŒü‚«‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B12TŠÔ‚Æ30TŠÔ‚Ì–\˜I•]‰¿Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚Ç‚¤‚È‚é‚©‚ðŒ¤‹†‚µ‚½B@
We evaluated wire codes, area measures, and three personal meter metrics: (1)
the average difference between consecutive levels (a rate-of-change metric),
(2) the maximum level, and (3) the time-weighted average.
ƒƒCƒ„[ƒR[ƒhA’nˆæ‚Ì–\˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹A‚»‚µ‚ÄŒÂl–\˜I‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í•Ï“®‚ÌŠ„‡AÅ‘å’lAŽžŠÔ‚Éd‚Ý•t‚¯‚µ‚½•½‹Ï‚ð•]‰¿Žw•W‚Æ‚µ‚½B
For wire codes and area measures we found little association.
ƒƒCƒ„[ƒR[ƒh‚Æ’nˆæ‚Ì–\˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚Í—¬ŽY‚ÆŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
For the personal metrics (30 weeks after last menstrual period), we found
positive associations.
ŒÂl–\˜IiÅŒã‚ÌŒŽŒo‚©‚ç30TŠÔŒã‚Ì–\˜IƒŒƒxƒ‹j‚ł̓|ƒWƒeƒBƒu‚ÈŠÖŒW‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
Each exposure was divided into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as referent.
–\˜I‹“x‚ð4•ªŠ„‚µAÅ‚à’á‚¢–\˜IŒQ‚ðŽQƃŒƒxƒ‹‚Æ‚µ‚½B
Starting with the highest quartile, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence
intervals were 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6-6.0), 2.3 (95% CI = 1.2-4.4), and 1.5 (95% CI
= 0.8-3.1) for the rate-of-change metric; 2.3 (95% CI = 1.2-4.4), 1.9 (95% CI =
1.0-3.5), and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7-2.8) for the maximum value; and 2.3 (95% CI =
1.2-4.4), 1.9 (95% CI = 1.0-3.5), and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7-2.8)for the
time-weighted average.
‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚̃IƒbƒY”ä‚ÍA‚‚¢–\˜IŒQ‚©‚ç’á‚¢‚Ù‚¤‚ÉŒü‚©‚Á‚Ä‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚΂‚ë‚Ì•Ï“®‚ÌŒƒ‚µ‚³‚Å‚Í3.1 (CIF1.6-6.0), 2.3 (CIF1.2-4.4), 1.5 (CIF 0.8-3.1)@Å‘å’l‚Å‚ÍA2.3 (CIF1.2-4.4), 1.9 (CIF1.0-3.5), 1.4 (CIF0.7-2.8)@ŽžŠÔ‚Åd‚Ý•t‚¯‚µ‚½•½‹Ï’l‚Å‚Í2.3 (CIF1.2-4.4), 1.9 (CI:1.0-3.5), 1.4 (CI: 0.7-2.8)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B@—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚É‚ ‚éB
The odds ratio conveyed by being above a 24-hour time-weighted average of 2
milligauss was 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5-2.1).
24ŽžŠÔ‚ÌŽžŠÔ‚Éd‚Ý•t‚¯‚µ‚½•½‹Ï–\˜I‚Å‚Qƒ~ƒŠƒKƒEƒX‚ð’´‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í1.0iCI:0.5-2.1j‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Exposure assessment measurements at 12 weeks were poorly correlated with those
taken at 30 weeks.
12TŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚ÆA30TŠÔ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I•]‰¿‚Å‚Í‘ŠŠÖ‚ª‚Æ‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B@
Nonetheless, the prospective substudy results
regarding miscarriage risk were consistent with the nested study results.
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‚Sj@‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽÀ‘ª’l‚©‚çA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚©‚ç˜R‰k‚·‚éƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“d”g‚Ì‹‚³‚ÍA‚P‚‚Ì’n“_‚ÅÅ‘å‚Å‚P‚R‚T‚„‚aƒÊ‚ui‚T‚u^‚j’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAŒ¾‚¦‚éB@@ŒÃ‚¢ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚àŋ߂̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚à˜R‰k‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚Í•Ï‚í‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚éB
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‚Ü‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚½ê‡‚Í‚T‚O‚u^‚‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½‘å‚«‚È“dŠE‹“x‚É‚È‚èA‚±‚ꂾ‚¯‘å‚«‚¢‚ƊȈՓI‚È’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‘ª’èŠí‚È‚Ç‚Å‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚̉e‹¿‚Ō듮삷‚é‰Â”\«‚à‚Å‚Ä‚‚éB
ƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚̂݉¼–ó@@ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚U|‚P‚S@
˜_•¶–¼FAssociation between Chi1dhood Acute
Lymphob1astic Leukemia and Use of E1ectrica1 App1iances during Pregnancy and
Chi1dhood
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFE.E. Hatch et al;
ŒfÚŽGEpidemiology 1998;9:Z34-Z45
ŠT—v
As part of a comprehensive study of residential magnetic field exposure in nine
mid-western and mid-Atlantic states, we evaluated the use of appliances by 640
patients with acute lymphoblastic Leukemia, O-14 years of age, diagnosed
between 1989 and 1993, and 640 matched control children.
ƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚Ì9‚ÌB‚Ås‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éZŠÂ‹«‰º‚É‚¨‚¯‚鎥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̈êŠÂ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é“d‹C‹@Ší‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚𒲸‚µ‚½B‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•ai‚`‚k‚kj‚ÌŠ³ŽÒ640–¼i1989”N‚©‚ç1993”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ÄA0-14΂Ŕ’ŒŒ•a‚ÆŽ‡f’f‚³‚ꂽƒP[ƒXj‚Æ640–¼‚Ì‘ÎÆ‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½B
Mothers were interviewed regarding use of electrical appliances during their
pregnancy with the subjects and the child's postnatal use.
Žq‹Ÿ‚Ì•êe‚ɃCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚µA”DPŠúŠÔ‚Ì“d‹C‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pó‘ÔAŽq‹Ÿ‚Ì“d‹C‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—pó‘Ԃ𒲸‚µ‚½B
The risk of acute 1ymphoblastic leukemia was elevated in children whose mothers
reported use of an electric blanket or mattress pad during pregnancy [odds
ratio (OR) = 1.59; 95%confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-2.29] but was reduced for
use of sewing machines during pregnancy (OR = O.76; 95% CI = 0.59-0.98).
•êe‚ª”DP’†‚É“d‹C–Ñ•z‚âƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ÆA‚`‚k‚k‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ª‘‘å‚·‚éAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚Í‚PD‚T‚Xi‚X‚T“‚b‚hF‚PD‚P‚P|‚QD‚Q‚XjB‚µ‚©‚µƒ~ƒVƒ“‚ÌŽg—p‚̓ŠƒXƒN‚ð‰º‚°‚Ä‚¢‚éAƒIƒbƒY”ä‚OD‚V‚Ui‚X‚T“‚b‚hF‚OD‚T‚X|‚OD‚X‚WjB
The risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was Increased with children's use of
electric blankets or mattress pad [0R = 2.75; 95%CI = 1.52-4.98) and three
other electrical appliances (hair dryers, video machines in arcades, and video
games connected to a television), but the patterns of risk for duration in
years of use and frequency of use were inconsistent for most appliances used by
children.
Žq‹Ÿ‚ª“d‹C–Ñ•z‚âƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½ê‡‚Ì‚`‚k‚k‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚Í2.75”{i‚X‚T“‚b‚hF‚PD‚T‚Q|‚SD‚X‚Wj‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚»‚Ì‘¼‚Ì“d‹C‹@ŠíiƒwƒAƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ„AƒQ[ƒ€ƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚ł̃rƒfƒIƒQ[ƒ€A‰Æ’ë‚ł̃eƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“‚ł̃rƒfƒIƒQ[ƒ€j‚àƒŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰ÁA‚µ‚©‚µAŽg—p‚Ì•p“x‚âŽg—p”N”‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Í–¾Šm‚Å‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Risks rose with increasing number of hours per day children spent watching
television, but risks were similar regardless of the visual distance from the
television.
Žq‹Ÿ‚ªƒeƒŒƒr‚ðŒ©‚éŽžŠÔ‚ª’·‚¢‚ƃŠƒXƒN‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBƒeƒŒƒrƒWƒ‡ƒ“‚ÌŽ‹‹——£‚Í‹ß‚‚ÅŒ©‚Ä‚àA—£‚ê‚Ä‚Ý‚Ä‚àƒŠƒXƒN‚Ì’ö“x‚Í“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The inconsistency in the dose-response patterns for many appliances, reporting
and selection bias, and the lack of an effect for measured 60 Hertz magnetic
fields or wire codes in our companion study must be considered before ascribing
these associations to exposures from magnetic fields.
‘½‚‚Ì‹@ŠíŽg—p‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é—Ê\”½‰žŠÖŒW‚Ì•sŠm‚©‚³A‘I‘ðƒoƒCƒAƒXA‹@Ší‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ÌŽÀ‘ª‚ªˆ×‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚È‚Ç‚ÍA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚Æ‚Á‚ÄA¡Œã‚̉ۑè‚Å‚ ‚éB
@‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
NIH News Release
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH@@National
Cancer Institute
EMBARGOED FOR
RELEASE@Monday, April 20, 1998@6:00 PM Eastern Time@NCI Press Office@(301) 496-6641
1998”N4ŒŽ20“ú@ƒAƒƒŠƒJE‘—§‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†Š@•ñ“¹”•\
Magnetic Fields Associated With Electrical Appliances Are Considered@Unlikely@To Increase the
Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ͬŽ™‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•a‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚Í‚¢‚¦‚È‚¢B
Several investigators from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released a
report in the May issue of Epidemiology*
concluding that it is unlikely that magnetic fields from household electrical
appliances increase a child's chance of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL).
5ŒŽ†‚̉uŠwŽ‚ÉA‘—§‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†Š‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍA‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É‚æ‚鬎™”’ŒŒ•ai‹}«ƒŠƒ“ƒp«”’ŒŒ•aFALLj‚̃ŠƒXƒN‘‰Á‚ÍA‚ ‚è‚»‚¤‚à‚È‚¢A‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½”•\i’‚Pj‚ðs‚Á‚½B
ALL accounts for 70 percent to 80 percent of all childhood leukemias and
one-third of all childhood cancers in the
ALL‚ͬŽ™”’ŒŒ•a‚Ì70-80%‚ðè‚ßA‚Ü‚½A‘S¬Ž™‚ªƒ“‚Ì3•ª‚Ì‚P‚ðè‚ß‚éB
Only a small percentage of cases of ALL have a known cause.
ALL‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ÍA‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‚í‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
Beginning in 1979, some studies suggested that magnetic fields (EMFs) may
increase the risk for ALL while others have found no evidence for risk.
‚P‚X‚V‚X”NˆÈ—ˆA‚ ‚錤‹†‚ÍŽ¥ŠEi“dŽ¥”gj‚ªALL‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚ÆA‚Ü‚½ˆê•û‚Å‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ªƒŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Ø‹’‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚«‚½B
EMFs are produced by power lines, electrical wiring and household electrical
appliances.
“dŽ¥ŠE‚ÍA‘—“düA”z“düA‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç•úŽË‚³‚ê‚éB
Researchers from NCI in collaboration with the Children's Cancer Group (CCG), a
network of pediatric oncologists and other researchers across the U.S.,
published an earlier report** in July 1997 that showed little evidence that the
EMF from high current power lines or from high levels of magnetic fields
measured in the home were associated with an increased risk of ALL in children.
‘—§‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†Š‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍA‘S•Ä‚̬Ž™‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚¨‚æ‚ÑŠÖ˜A‚·‚錤‹†ŽÒ‚̃lƒbƒgƒ[ƒN‚Å‚ ‚鬎™‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†ƒOƒ‹[ƒviCCGj‚Æ‹¤‚ÉA1997”N7ŒŽ‚ÉŒ¤‹†¬‰Êi’‚Qj‚ð”•\‚µ‚½B‚»‚ê‚ÍA‘—“dü‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥ŠE‚â‰Æ’ë‚Å‘ª’肳‚ꂽ‚‚¢Ž¥ŠE‹“x‚ͬŽ™”’ŒŒ•aALL‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠmØ‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
The current study, also a collaboration between NCI and CCG, is the first large
study of childhood ALL and electrical appliances.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA‘—§‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†Š‚ÆCCG‚Ì‹¦—Í‚Ås‚í‚ꂽAʼn‚ÌA‘å‹K–Í‚ÈA‰Æ“d»•i‚ƬŽ™”’ŒŒ•aALL‚Æ‚ÌŠÖŒW‚Ì’²¸‚Å‚ ‚éB
The researchers compared the exposure to household electrical appliances of 640
children diagnosed with ALL to the exposure of 640 matched controlsEchildren of the
same age, race and place of residence without the disease. (The same cases and
controls were used in the two NCI/CCG studies).
640–¼‚ÌALL‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽǗá‚ÆA”N—îE«EŽíEZ‹’nˆæ‚ðƒ}ƒbƒ`‚³‚¹‚½640–¼‚Ì‘ÎƂɑ΂µ‚ÄA‰×“d»•i‚ÌŽg—pó‹µi”˜˜Ió‹µj‚ð”äŠr‚µ‚½B
The data are based on the mothers' responses to a detailed questionnaire about
their appliance use during pregnancy as well as their child's use.
•êe‚ւ̃Cƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚É‚æ‚èA•êe‚̉Ɠd‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—p󋵂Ǝq‹Ÿ‚ÌŽg—p󋵂ðA“üŽè‚µ‚½B
TVs, electric blankets, microwaves, hair dryers, stereo systems, heating pads
and computers were some of the appliances included in the study.
ƒeƒŒƒrA“d‹C–Ñ•zA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWAƒwƒAƒhƒ‰ƒCƒ„AƒXƒeƒŒƒIAƒpƒ\ƒRƒ“‚È‚Ç‚ª–{Œ¤‹†‚Ì‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
No measurements were taken of magnetic fields associated with the actual
appliances used.
ŽÀÛ‚ÌŽ¥ŠE˜R‰k‚È‚Ç‚Ís‚í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
The authors were unable to draw a clear conclusion from the data.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃f[ƒ^‚©‚ç–¾Šm‚ÈŒ‹˜_‚ðo‚·‚±‚Æ‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Although the data showed some association between appliance use and leukemia,
there was no consistent pattern of increasing risk with increasing exposures.
‚¢‚‚‚©‚Ì‹@ŠíŽg—p‚Í”’ŒŒ•a‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªAŽg—pi”˜˜Ij‚Ì‘‰Á‚ƃŠƒXƒN‚Ì‘‰Á‚̈ê’肵‚½ŠÖ˜A«‚ª‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
The scientists speculate that the magnetic fields from electrical appliances
are unlikely to increase the risk of childhood ALL.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍA‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ª¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•aALL‚̃ŠƒXƒN‚ð‘‰Á‚·‚é‚Æ‚ÍŽv‚¦‚È‚¢A‚Æ„‘ª‚µ‚½B
The contribution of home appliances to a person's total EMF exposure is thought
to be small because most appliances are used for short periods of time and EMF
exposures are elevated only close to the appliance.
‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE‚ªAŒÂl‚Ì‘SŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚Éè‚߂銄‡‚ͬ‚³‚¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éA‚È‚º‚È‚ç‚Γd‹C‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—p‚Í’ZŽžŠÔ‚Å‚ ‚èA‹@Ší‚É‹ßÚ‚µ‚½ê‡‚É‚Ì‚Ý‘å‚«‚ÈŽ¥ŠE‚ðŽó‚¯‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
It is more difficult to assess the contribution of appliances to EMF exposures
than that of power lines and building wiring.
‘—“dü‚â”z“dü‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‰Æ“d»•i‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ¥ŠE–\˜I‚ÌŠñ—^—¦‚Ì•]‰¿‚͓‚¢B
This is because for each appliance, the magnetic field varies greatly with
distance, and frequently neither the distance of the person from the appliance
nor how often an appliance is on or off can be reconstructed accurately from
interviews.
Ž¥ŠE‚Í‹@Ší‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚Å‘å‚«‚•Ï‚í‚èA‹@Ší‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í‚È‚A•p“x‚àˆÙ‚È‚éA“dŒ¹‚ð‚Ç‚Ì‚‚ç‚¢ƒIƒ“EƒIƒt‚·‚é‚©‚È‚ÇAƒCƒ“ƒ^ƒrƒ…[‚É‚æ‚éî•ñ‚©‚糊m‚É•]‰¿‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í¢“ï‚Å‚ ‚éB
These preliminary findings are part of a more comprehensive study being
conducted by the CCG looking for possible causes of childhood ALL.
‚±‚Ì—\”õ“I‚Ȭ‰Ê‚ÍA¬Ž™”’ŒŒ•aALL‚ÌŒ´ˆö‰ð–¾‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÌCCG‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä¡Œãs‚í‚ê‚é‚Å‚ ‚낤–{Ši“I‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚̈ꕔ‚Æ‚È‚éB
In the larger study, many risk factors other than EMF are being evaluated in
more than 1,900 children diagnosed with ALL between 1989 and 1993.
1989”N‚©‚ç1993”N‚É‚©‚¯‚ÄALL‚Æf’f‚³‚ꂽ1900–¼‚ÌÇ—á‚ð‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚½‘å‹K–Í‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA“dŽ¥ŠEˆÈŠO‚̃ŠƒXƒN—vˆö‚à•]‰¿‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
These include exposures of children to infectious agents in the home or
neighborhood, exposures of parents to radiation or chemicals at work,
medications used by the mother during pregnancy, alcohol use, and lifestyle of
the parents. Results are expected in two years.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì—vˆö‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‰Æ’ë‚â‹ß—ׂł̊´õ•ai“`õ•aj‚Ì—vˆöAe‚Ì•úŽËü‚âE‹Æ“I‚ȉ»Šw•¨Ž¿‚̉e‹¿A•êe‚Ì”DP’†‚̈ã–ò•i‚̉e‹¿AƒAƒ‹ƒR[ƒ‹ˆù—¿A—¼e‚̃‰ƒCƒtƒXƒ^ƒCƒ‹‚̉e‹¿‚È‚Ç‚Å‚ ‚èAŒ¤‹†‚Í“ñ”N“x‚É‚Ü‚Æ‚Ü‚é—\’è‚Å‚ ‚éB
For more information about cancer visit NCI's Website for patients, public and
the mass media at http://rex.nci.nih.gov or NCI's main website at
http://www.nci.nih.gov.
‚³‚ç‚ÉÚׂÈî•ñ‚Í‘—§‚ªƒ“Œ¤‹†Š‚ÌWEB‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
–––––––––––
’‚PF
*The study is titled "Association Between Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia and Use of Electrical Appliances During Pregnancy and Childhood."
The authors are Elizabeth E. Hatch, Martha S. Linet, et al: Epidemiology,
May 1998.
’‚QF
**The study is titled "Residential Magnetic Field Exposures and Childhood
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." The authors are Martha S. Linet, Elizabeth
E. Hatch@et al: NEJM, July 3, 1997.
14€‚ÅANIH‚Ì•ñ“¹”•\‚ÌŠT—v‚ð•ñ‚µ‚Ü‚µ‚½‚ªAŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ÄAQ&A‚Æ‚µ‚Ä@ˆÈ‰º‚Ì•¶‘‚à”•\‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B
’·•¶‚È‚Ì‚ÅAˆê•”‚¾‚¯@‰¼–󂵂܂µ‚½B
ì¬F‚Q‚O‚O‚R|‚V|‚S@
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496-6641
Questions and Answers
About the NCI/CCG Study of the Magnetic Fields Associated With@Electrical Appliances and
the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
7. What conclusions can be drawn from the results?
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Although the results from this study are preliminary, the authors tentatively
conclude that magnetic fields from electrical appliances are unlikely to
increase the risk of childhood ALL.
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Further detailed studies with measurements would be needed to determine whether
the findings, if replicated, could represent any effects of magnetic field
exposure.
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This conclusion is based on several factors: A major factor is the failure to
see a consistent pattern of increasing risk with increasing exposures for most
of the appliances.
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In addition, the results for television were similar regardless of the child's
distance from the TV, suggesting that other factors associated with TV use (not
magnetic fields) may have been responsible for this result.
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Preliminary findings from a small study that measured actual magnetic field
levels at varying distances from TVs found that magnetic fields are nearly the
same as@background
levels at distances of more than three or four feet from television sets.
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As the proportion of US households with a television increased from 9 percent
to 95 percent between 1950 and 1970, whereas there was no corresponding
increase in childhood leukemia rates during this time period, suggesting that
television watching is unlikely to be a causal factor.
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Children's exposure to other electrical appliances has also increased
dramatically over the last 50 years.
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Finally, the companion study with the same cases and controls, failed to find
consistent evidence based on measurements and wire coding (an indirect measure
of magnetic fields based on the thickness, configuration, and distance from the
home of nearby power lines) that high magnetic fields levels in the home
(produced mainly by outside power lines) increase the risk for ALL.
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U.S. Television Sets Used for Viewing Programs and Playing Video Games
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Is Induction Cooking Ready to Go Mainstream?@IH’²—Ší‚ÍŽå—¬‚É‚È‚é‚©H
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http://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/13/03/p3457434/induction-hobs-market-new-market-research-report-published-by-transpare
‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚©‚çBˆê•”‚𔲈‚µ‚Ĉø—p
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Induction Hobs Market – New Market Research Report
Published by Transparency@Market Research @
IH’²—Ší‚ÌŽsê\Transparency Market ResearchŽÐ‚ÌV‚µ‚¢Žsê’²¸•ñ‘‚ª”s‚³‚ꂽB
March 29, 2013
gHousehold Induction Cook-tops (Hobs)Market - Global
Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2012 – 2018@‰Æ’ë—pIH’²—Ší‚ÌŽsêF2012-2018”N‚Ì‘S¢ŠE‚É‚¨‚¯‚éŽY‹Æ‰ðÍA‹K–ÍAƒVƒFƒAA¬’·AŒXŒüA“W–]"‚ªŠ§s‚³‚ꂽB
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–‚³‚ÄA‚±‚̘b‚Í–{“–‚©A¡‚Å‚à‚»‚¤‚µ‚½‹K§‚ªƒƒVƒA‚Ås‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©EEEEE@ŠÖS‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA‚È‚©‚È‚©ŠÖ˜A‚·‚éî•ñ‚Í“¾‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
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1ŽŸî•ñ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA–{“–‚ÉM—Š‚µ‚Ä—Ç‚¢î•ñ‚È‚Ì‚©A”»’f‚É–À‚¤“_‚Í‚ ‚邪AŽQlî•ñ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŒfÚ‚µ‚Ü‚·B
2011”N8ŒŽ‚Ìî•ñ‚Å‚·B
http://www.apparentlyapparel.com/2/post/2011/08/why-did-russia-ban-the-use-of-microwave-ovens.html
@‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
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Why
Did Russia Ban The Use of Microwave Ovens?@‚È‚ºƒƒVƒA‚Å‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚ª‹ÖŽ~‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚©H
08/18/2011
In
Russia, microwave ovens were banned in 1976 because of their negative health
consequences as many studies were conducted on their use.
The ban was lifted after Perestroika in the early 90fs
ƒƒVƒAi‹Œƒ\˜Aj‚Å‚ÍA1976”N‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚ª–@—¥‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‹ÖŽ~‚³‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B
——R‚Í—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚ÅŒ’N‚ɉA«Œ‹‰Êiˆ«‚¢Œ‹‰Êj‚ª”»‚Á‚½‚©‚ç‚Å‚·B
‚±‚Ì‹K§‚ÍA1990”N‘㉓ª‚̃yƒŒƒXƒgƒƒCƒJŒã‚ɉ𜂳‚ꂽB
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‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÅA‚Æ‚è‚ ‚¦‚¸‚̓ƒVƒA‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‹K§‚͉𜂳‚ꂽA‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Ì—l‚Å‚·B
’Ç‹L1FƒƒVƒAŒê”ÅWikipedia‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì•Å‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚©‚ç
2016-2-27
ˆÈ‰º‚̓ƒVƒAŒê”Å‚ÌWikipeida‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì•Å‚©‚çA‹@ŠB‰p–ó‚µA‚»‚ê‚ð˜a–󂵂Ă ‚è‚Ü‚·B
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25 on October 1955 the year the American company «Tappan Company» for the first
time introduced a domestic microwave oven.
1955”N10ŒŽ25“úAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚̉ïŽÐTappan‚ª‰Æ’ë—p“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ð‰‚ß‚ÄŽsê“Š“ü‚µ‚½B
The first serial domestic microwave oven was released Japanese firm Sharp in
1962. Initially, the new product demand has been low.
ʼn‚ÌAŒp‘±‚µ‚Ä”„‚ç‚ꂽ‰Æ’ë—p“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA1962”N‚É“ú–{‚̃Vƒƒ[ƒv‚ª”Ì”„ŠJŽn‚µ‚½‚ªA‚±‚ÌV»•i‚ÌŽù—v‚Í’á‚©‚Á‚½B
In the Soviet Union since the early '80s microwaves produced in factories ZIL
(model "ZIL") and Southern Machine Building Plant (model "Mriya
CF"). Tambov plant "Elektropribor"
("Electronics" model): Dnipro Machine Building Plant, Lenin (DMZ)
produced "Dnepryanka1" (1990, 32 liters, the magnetron M1051, the
power consumption of 1300 watts, the microwave power is 600 watts, weight 41kg,
the price of 350 rubles) and "Dnepryanka
2".
ƒ\ƒrƒGƒg˜A–M‚Å‚ÍA1980”N‘ã‚̉“ª‚ÉAZILHꂪZILŒ^“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðA“ì‹@ŠB»‘¢HꂪMriya CFŒ^“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚𻑢ŠJŽn‚µ‚½B
TanbovHê‚ÍuElektropriborv‚ðADnipro‹@ŠB»‘¢H‹Æ‚̃Œ[ƒjƒ“Hê(DMZ)‚ªDnepryanka1i1990”NA32ƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹Aƒ}ƒOƒlƒgƒƒ“‚ÍM1051Œ`AÁ”ï“d—Í1300WAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”go—Í600WAd—Ê41kgA‰¿Ši‚Í350ƒ‹[ƒuƒ‹j‚ÆDnepryanka 2‚𻑢‚µ‚½B
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ƒ\˜A‚̃yƒŒƒXƒgƒƒCƒJ‚ƌĂ΂ê‚é‰üŠv‰^“®‚ÍAƒSƒ‹ƒoƒ`ƒ‡ƒt‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA1985”NˆÈ~‚És‚í‚ê‚Í‚¶‚ßA1987”N‚̃ƒVƒAŠv–½70Žü”N‚ð‹L”O‚·‚éŒRŽ–ƒpƒŒ[ƒh‚ÅAƒyƒŒƒXƒgƒƒCƒJ‚ª‘å‚«‚Žæ‚èã‚°‚ç‚ꂽB
]‚Á‚ÄAƒƒVƒAŒê”ÅWikipeida‚Ì‹Lq‚ª³‚µ‚¢‚Æ‚·‚ê‚ÎAƒ\˜A‚̃yƒŒƒXƒgƒƒCƒJ‚ªŽn‚܂邵‘O‚Ì1980”N‘㉓ª‚É‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ª»‘¢‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
u1976”N‚ɃƒVƒA‚Å“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‹ÖŽ~AƒyƒŒƒXƒgƒƒCƒJˆÈ~‚É‹ÖŽ~‚ª‰ðœ‚³‚ꂽv‚Æ‚¢‚¤à‚É‚ÍA–µ‚‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
–’Ç‹L2F@ƒ\˜A‚Ì–@‹K§‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚·‚éƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚Ìê–å‰Æ‚Ì’²¸Œ‹‰Ê
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚Q‚P
ˆÈ‰º‚̓AƒƒŠƒJ‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†Š‚̃tƒH[ƒ‰ƒ€‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ÅAê–å‰Æ‚ª‰ß‹Ž‚Ì—š—ð‚©‚ç”»’f‚µ‚ÄAƒƒVƒA‚ª“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰\‚Í^ŽÀ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
https://impiorg.wordpress.com/2012/06/13/did-russia-ban-microwave-ovens-at-some-point-in-the-past/@
‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚ɉ¼–ó‚ð’ljÁ‚µ‚½B
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impiorg
INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE POWER INSTITUTEʹS FORUM FOR
MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY DISCUSSION
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‹Zp‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é“¢˜_‚ׂ̈̑ۃ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“d—ÍŒ¤‹†Š‚̃tƒH[ƒ‰ƒ€
Did Russia ban microwave ovens at some point in the past?
ƒƒVƒA‚͉ߋŽ‚Ì‚ ‚鎞Šú‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ð–@‹K§‚µ‚½‚©H
2/27/2016
There Was No Ban on Microwave Ovens in the USSR.
ƒ\˜A‚Å‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
In the last issue, Bob Schiffmann stated that the gRussians
did for some short period of time ban the sale of microwave ovensh.
‘O†‚ÅBob Schiffmann‚ÍuƒƒVƒA‚Å‚Í‚ ‚é’ZŠúŠÔ‚ÌŠÔA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̔̔„‚ð–@‹K§‚µ‚½v‚Æq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
I believe this is not true and in the following I present ample evidence
supporting my belief.
Ž„‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚Í^ŽÀ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ÆM‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚»‚µ‚Ĉȉº‚ÉŽ„‚ÍŽ„‚ªM‚¸‚é\•ª‚ÈŠmØ‚ðŽ¦‚·B
I have been intimately involved with microwave ovens since 1968 and I have in
my extensive historical coverage of the field cited evidence of development of
microwave ovens in the USSR in the 1970fs, including a
brochure on gA super-high‑frequency ovenh in 1971, an ad for the gElectronikah oven in 1980 and discussions with Soviet scientists on ovens in
1977.
Ž„‚Í1968”NˆÈ—ˆAS‚Ì’ê‚©‚ç“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚©‚©‚í‚Á‚Ä‚«‚½B
‚»‚µ‚ÄA1970”N‘ã‚̃\˜A‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì”“W‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ĉø—p‚³‚ê‚éŠmØ‚ÌL”͂ȉߋŽ‚Ì‹L˜^‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚»‚ê‚É‚ÍA1971”N‚Ì’´‚Žü”g“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌûŽq‚âA1980”N‚ÌElectronika‚Æ‚¢‚¤“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌLA1977”N‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ă\˜A‚̉ȊwŽÒ‚Æ‚Ì“¢˜_‚Ì‹L˜^‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
But the evidence is even much more extensive and so I present here a record of
the many events that support the idea that microwave ovens never were banned in
the USSR.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŠmØ‚Í‚æ‚èL”Í‚Å‚ ‚邪Aƒ\˜A‚É’u‚¢‚Ä“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ªŒˆ‚µ‚Ä–@‹K§‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚·‘½‚‚Ìo—ˆŽ–‚Ì‹L˜^‚ð‚±‚±‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
Key events:@d—v‚È—v‘f
1969: Dr Karel Marha, of Czechoslovakia, presents paper at the 1969 Richmond symposium on microwave bio-effects and visits Raytheon Co.
1969”NFƒ`ƒFƒRƒXƒƒoƒLƒA‚ÌKarel
Marha”ŽŽm‚ÍA1969”Nƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚郊ƒbƒ`ƒ‚ƒ“ƒhƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚Åu‰‰‚µARaytheonŽÐ‚ð–K–₵‚½B
‚ge
prepared an affidavit that describes how leakage radiation is monitored near
microwave ovens in Czechoslovakia, –at a horizontal
distance of at least 25 cm. from the oven door and at the height of the head
and gonads.
”Þ‚ÍAƒ`ƒFƒRƒXƒƒoƒLƒA‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚©‚ç‚Ì“dŽ¥”g˜R‰k‚ª”@‰½‚ÉŠÇ—‚̃hƒA‚©‚ç…•½25cm‚Ì‹——£‚ÆA“ª•”‚ƶBŠí‚Ì‚‚³‚Åj‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä龋Ÿq‘‚ð€”õ‚µ‚½B‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©i“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW
He contributes a paper describing safety considerations in gEastern Europeh for the special issue of the
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques in 1971 for which I was
guest editor.
No mention of bans ever came from Dr. Marha.
”Þ‚Í1971”N‚É”s‚³‚ꂽIEEE‚ÌTransactions on Microwave Theory & TechniquesŽ‚Ì“ÁW†‚ÅA“Œ‰¢”‘‚̈À‘SŠÇ—‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄA‹Lq‚µ‚½B
Ž„‚Í‚±‚̆‚Ì‹qˆõ•ÒWŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B‚±‚Ì‹LŽ–‚Å‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚É‚ÍG‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
1973: At the IMPI symposium in Loughborough, in the U.K. there were extensive
discussions on the safety of microwave ovens and Dr. P. Czerski, of Poland
agreed with me at the podium that the U.S. gemission
standardh for microwave ovens was compatible with exposure
standards in Eastern Europe, and therefore there was no reason why ovens with
leakage limits as in the U.S. would not be acceptable in the Eastern European
countries..
1973”NF‰p‘‚ÌLoughborough‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽIMPIƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚ÅA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̈À‘S«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éL”Í‚È‹c˜_‚ªs‚í‚ꂽB
’dã‚Ń|[ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ÌP. Czerski”ŽŽm‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌçtŽË‹KŠi‚Í“Œ‰¢”‘‚Ì”˜˜IŠî€‚Æ“™‰¿‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŽ„‚ƈӌ©‚̈ê’v‚ð‚Ý‚½B
‚»‚µ‚ÄAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌçtŽËŠî€‚ª“Œ‰¢”‘‚Ŏ󂯓ü‚ê‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢——R‚Í‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
These views were also included in a symposium in Poland which Dr. P. Czerski
chaired. My contact with Dr. Czerski was extensive including a visit by him to
my home with many hours of stimulating discussions.
‚±‚ÌŒ©Ž¯‚ÍP. Czerski”ŽŽm‚ª‹c’·‚𖱂߂½ƒ|[ƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚Å‚àЉ‚ꂽB
Ž„‚ÆP. Czerski”ŽŽm‚̘A—‚ÍL”͂ɂ킽‚èAŽ„‚̉Ƃɔނª—ˆ‚ÄA‰½ŽžŠÔ‚à‚̈ӌ©ŒðŠ·‚ðs‚Á‚½‚肵‚Ä‚¢‚éB
1976: IMPI symposium in Belgium—no reports of a ban on
microwave ovens in the USSR.
1976”NFƒxƒ‹ƒM[‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽIMPIƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚ÅAƒ\˜A‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
1970fs: In the world of international frequency
allocations it is known that in the USSR there is the ISM band at 2.375 GHz for
microwave ovens. But at the 1979 World Administrative Conference the USSR
agreed to move the ISM band to 2.45 GHz making the 2.45 GHz band recognized
throughout the world.
1970”N‘ãF‘ÛŽü”g””z•ª‚Ì‹Æ–±‚Ì’†‚ÅAƒ\˜A‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ׂ̈É2.375GHz‚ðISMƒoƒ“ƒh‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
‚»‚µ‚ÄA1979”N‚Ì¢ŠE–³üŠÇ—’¡‰ï‹ciBEMSJ’FŠe‘‚ÅŽg—p‚·‚é–³üŽü”g”‚Ì”z•ª‚ðŒˆ‚ß‚é‰ï‹cj‚ÅAƒ\˜A‚Í2.45GHz‚ð¢ŠE‹¤’Ê‚ÌISMƒoƒ“ƒh‚ɈÚs‚·‚邱‚ƂɇˆÓ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
1977: At the IMPI symposium (I believe in Minneapolis) I had extensive
discussions with Drs. Los and Dumansky from the
Ukraine. No mention of any ban on ovens.
1977”NFƒ~ƒlƒAƒ|ƒŠƒX‚ÅŠJÂƋL‰¯‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪AIMPIƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚ÅŽ„‚̓EƒNƒ‰ƒCƒi‚©‚ç‚«‚½Los”ŽŽm‚ÆDumansky”ŽŽm‚ÆL”͂Ȉӌ©ŒðŠ·‚ðs‚Á‚½‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ă͉½‚à˜_‹y‚ª–³‚©‚Á‚½B
1977; 1979; At conferences on microwave bioeffects in Airlie , Virginia and
Seattle, WA extensive discussions are held with scientists and engineers from
the USSR and no hint of an oven ban is ever mentioned.
1977”N‚Æ1979”NFƒo[ƒWƒjƒAB‚ÅŠJÃA‚Ü‚½ƒƒVƒ“ƒgƒ“B‚̃VƒAƒgƒ‹‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÌŒ’N‰e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰ï‹c‚ÅAƒ\˜A‚©‚ç‚«‚½‰ÈŠwŽÒ‚Æ‹ZpŽÒ‚ÆL”͂Ȉӌ©‚ÌŒðŠ·‚ðs‚Á‚½‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‚悤‚Șb‚ÍŠF–³‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
~1980: I had extensive discussions with a celebrated engineer, who had defected
from the USSR, on microwave technology in the USSR—both
at Raytheon and in Washington, D. C. where he lived.—no
mention of a ban on ovens.
1980”NˆÈ~Fƒ\˜A‚©‚ç—£’E‚µ‚½—L–¼‚È‹ZpŽÒ‚ÆAƒŒƒCƒZƒIƒ“ŽÐ‚ÅA‚Ü‚½”Þ‚ªZ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚½ƒƒVƒ“ƒgƒ“‚c‚b‚ÅAŽ„‚ÍL”͂Ȉӌ©‚ÌŒðŠ·‚ðs‚Á‚½‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‰½‚ç‚̘_‹y‚à‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
1980fs –the presentFI attended many meetings of the Bioelectromagnetics
Society where scientists from Eastern Europe were often present. Never did I
hear about a ban on microwave ovens.
1980”N‘ã‚©‚猻݂܂ÅFŽ„‚Í“Œ‰¢”‘‚©‚ç‚̉ȊwŽÒ‚ªŽQ‰Á‚·‚鶑̓dŽ¥”gŠw‰ï‚ÌŠô‘½‚̉ÉoÈ‚µ‚½‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA‰½‚à•·‚‚±‚Æ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
~1995: At both the IMPI symposium and a conference on crossed-field tubes at
the University of Michigan there was evidence of microwave oven development in
Russia but no mention of a ban.
1995”NˆÈ~Fƒ~ƒVƒKƒ“‘åŠw‚ÅŠJ³‚ꂽŒð·“dŽ¥ŠEŒ^^‹óŠÇ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éIMPIƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚Ɖï‹c‚Ì—¼•û‚ÅAƒƒVƒA‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì”“W‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ªA–@‹K§‚É‚ÍG‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
—1968 – the present; I have
attended almost all of the IMPI symposia. Even though many of the attendees are
from Europe—e.g. Per Risman, never have I heard at an
IMPI meeting the rumor that ovens were banned in the USSR.
1968”N‚©‚猻݂܂ÅFŽ„‚Í–w‚Ç‘S‚Ä‚ÌIMPIƒVƒ“ƒ|ƒWƒEƒ€‚ÉŽQ‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Per Risman‚Ȃǂ̉¢B‚©‚ç‚Í‘½”‚ÌŽQ‰ÁŽÒ‚ª‚ ‚邪AIMPI‚̉Ń\˜A‚ª“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰\‚ÍA‚Ü‚Á‚½‚•·‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
1980fs to the present; Many contacts with
representatives of magnetron suppliers in Russia, including Istok/Svetlana;
with no mention of an oven ban
1980”N‚©‚猻݂܂ÅFIstok/Svetlana‚È‚Ç‚ðŠÜ‚ÞƒƒVƒA‚̃}ƒOƒlƒgƒƒ“»‘¢‰ïŽÐ‚Ì‘ã•\‚ÆŠô‘½‚ÌÚG‚ª‚ ‚邪A“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚É‚ÍŒ¾‹y‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
In addition to my experience I asked two people who visited the USSR many times
in the last 40 years and they both report never hearing of a ban on microwave
ovens while in the USSR—cf. Prof. A.W. Guy who made at
least 12 trips and Ric Tell (of EPA fame) who made several trips.
Ž„‚ÌŒoŒ±‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAŽ„‚ÍA‰ß‹Ž40”NŠÔ‚ɂ킽‚Á‚Ä”‘½‚ƒ\˜A‚ð–K–₵‚Ä‚¢‚é2–¼‚Ì•û‚É•·‚¢‚½‚ªA—¼–¼‹¤‚Ƀ\˜A‚Å“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ªs‚í‚ꂽ‚±‚Æ‚Í•·‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éAGuy‹³Žö‚Í‚È‚‚Æ‚à12‰ñATellŽ‚Í‘½‚‚̉ñ”Aƒ\˜A‚És‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
As cited above, we in Raytheon were able to procure and test the gElectronikah oven.
It operated at 2.45 GHz and showed leakage values between 0.5 and 1.0 mW/cm2—i.e. good enough to pass the FDA emission standard even though never
legally processed for imports. It is interesting to read the ad (translation)
for this oven in the Russian gEconomic Newsh in the Spring of 1980.
ˆÈã‚Éq‚ׂ½‚悤‚ÉA‰äX‚̓AƒƒŠƒJ‚̃ŒƒCƒZƒIƒ“‚É‹‚ÄAƒ\˜A»‚ÌElectronika‚Æ‚¢‚¤“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðw“ü‚Å‚«A‚©‚ÂŽŽŒ±‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½B
‚»‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Í2.45GHz‚Å“®ì‚µA˜R‰k“dŽ¥”g‚Í0.5‚©‚ç1.0mw/cm2 ‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
‚±‚Ì’l‚ÍAƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌFDA‚Ì‹KŠi‚ɇ’v‚µA—A“ü‚ð–@“I‚É·‚µŽ~‚߂邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚¢ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
1980”Nt†‚̃ƒVƒA‚ÌV•·uEconomic Newsv‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽ‚±‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹LŽ–‚ð“Ç‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚Í‹»–¡[‚¢B
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2jHertel‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Ì•ñFHertel‚ç1992”NJournal Franz Weber‹LŽ–
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚P‚U
Hartel‚Æ‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†ŽÒBernald H. Blanc‚ª1992”N‚É”s‚³‚ꂽŽGŽJournal Franz WeberiƒXƒCƒX‚Å”sAƒhƒCƒcŒê”łƃtƒ‰ƒ“ƒXŒê”Å‚µ‚©‚È‚¢B¸“Ç•t‚«‚ÌŠwpŽGŽ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢Bj‚ÉgVergleichende Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung des Menschen durch konventionell und im Mikrowellenofen aufbereitete Nahrungh‚Æ‚¢‚¤˜_•¶‚Å‚Í‚È‚‹LŽ–‚ð‘‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Journal Franz Weber‚Ì1992”N”s@No.19‚Ɉȉº‚Ì‹LŽ–‚ª‚ ‚éB
“–ŠY‚Ì•Å‚¾‚¯‚̉摜ƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚Í@‚±‚¿‚ç‚É@
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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Der vollständige Rapport der Untersuchung
=The full report of the investigation
=’²¸‚Ì‘S•¶
Vergleichende Untersuchungen
über die Beeinflussung des
Menschen@durch konventionell und im
Mikrowellenofen aufbereitete
Nahrung
= Comparative studies on the influence of the people through food prepared in
the microwave oven and conventional
=“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚Æ]—ˆ‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚élX‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é”äŠrŒ¤‹†
Prof. Bernard H. Blanc, Institut für Biochemie an der Eidgenösschen Techmschen
Hochschule, 1015 Lausanne
und
Dr. Hans U. Hertel, Umweltbiologische Forschung und Beratung,
3135 Wattenwil
1.@Einleitung
1. Introduction
1. ‚Í‚¶‚ß‚É
Seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt finden Mikrowellenöfen - anfänglich im den USA, heute auch in Europa - zunehmend Verwendung für die Aufbereitung von Nahrung im Restaurationsbetrieb, aber auch im
privaten Haushalt.
= For more than a decade, microwave ovens - find initially in the United
States, today also in Europe - increasingly use for the preparation of food in
the restaurant operation, but also in the private household.
=\”NˆÈã‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWi“–‰‚̓AƒƒŠƒJ‡O‘‚ÅŽg—p‚³‚êŽn‚ßA¡“ú‚ł̓ˆ[ƒƒbƒp‚Å‚àŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éj‚̓ŒƒXƒgƒ‰ƒ“‚Å‚ÌHÞ‚Ì’²—‚ÉŽg—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‘‚¦A‚³‚ç‚ÉAŒÂl‚̉ƒë‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à‚µ‚©‚è‚Å‚ ‚éB
Verkürzung und Vereinfachung
der Mahlzeitenzubereitung, Bequemlichkeit
und verminderte Kosten für die Elektrizitat
dienen als Verkaufsargumente.
Shortening and simplifying the meal preparation,
convenience and reduced costs for the electricity used as selling points.
’ZŽžŠÔ‚ÅAŠÈ’P‚ÉHŽ–‚Ì€”õ‚ª‚Å‚«A—˜•Ö«‚Æ“d‹C—¿‹à‚Ìß–ñ‚Í‹@Ší‚̃Z[ƒ‹ƒXƒ|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚Æ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Zahlreiche Kochbücher sind zur unterstützung
dieser Kochtechnik und der Verkäufe solcher öfen entstanden und sorgen zusammen mit wissenschaftlichen Empfehlungen für deren zunehmende Verbreitung.
Numerous Cookbooks are created to support this cooking
technique and the sales of such stoves and ensure their growth together with
scientific recommendations.
=‚±‚Ì’²—‚Ì‹Zp‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̔̔„‚ðƒTƒ|[ƒg‚·‚éˆ×‚ÆA‰ÈŠw“I‚È„§‚ð‹¤‚É‚±‚Ì’²—–@‚ð•ÛØ‚·‚éˆ×‚ÉA‘½‚‚Ì—¿—–{‚ªŠ§s‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚Æ‚¢‚¤˜•¶‚©‚çŽn‚Ü‚èAƒhƒCƒcŒê‚Å5ƒy[ƒW‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ÄA—lX‚È‚±‚Æ‚ª‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚Æ‚Ä‚àA‘S•¶‚ðƒhƒCƒcŒê‚©‚ç‰p–óE˜a–ó‚Í‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
ˆÈ‰º‚̉ӊ‚¾‚¯‚ð–|–󂵂Ă݂½B
4@Analysen und Beobachtungen an den verschiedenen@Nahrungsmittel-Varianten
4 FAnalysis and observations
on the different food
4F‚³‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚ÈH•i‚Ì•ªÍ‚ÆŠÏŽ@
4.1@Die Milch
4.1@ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN
Die im Mikrowellenofen aufgekochte@Milch änderte sich somit
in einigen wesentlichen Kriterien, nämlich (siehe Tabelle l ):
The milk boiled in a microwave oven changed thus in
some essential criteria, namely (see table l):
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ń~ƒ‹ƒN‚ð‰Á”M‚µ‚½‚ç‚¢‚‚‚©‚Ì—v‘f‚ª•Ï‰»‚µ‚½Ad—v‚È—v‘f‚ð•\1‚ÉŽ¦‚·B
Talle 1 - Die 4 Milch-Varianten
= table 1 - the 4 milk options
=•\1F 4Ží‚Ì‹“û‚̕ω»
ƒeƒXƒg‚ÌŠî€ |
¶‚̃~ƒ‹ƒN |
]—ˆ‚Ì’²—–@‚ł̃~ƒ‹ƒN |
‰Á”MŽE‹Û–@ ‚ł̃~ƒ‹ƒN |
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å ’²—‚µ‚½ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN |
Ž‰–b•ª@% |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.0 |
ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿ % |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
×–E” |
524,000 |
520,000 |
540,000 |
523,000 |
”ñ’`”’Ž¿’‚‘fmg% |
67.9 |
67.2 |
74.1 |
91.9 |
”ñƒJƒ[ƒCƒ“’‚‘f@mg% |
0.99 |
0.71 |
1.05 |
0.92 |
ƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“A IU (Roch) |
900 |
1,000 |
1,300 |
1,200 |
ƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“C mg (Roch) |
17.0 |
18.2 |
17.9 |
18.1 |
—tŽ_(Roch) |
58.0 |
46.0 |
48.0 |
42.0 |
Ž_«“xSH |
6.16 |
6.14 |
6.20 |
6.30 |
pH |
6.75 |
6.73 |
6.72 |
6.72 |
Ž_‘f@mg/l |
7.70 |
4.60 |
7.70 |
4.80 |
”S“xcp |
162,471 |
171,135 |
164,951 |
‘ª’è•s”\ |
“`“±—¦m.s. |
5.03 |
4.95 |
5.04 |
5.00 |
‘ÍÏ•¨g |
0.003 |
0.004 |
0.002 |
0.008 |
Œ°”÷‹¾‚Å‚ÌŽ‰–b‚Ì\‘¢ |
•’Ê |
•’Ê |
•’Ê |
‹‘å‚ȃtƒH[ƒ€ |
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ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMicrowave Ovens:@A Hazard
to Health@ALARMING RESULTS OF A SCIENTIFIC STUDY
•MŽÒFDr. Hans U. Hertel@Bern,
Switzerland
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ŒfÚŽFPediatrics Vol.89 No. 4 April 1992
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of Microwave Radiation on Anti-Infective
Factors in Human Milk
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFR. Quan, J. A. kerner JR
et al:
Abstract
In intensive care nurseries it has become common practice to use microwave
thawing of frozen human milk for more rapid accessibility.
W’†“I‚ÈŠÅŒì‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA‹Ù‹}‘Ήž‚ׂ̈ɗⓀ‚µ‚½•ê“û‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnñ“š‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ªˆê”Ê“I‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚«‚½B
Twenty-two freshly frozen human milk samples were tested for lysozyme activity,
total IgA, and specific secretory•ª”å‚Ì IgA to Escherichia
coli serotypes 01, 04, and 06.
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The samples were heated by microwave for 30 seconds at a low- or high-power
setting and then reanalyzed.
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One-mL aliquots of 10 additional human milk samples were microwaved at low (20
degrees C to 25 degrees C), medium (60 degrees C to 70 degrees C), and high
(greater than or equal to 98 degrees C) setting before the addition to each of
1 mL of diluted E coli suspension.
Še1ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚É•ªŠ„‚µ‚½•”•ª•W–{10–{‚Ì•ê“ûƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚ðA’ቷi20-25ŽjA’†‰·i60-70ŽjA‚‰·i98ŽˆÈãj‚Éݒ肵‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µA‚»‚ÌŒã‚É1ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚Ì‘å’°‹Û¬‘÷‰t‚ð‰Á‚¦‚½B
E coli growth was determined after 3 1/2 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C.
‘å’°‹Û‚Ì”ÉB󋵂Í37“x‚Ì”|—{Ší‚Å3.5ŽžŠÔ”|—{‚µ‚½Œã‚ÉA’²‚ׂ½B
Microwaving at high temperatures (72 degrees C to 98 degrees C) caused a marked
decrease in activity of all the tested anti-infective factors.
‚‰·i72-98Žj‚Éݒ肵‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡A‘S‚Ä‚ÌRŠ´õ—vˆö‚ÌŠˆ«‚ªŒ¸‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
E coli growth at greater than or equal to 98 degrees C was 18 times that of
control human milk.
98ŽˆÈã‚Ì‚‰·Ý’肵‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡A‘ÎÆ‚Ì•ê“û‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‘å’°‹Û‚Ì”ÉB‚ª18”{‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Microwaving at low temperatures (20 degrees C to 53 degrees C) had no
significant effect on total IgA, specific IgA to E coli serotypes 01 and 04,
but did significantly decrease lysozyme and specific IgA to E coli serotype 06.
’ቷݒèi20-53Žj‚µ‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡A‘SIgAA‘å’°‹ÛiŒŒ´Œ^01‚Æ04j‚ɑ΂·‚é“ÁˆÙ“I•ª”å‚ÌIg A‚ÉA—LˆÓ‚ȕω»‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚µ‚©‚µAƒŠƒ\ƒ][ƒ€‚Æ‘å’°‹ÛiŒŒ´Œ^06j‚ɑ΂·‚é“ÁˆÙ“I•ª”å‚ÌIgA‚Í—LˆÓ‚ɒቺ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Even at 20 degrees C to 25 degrees C, E coli growth was five times that of
control human milk.
20“x‚©‚ç25Ž‚Éݒ肵‚½“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚Å‚àA‘ÎÆŒQ‚Ì•ê“û‚É”ä‚ׂÄA‘å’°‹Û‚Í5”{‘B‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½A
Microwaving appears to be contraindicated at high temperatures, and questions
regarding its safety exist even at low temperatures.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚ÍA‚‰·‚Å‚Í‹ÖŠõ‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µA’ቷ‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àˆÀ‘S‚©‹^–â‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚ÌŽÀŒ±‚Å‚Í1ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚P‚b‚b‚Æ‚¢‚¤”÷¬‚È—Ê‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‹ÇŠ“I‚ȉߔM‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
ˆÈ‰º‚ÍЉ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒS[ƒ‹ƒhƒoƒEƒ€‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFJ Pediatr. 1984 Mar;104
(3):380-5.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FRapid high-temperature treatment of human milk
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFGoldblum RM, Dill CW, Albrecht TB, Alford ES, Garza
C, Goldman AS
Abstract
Increasing interest in feeding human milk to low-birth-weight infants raises
concern about microbial contamination of milk that is pooled or stored.
’á‘Ìd‘ÙŽ™‚Ö‚Ì•ê“ûŽö—^‚ÌŠÖS‚Ì‚‚Ü‚è‚ɉž‚¶‚ÄA’™‘ ‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì׋ۉ˜õ‚Ì‹°‚ꂪ‘‚¦‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
We examined the effect of rapid high-temperature treatment on bacteria and
viruses and on the nutritional and immunologic quality of pooled human milk.
‰äX‚Í’™‘ ‚³‚ꂽ•ê“û‚̖ƉuŠw“IE‰h—{Šw“I‚È•iŽ¿‚ƃoƒNƒeƒŠƒAEƒEƒCƒ‹ƒX‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éA‹}‘¬‚‰·ˆ—‚É‚¯‚éŒø‰Ê‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚½B
Growth of endogenous bacteria and infectivity of added cytomegalovirus were
undetectable after heating at 72 degrees C for 15 and 5 seconds, respectively.
“àˆö«‚̃oƒNƒeƒŠƒA‚ÆA‰Á‚¦‚½ƒTƒCƒgƒƒKƒEƒCƒ‹ƒX‚Ì“`õ«‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍA72Ž‚Å15•bŠÔ‚Æ5•bŠÔ‚̉Á”MŒã‚ÍAŒŸo‚³‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Folic acid and vitamins B1, B2, B6, and C were not affected, whereas bile
salt-stimulated lipase was inactivated by these conditions.
—tŽ_Eƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B1 B2 B6‚ÆC‚͉e‹¿‚ðŽó‚¯‚¸A’_`Ž_‰–‚ÅŽhŒƒ‚µ‚½Ž‰–b•ª‰ðy‘f‚Í‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌðŒ‰º‚Å‚Í•sŠˆ«‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The concentration of lactoferrin and secretory IgA, and SIgA
antibody activity were not changed by heating at 72 degrees C.
ƒ‰ƒNƒgƒtƒFƒŠƒ“‚Æ‚h‚‡‚`‚Ì•ª”åAR‘ÌŠˆ«‚r‚h‚‡‚`‚ÍA72Ž‚̉Á”M‚É‚æ‚é•Ï‰»‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
BEMS’Fƒ‰ƒNƒgƒtƒFƒŠƒ“F“û‚âA—ÜA‘Á‰tAŒŒ‰t‚È‚Ç‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚銴õ–hŒä‹@”\‚ð‚à‚Á‚½ƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿
Lysozyme concentration and enzymatic activity were increased significantly by
heat treatment, suggesting that this component may be largely sequestered in
milk.
ƒŠƒ\ƒ][ƒ€”Z“x‚ƖƉuŠˆ«‚Í‚±‚̉Á”Mˆ—‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—LˆÓ‚É‘‰Á‚µ‚½A‚±‚ê‚̓~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì’†‚ɉB‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½—v‘f‚Å‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
Our findings suggest that rapid high-temperature treatment can reduce microbial
contamination without destroying the unique nutritional and immunologic
qualities of human milk.
‰äX‚Ì’mŒ©‚ÍA‹}‘¬‚‰·ˆ—‚̓~ƒ‹ƒN‚ª‚à‚ƒ†ƒj[ƒN‚ȉh—{Šw“IE–ƉuŠw“I‚È•iŽ¿‚ð‰ó‚·‚±‚Æ‚È‚A׋ۉ˜õ‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
––––––––––––––––––
‚a‚d‚l‚r‚i‚̃Rƒƒ“ƒgF
ˆÈã‚Ìî•ñ‚Ì‘¼‚ÉA‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†˜_•¶‚à“Ç‚Ü‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì•ê“ûEƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”M‚ւ̉e‹¿‚ÍA“dŽ¥”g‚̉e‹¿‚Å‚Í‚È‚A‹Ç•”“I‚Ƀ€ƒ‰‚Æ‚µ‚Ä”¶‚·‚é‹ÇŠ“I‚ȉߔM‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
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–‚Æ‚ ‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚͊댯‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚·‚éà‚̃TƒCƒg‚Ɉȉº‚Ìî•ñ‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––
A Japanese study showed that just 6 minutes microwave heating turned 30-40 % of
B12 in milk into inert form.
“ú–{‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì6•ªŠÔ‚̉Á”M‚ÅAƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̃rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B12‚Ì30-40“‚ª•sŠˆ«‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
––––––––––––––
‚±‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚ÍA–¾Šm‚Ș_‹’‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA˜_‹’‚ð’T‚µ‚Ă݂邱‚Æ‚É‚µ‚½B
–“ú–{l‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ð‚µÚׂÉЉ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒTƒCƒg‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––
Microwaving zaps milk vitamin
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚̓~ƒ‹ƒN‚̃rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ðŽE‚·B
Dr. Fumio Watanabe of Japanfs Kochi Womenfs University studied the effects of microwaving milk.
Heating samples for six minutes killed as much vitamin B12 as 35 minutes of
boiling. In some cases 30-40% was lost.
“ú–{‚Ì‚’m—Žq‘åŠw‚Ì“n•Ó•¶—Y‹³Žö‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚É‚æ‚éƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̕ω»‚ðŒ¤‹†‚µ‚½B
6•ªŠÔ‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚³‚ꂽƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚Å‚ÍA35•ªŠÔ‚ÌŽÏ•¦‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚Æ“¯‚¶—l‚ÉAƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B12@‚ðŽE‚µ‚½B
ꇂɂæ‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA30-40%‚̃rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B12‚ªŽ¸‚í‚ꂽB
Microwaved milk was also compared to boiled milk (container in boiling water
bath). While heating the milk up to 100 degrees C, microwaving caused greater
B12 loss than boiling.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ÆAŽÏ•¦‚ʼnÁ”M‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒNiŽÏ•¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é…‘…‚Ì’†‚Ƀ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ð“ü‚ꂽ•r‚ð“ü‚ꂽŠÔÚ‰Á”Mj‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚½B
100Ž‚܂ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ŽžA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚ÍŽÏ•¦‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡‚æ‚èAB12‚Ì”j‰ó‚ª‘½‚©‚Á‚½B
The longer the milk was boiled or microwaved the greater the loss but by six
minutes microwaving or 30 minutes boiling the B12 loss was the same.@
ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ðŽÏ•¦‚Å’·ŽžŠÔ‰Á”M‚â“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚ÍAƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“12‚Ì”j‰ó‚ði‚߂邪A6•ªŠÔ‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚Æ30•ª‚ÌŽÏ•¦‰Á”M‚Å‚ÍB12‚Ì‘¹Ž¸‚Í“¯‚¶ƒŒƒxƒ‹‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŽQlFWatanabe,F et al. Jnl. of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 1998; 46:206-10
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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–ˆÈ‰º‚ÍPubmed‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“n•Ó•¶—Y‚Ì1998”N˜_•¶‚Å‚ ‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––
ŒfÚŽGJ Agric Food Chem. 1998 Jan 19;46(1):206-210.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of Microwave Heating on the Loss of
Vitamin B(12) in Foods.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFWatanabe Fumio, Abe K, Fujita T, Goto M, Hiemori M, Nakano Y.
Department of Food and Nutrition,
Kochi Women's University, Kochi 780, Japan, and Department of Applied
Biological Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 593, Japan
––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚̘_•¶‚̃AƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚É‚ÍAŽÀŒ±ðŒ‚È‚Ç‚Í‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚炸AƒAƒuƒXƒgƒ‰ƒNƒg‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í—‰ð‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢BFull Text‚Í—L—¿‚Å“üŽè‚Å‚«‚éB
–“Z‚ßF
ˆÈã‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚çA1998”N‚Ì“n•Ó•¶—Y‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍAu“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚ªŠëŒ¯v‚Æ‚¢‚¤à‚̘_‹’‚̈ê‚‚Ƃµ‚ÄŽæ‚èã‚°‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邪A‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í“dŽ¥”g‚Ì’¼Ú‰e‹¿‚ðŒ©‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚A‰Á”ME‹ÇŠ“I‚ȉߔM‚É‚æ‚éŒø‰Ê‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFLancet. 1989 Dec 9;2 (8676):1392-3.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FAminoacid isomerisation and microwave exposure. “dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚ƃAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚̈٫‰»
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLubec G, Wolf C, Bartosch B.
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w80Ž‚̉·…‚ÅŠÔÚ‰Á”M‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÆA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M@‚Æ‚à‚É10•ª‚ÅA“ûŽ™—pƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ð‰Á”MB
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ŒfÚŽFInternational Dairy Journal@Volume 6, Issue 3, March 1996, Pages 231–246
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FHeat treatment of milk in domestic microwave ovens@‰Æ’ë—p“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚éƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”Mˆ—
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFR. Sieber, P. Eberhard, P.U. Gallmann
Abstract
This review deals with the gstate of the arth regarding microwave heating of milk using household equipment with
a frequency of 2450MHz.
‚±‚̃Œƒrƒ…[‚ÍA2450MHz‚ÌŽü”g”‚Å“®‚‰Æ’ë—p“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ń~ƒ‹ƒN‚ð‰Á”M‚µ‚½Žž‚ÌÅV‚Ìî•ñ‚ð“Z‚߂邱‚Æ‚É‚ ‚éB
The effect of microwave heat treatment depends on the quantity of the product
and the geometry of the vessel used.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”Mˆ—‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ÍA‰·‚ß‚éHÞ‚Ì—Ê‚ÆAHÞ‚ð‚¢‚ê‚½—eŠí‚ÌŒ`ó‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĈقȂéB
Microwaves do not penetrate deeply into food which can lead to overheating at
the surface or to insufficient warming of the total product.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚ÍHނ̉œ[‚‚Ü‚Å‚ÍZ“§‚µ‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA•\–Ê•”‚ª‰ß”M‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚èAHÞ‘S‘Ì‚ð\•ª‚ɉÁ”M‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
In some cases, infant formulae heated to too high temperature by microwaves
were found to be hazardous for infants due to scalding and burning.
ꇂɂæ‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚͈Ùí‚È‚‰·‚É”M‚¹‚ç‚êA—cŽ™‚ª‰Î‚·‚é‚Ù‚Ç‚Ì‚‰·‚âÅ‚°‚½‚肵‚ÄAŠëŒ¯‚Å‚ ‚éB
The literature on the effects of microwave heat treatment on microorganisms and
nutrients in milk, such as proteins, enzymes and vitamins, is inconsistent.
”÷¶•¨Šw“IE‰h—{Šw“Ii’`”’Ž¿A–Ɖu‹@”\Aƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“j‚È“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”Mˆ—‚ÌŒø”\‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAˆê’v‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚Í‚È‚¢B
Reported values are combined in tabular forms.
•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚錤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Í•\‚É‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚½B
Different parameters are included such as the conditions of heat treatment,
type and volume of product, the power of the oven, the temperature and time of
exposure.
‰Á”Mˆ—•û–@‚ÌðŒAHÞ‚ÌŽí—Þ‚Æ—ÊA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì“d—ÍA‰·“x‚ƉÁ”MŽžŠÔ“™—lX‚ȈöŽq‚ª‚ ‚éB
The formation of D-amino acids in microwave heat-treated milk, which was
indicated some years ago, results from extreme heat.
””N‘O‚É•ñ‚³‚ꂽ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚Å‚ÌD|ƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚ÌŒ`¬‚ÍA‰Á”M‰ß‚¬i‰ß”Mj‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
Household equipment does not use these conditions.
‰Æ’ë—p‹@Ší‚Í‚±‚¤‚µ‚½ðŒ‚Å‚ÍŽg—p‚³‚ê‚È‚¢B
Therefore, fears about the formation of D-amino acids in microwaved milk can be
ignored.
]‚Á‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ÌD\ƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_Œ`¬‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éS”z‚ÍA–³Ž‹‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB
Biological experiments showed no evidence for the hazards of microwave heat
treatment of milk.
¶•¨Šw“I‚ÈŽÀŒ±‚Å‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ªŠëŒ¯‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚ÌŠmØ‚Í‚È‚¢B
‹LF‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚P‚O
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FD-Amino acids in reconstituted infant formula: A
comparison between conventional and microwave heating
@—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ðA…‚ð‰Á‚¦‚ÄŒ³‚É–ß‚·Žž‚ÌDƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_F’Êí‚̉Á”M‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚Ì”äŠr
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFR Marchelli,*, A Dossena,
G Palla, M Audhuy-Peaudecerf, S Lefeuvre, P Carnevali
and@M Freddi
ŒfÚŽFJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture@Volume 59, Issue 2, pages 217–226, 1992
Abstract
It was recently claimed that microwave heating of reconstituted formulas for
infants could induce racemization of amino acids, in particular, of proline.
lHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚É…‚ð‰Á‚¦‚ÄŒ³‚É–ß‚·‚½‚ß‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡AƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_A“Á‚ɃvƒƒŠƒ“‚É‚¨‚¯‚郉ƒZƒ~‰»‚ª‹N‚±‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Å‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
In the present work we investigated the presence of D-amino acids in different
samples of a reconstituted infant formula heated by a conventional
heat-transfer way (oil bath), in a commercially available domestic microwave
oven and in a wave-guide device.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA’Êí‚Ì”M“`’B•û–@i‰Á”M‚µ‚½ƒIƒCƒ‹‚É“ü‚ꂽŠÔÚ‰Á”MjAŽs”Ì‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚Æ“±”gŠÇ‚ðŽg‚Á‚½“dŽ¥”g”¶‘•’u‚ł̉Á”M‚Ì•û–@‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAlHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚É…‚ð‰Á‚¦‚ÄŒ³‚É–ß‚µ‚½Žž‚ÉDƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ðA’²¸‚µ‚½B
The analyses were carried out both by gas chromatography and by high
performance liquid chromatography.
‰ð͂̓KƒXƒNƒƒ}ƒgƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB‚Æ‚æ‚è‚«”\‚ȉt‘̃Nƒƒ}ƒgƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB[‚É‚æ‚Á‚½B
The presence of D-enantiomers was determined both in proteins after hydrolysis
(6 M HCl at 100‹C for 6 h) and in the free amino acid
pool.
DŒ^‹¾‘œˆÙ«‘Ì‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ÍA100Ž6ŽžŠÔ‚̉Á…•ª‰ð‚ƃAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì–³‚¢ó‘Ô‚ÅA—¼•û‚Ì’`”’Ž¿‚ÌŒˆ’è‚Ås‚Á‚½A
ƒBEMSJ’FƒGƒiƒ“ƒ`ƒIƒ}[iEnantiomerj‚Æ‚ÍAD-ƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Ž_‚ÆL-ƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Ž_‚̂悤‚Égd‚ˇ‚킹‚邱‚Æ‚Ìo—ˆ‚È‚¢‹¾‘œ‘Ìh‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚Å‚ ‚èA‹¾‘œˆÙ«‘Ì‚Æ‚àŒ¾‚í‚ê‚éB„
Regarding protein-bound amino acids, there is no evidence of racemization in
all samples examined under the different experimental conditions
(conventionally and microwave-treated samples).
ƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚ÉŒ‹‡‚µ‚½’`”’Ž¿‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAˆÙ‚È‚é•û–@‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½‘S‚ẴTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚щƒZƒ~‰»‚ÌŠmØ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
ƒBEMSJ’F‰Á”M‚É‚æ‚éƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì•Ï«‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B„
ƒBEMSJ’Fƒ‰ƒZƒ~‰» (racemization) ‚Æ‚Í—L‹@‰»Šw‚â–³‹@‰»Šw‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚ ‚镨Ž¿‚ªƒLƒ‰ƒŠƒeƒB[‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«A—Ê‚ª‘½‚¢•û‚̃Gƒiƒ“ƒ`ƒIƒ}[‚ª‚à‚¤ˆê•û‚̃Gƒiƒ“ƒ`ƒIƒ}[‚É•Ï‚í‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒn‚Ì‹¾‘œ‘̉ßè—¦(ee)‚ªŒ¸A‚Ü‚½‚ÍÁŽ¸‚·‚é‚悤‚ȉ»Šw”½‰žB”½‰ž‚Ì—vˆö‚Í”MA‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍŽ_‚≖Šî‚È‚Ç‚Ì”½‰žÜ‚Å‚ ‚éB„
In particular, D-proline was not detected at least above 1 mg litre−1 in proteins and above 20 ƒÊg litre−1 in free
amino acids.
“Á‚ÉADƒvƒƒŠƒ“‚Í’`”’Ž¿1ƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹“–‚½‚è1mg‚ð’´‚¦‚é—Ê‚ÍŒŸo‚Å‚«‚¸AƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì–³‚¢ó‘Ô‚Å1ƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹“–‚½‚è20ƒÊg‚ð’´‚¦‚é—Ê‚ÍAŒŸo‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Although small percentages (D/D + L %) of D-glu and
D-asp and higher percentages of D-ala were detected among free amino acids, in
all samples, no significant differences could be found between untreated and
treated samples.
‹Í‚©‚ÈD-glu‚ÆD-asp‚ÆA‚‚¢Šm—¦‚Å‚ÌD-ala‚Í‘S‚ẴTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚ÅAƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì–³‚¢ó‘Ô‚Å‚ÍŒŸo‚³‚ꂽ‚ªAƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ð‰Á”M‚µ‚½‚à‚̂ƉߔM‚µ‚È‚¢‚à‚Ì‚ÌŠÔ‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––––––
ˆÈã‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚É‚æ‚éƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì•Ï«‚ð”F‚ß‚È‚©‚Á‚½Œ¤‹†B
‰Á”MðŒ‚È‚Ç‚ÌÚׂ͕sÚA
‹LG‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚P‚P
ŒfÚŽFInternational Journal of Food Engineering volume 8,
Issue 1 (Jan 2012)
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe Effect of Microwave Pasteurization on Some
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Milk
ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì•¨—“IE‰»Šw“I‚È“Á«‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”MŽE‹Û–@‚̉e‹¿
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAfsaneh Dehghan / Jalal Jamalian / Asgar Farahnaky /
Gholamreza Mesbahi / Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
abstract:
In this research, cowfs milk was pasteurized using
microwave (MW) or HTST methods and their effects on some milk components were
studied.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA‹“û‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚à‚µ‚ˆê”Ê“I‚È‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔŽE‹Û–@‚ʼnÁ”MŽE‹Û‚ðs‚¢A‹“û‚̬•ª‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰e‹¿‚𒲂ׂ½B
ƒBEMSJ’F‹“û‚È‚ÇH•i‚ÌŽE‹Û•û–@HTSTiHigh temperature short time method sterilizationj‚Í‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔŽE‹Û–@‚Æ‚àŒÄ‚΂ê‚éBŠT—v
’ÊíA72 `75 ‚Å15•bŠÔA—¬‘ÌH•i‚ð‰Á”M‚µ‚ÄŽE‹Û‚·‚éŽè–@‚Ì‚±‚ÆB„
The results showed no differences between some physico-chemical
characteristics like protein, fat, acidity, and solubility percentages due to
heat treatments with either MW or HTST and the control samples.
‘ÎÆ‚Æ‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔŽE‹Û–@‚¨‚æ‚Ñ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”Mˆ—‚Ɉö‚é‰Â—n«AŽ_“xAŽ‰–bAƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿‚È‚Ç‚Ì•¨—‰»Šw“I‚È“Á«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
The contents of six amino acids (aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid,
histidine, arginine, and lysine in mg/L) and fatty acids (weight percentage)
showed no significant differences using either MW or HTST pasteurization
method.
6Ží‚̃Aƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì“à—e‚ÆŽ‰–bŽ_‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Æ‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔŽE‹Û–@‚ň—‚µ‚½‹“ûŠÔ‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
There were slight but insignificant differences in trans-fatty acid and D-amino
acid contents in the milk pasteurized with either MW or HTST method.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Æ‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔŽE‹Û–@‚Å‚ÌŽE‹Ûˆ—‚µ‚½‹“û‚ÉAƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒXŽ‰–bŽ_‚ÆDƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚̬•ª‚ÉA“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ªA‚µ‚Ì·ˆÙ‚ª”F‚ß‚ç‚ꂽB
SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis of milk proteins did not reveal any differences
between the pasteurization methods.
‹“û‚Ì’`”’Ž¿‚ÌSDS-PAGE‰ðÍ‚ÆHPLC‰ðÍ‚Å‚ÍA‰Á”MŽE‹Û–@ŠÔ‚̈Ⴂ‚𖾂炩‚É‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
It was finally concluded that MW heating is a good alternative to HTST
pasteurization.
Œ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚錓‚Ë‚é‚Í‚‰·’ZŽžŠÔ‰Á”MŽE‹Û–@‚Ì‘ã—p‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—LŒø‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ‹˜_‚¯‚½B
‹LG‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚P‚Q
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFJ Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Apr;@13(2):209-10.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FD-aspartate and D-glutamate in microwaved versus
conventionally heated milk.
@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Æ’Êí‚̉Á”M•û–@‚É‚¨‚¯‚éD-ƒAƒXƒpƒ‰ƒMƒ“‚ÆD|ƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFPetrucelli L, Fisher GH.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
It has been reported that microwave heating of infant formulae can isomerize
and racemize amino acids in the milk proteins, causing toxicity or affecting
the nutritional value of the milk formulae.
–Ú“IFlHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚̓~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì’`”’Ž¿‚ðˆÙ©‘̉»‚ƃ‰ƒZƒ~‰»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ÅA”‚ª‚ñ«‚ð’悵‚½‚èAlHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉h—{‰¿‚ɉe‹¿‚µ‚½‚è‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB
Therefore, we investigated whether microwave heating vs conventional heating
would produce any D- enantiomers of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu)
in milk.
‚»‚±‚ÅA‰äX‚Í’Êí‚̉Á”M•û–@‚É”äŠr‚µ‚Ä“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”Mˆ—‚ªƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̃AƒXƒpƒ‰ƒMƒ“Ž_‚ƃOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Ž_‚ÌD|‹¾‘̈٫‰»‚ð‹N‚±‚³‚¹‚é‚©‚𒲸‚µ‚½B
METHODS:
Whole and skim milk samples were heated for 10 minutes in either a microwave
oven at medium power or on a hot water bath at 80 degrees C.
D-Asp and D-Glu were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
•û–@Fƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì‘S¬•ª‚ƃXƒLƒ€ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̃Tƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì’†‰Î—Í‚©A80Ž‚̉·…‘†‚Ì’†‚ÅA10•ªŠÔ‰Á”M‚µ‚½B
DƒAƒXƒpƒ‰ƒMƒ“Ž_‚ÆDƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Ž_‚Í‚«”\‚ȉt‘̃Nƒƒ}ƒgƒOƒ‰ƒtƒB[‚ÅŒŸ’肵‚½B
RESULTS:
Unheated (control) samples were found to contain 0.40-0.45% D-Asp and D-Glu,
inherent from the original pasteurizing process. Both conventional heating and
microwave heating induce < 0.25% more racemization when compared to the
control samples.
Œ‹‰ÊF‰Á”Mˆ—‚µ‚È‚¢ƒTƒ“ƒvƒ‹‚É‚ÍDƒAƒXƒpƒ‰ƒMƒ“Ž_‚ÆD-ƒOƒ‹ƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Ž_‚ªAŒÅ—L‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA0.40|0.45“ŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B
’Êí‚̉Á”M•û–@i80Ž‚̉·…‘†j‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ê‡‚ÍA‰Á”Mˆ—‚µ‚È‚¢‘ÎÆŒQ‚Æ”äŠr‚µ‚ÄA‚Æ‚à‚É0.25“ˆÈ‰º‚̃‰ƒZƒ~‰»‚ª‘‰Á‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
CONCLUSION:
Within experimental error, there is no significant difference in the levels of
these D-amino acids between the conventionally heated and microwave heated
milks, thus having no significant effect on the nutritional value of the milk
proteins.
Œ‹˜_FŽÀŒ±‚̌뷂͈̔͂ÅA’Êí‚̉Á”M‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚É‚¨‚¯‚éDƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‰»‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚Aƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì’`”’Ž¿‚̉h—{‰¿‚É—LˆÓ‚ȉe‹¿‚Í‚È‚¢B
‹LG‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚P‚S
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr.
1982; 16(4):355-81.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FThe effect of microwaves on nutrient value of
foods.@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚éH•¨‚̉h—{‰¿‚̕ω»
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFCross GA, Fung DY.
Abstract
Microwave cooking has gained considerable importance as an energy-saving,
convenient, and time-saving cooking method.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é’²—‚̓Gƒlƒ‹ƒM[‚Ìß–ñ‚Å‚«AŠÈ•Ö‚ÅAŽžŠÔ‚Ìß–ño—ˆ‚é’²—–@‚Æ‚µ‚Äl—¶‚É’l‚·‚éd—v«‚𓾂Ă«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
This article reviews the state of the art of microwave cooking and the existing
publishing data on the effects of microwave cooking on nutritive values of
moisture, protein, carbohydrate@, lipid, minerals, and
vitamins.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚éƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Aƒ~ƒlƒ‰ƒ‹AŽ‰Ž¿A’Y…‰»•¨Aƒ^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿B…•ª‚Ȃǂ̉h—{‰¿‚̕ω»‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é”sÏ‚Ý‚Ìî•ñ‚ÆA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é’²—–@‚ÌÅVó‹µ‚ðƒŒƒrƒ…[‚·‚éB
Most reports indicated that microwave cooking resulted in higher moisture
losses compared with conventional methods.
–w‚Ç‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ÍA’Êí‚Ì•û–@‚É”äŠr‚µ‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚Å‚Í‚æ‚葽‚‚Ì…•ª‚ÌŒ¸‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Overall, the nutritional effects of microwaves on protein, lipid, and minerals
appear minimal.
ŠTŠÏ‚·‚é‚ÆA’`”’Ž¿AŽ‰Ž¿Aƒ~ƒlƒ‰ƒ‹‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚éŒø‰Ê‚Í‚È‚¢‚悤‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚éB
There is no report on the effects of microwaves on carbohydrate fraction in
foods.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚é’Y…‰»•¨‚̕ω»‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚Í‚È‚¢B
A large amount of data is available on the effects of microwaves on vitamins.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚éƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚̕ω»‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é•ñ‚Í‘½‚¢B
It is concluded that there are only slight differences between microwave and
conventional cooking on vitamin retention in foods.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é’²—‚Æ’Êí‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚éH•¨‚̃rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ÌŽc—¯—ʂ̈Ⴂ‚Í‚Ù‚ñ‚Ì‹Í‚©‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
In conclusion, no significant nutritional differences exist between foods
prepared by conventional and microwave methods.
Œ‹˜_‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA’Êí‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’²—‚³‚ꂽH•¨‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚ÍA‰h—{‰¿‚̈Ⴂ‚Í‚È‚¢B
Any differences reported in the literature are minimal.
‚±‚ê‚Ü‚Å‚ÉŠ§s‚³‚ꂽ•¶Œ£‚Å•ñ‚³‚ꂽ‘S‚Ă̕η‚͋ɬ‚Å‚ ‚éB
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ŒfÚŽFPediatrics. 1992 Sep; 90(3):412-5.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMicrowave heating of infant formula: a dilemma
resolved.@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”MFƒWƒŒƒ“ƒ}‚̉ðŒˆ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFSigman-Grant M, Bush G, Anantheswaran
R
Abstract
Microwave heating of infant formula is a common practice despite concerns of
infant scalding.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”M‚ÍA—cŽ™‚̉΂̋°‚ꂪ‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àˆê”Ê“I‚ÈŽÀ—p–@‚Å‚ ‚éB
Beyond the issue of physical safety, little is known about the effects on
nutrient content of microwave heating of infant formula.
‘̂̈À‘S‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‰Û‘è‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚É‚æ‚é‰h—{‰¿‚̕ω»‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚Í–w‚Ç‚í‚©‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
Casein-predominant infant formula in 120- and 240-mL glass and plastic nursing
bottles of varying colors were heated for 40 seconds and 60 seconds,
respectively.
ƒJƒ[ƒCƒ“‚ðŽåŒ´—¿‚Æ‚µ‚½lHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ðA120ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚Æ240ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚̃Kƒ‰ƒX‚ƃvƒ‰ƒXƒ`ƒbƒN‚ÌŽö“û—pƒrƒ“i—lX‚ÈF‚̃rƒ“j‚É“ü‚ê‚ÄA40•b‚à‚µ‚‚Í60•bŠÔA‰Á”M‚µ‚½B
’FƒJƒ[ƒCƒ“FŠ£—‘f s‹“û‚Ì’†‚Ì‚½‚ñ‚Ï‚Ž¿Gƒ`[ƒY‚ÌŒ´—¿t.
Temperature profiling was monitored during the heating cycle.
‰Á”M’†‚ÉA‰·“x㸂̕ª•z‚𑪒肵‚½B
Analysis of riboflavin and vitamin C was made prior to and after heating.
¬’·‘£i—v‘f‚ƃrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ðB‰Á”M‘O‚ƉÁ”MŒã‚ɉðÍ‚µ‚½B
’GƒŠƒ{ƒtƒ‰ƒrƒ“‚ͬ’·‘£i—v‘f
Topmost portions reached a mean temperature of 44.7 +/- 1.7 degrees C and 43.0
+/- 2.4 degrees C for all types of 240-mL and 120-mL bottles, respectively.
240ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚Æ120ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚̃rƒ“‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚êAÅ‚à‚‚¢‰·“x‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA•½‹Ï‰·“x44.7+/-1.7“xA43.0+/-2.4“x‚É’B‚µ‚½B
Topmost temperatures were significantly hotter than temperatures reached at
other sites.
Å‚à‚‚‚È‚Á‚½êŠ‚Í”½‘Α¤‚É”ä‚ׂÄA—LˆÓ‚ɉ·“x‚ª‚‚‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½B
Routine mixing resulted in formula temperatures which could safely be fed to
infants (35.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 33.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C for 240-mL and
120-mL bottles, respectively).
lHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚𬂺‡‚킹‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA—cŽ™‚ɈÀ‘S‚ȉ·“x‚É‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½i240ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚Æ120ƒ~ƒŠƒŠƒbƒgƒ‹‚̃rƒ“‚Å‚ÍA‘´X35.4+/-0.3ŽA33.9+/-0.2ŽjB
There was no significant loss of either riboflavin or vitamin C.
¬’·‘£i—v‘f‚ƃrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍA—LˆÓ‚ÈŒ¸‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Protocols for microwave heating are given.
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚鈗•û–@‚ª–¾Šm‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
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œ1991”NƒƒVƒA‚̃Šƒ^EƒŠ[”ŽŽm‚Ì—Õ°ŽÀŒ±Œ‹‰Ê
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Lancet‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å@Lita@Lee‚ÅŒŸõ‚·‚邪A‰½‚àƒqƒbƒg‚µ‚È‚¢B
Lancet‚Åmicrowave cooking ‚ÅŒŸõ‚µ‚Ä‚àLita@Lee‚ªŠÖŒW‚µ‚½‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚é˜_•¶‚ÍAƒqƒbƒg‚µ‚È‚¢B
Pubmed‚Å‚Í@Lita@Lee‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚·‚é˜_•¶‚̓qƒbƒg‚µ‚È‚¢B
‚Æ‚ ‚éƒTƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½î•ñ‚ÅABEMSJ‚Æ“¯‚¶‚±‚Æ‚ðl‚¦‚½l‚ª‚¢‚½B
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‚³‚ÄA‚Å‚Í‚ ‚̃‰ƒ“ƒZƒbƒgŽ‚ÉŒfÚ‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚¢‚¤Lita Lee”ŽŽm‚̘_•¶‚ð‚²Ð‰îEEE‚ÆŽv‚Á‚½‚Ì‚Å‚·‚ªAŽc”O‚È‚ª‚甌©‚Å‚«‚Ü‚¹‚ñ‚Å‚µ‚½B
1989”N‚̃‰ƒ“ƒZƒbƒg˜_•¶‚𒲂ׂĂào‚Ä‚«‚Ü‚¹‚ñEEE”N‘ã‚ði‚炸‚ÉuLita Leev‚Å’²‚ׂĂ݂Ăà•s”B
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‚Æ‚ ‚é‰p•¶ƒTƒCƒg‚É
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In another book entitled Health Effects of Microwave Radiation, author Dr. Lita
Lee also expressed his concern over the use of microwaves.
‚»‚Ì‘¼‚ÉALita@Lee”ŽŽm‚Ì’˜‚ÅgHealth Effects of Microwave Radiationh‚Æ‚¢‚¤–{‚Ì’†‚ÅA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚É‚æ‚é•sˆÀ‚ð•\Œ»‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Dr. Lee observed that the symptoms listed above could be caused by certain
observations shown below.
Lee”ŽŽm‚͈ȉº‚ÉŽ¦‚·Çó‚͈ȉº‚ÉŽ¦‚·“Á’è‚ÌŠÏŽ@‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‹N‚±‚³‚ê‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ðŒ©o‚µ‚½B
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‚±‚Ìî•ñ‚Å‚ÍLee‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŒø‰Ê‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–{‚ðo‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚µ‚©‚µAAmazon‚Ń`ƒFƒbƒN‚µ‚½‚ªA‚±‚Ì–{‚̓qƒbƒg‚¹‚¸B
‚Ç‚Ì–{‰®‚©‚牽Žž”s‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚©‚Í”»‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Lita@Lee‚ÍWEBƒTƒCƒg‚ð\’z‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚»‚̃TƒCƒg‚Å‚à‚±‚Ì–{‚̔̔„‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’m‚àЉî‹LŽ–‚àŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚Ü‚½AˆÈ‰º‚Ìî•ñ‚ª‚ ‚èA‚È‚É‚â‚猒N‚É—Ç‚¢‚Æ‚·‚éu–ü‚µƒOƒbƒYv‚ð”Ì”„‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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Further
to this, the article relies on a 'study' for it's
data on this by Lita Lee (Phd)...
Who's website you can find here, selling you 'healing enzymes' –http://www.litalee.com/shopexd.asp?id=182
‚±‚ê‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[”ŽŽm‚É‚æ‚é–{Œ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éƒf[ƒ^‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚é‹LŽ–‚ÍEEEEE
ŠÖ˜A‚·‚郊ƒ^EƒŠ[‚ÌWEB‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉȉº‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚éAgy‘fiƒGƒ“ƒUƒCƒ€j–ü‚µh‚𔄂Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÍLita@Lee‚ÌWEB‚É‚ ‚鎩ŒÈЉî‚Å‚ ‚éB
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Lita Lee, Ph.D. is a chemist, enzyme therapist, nutritionist, author and
lecturer and has been in private practice since 1984.
ƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[”ŽŽm‚͉»ŠwŽÒAy‘f–ü‚µ‰®A‰h—{ŠwŽÒAu‰‰ŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚èA1984”N‚©‚çŒÂl‘Ήž‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚«‚½B
Her clients span the globe from the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Bahamas,
Israel, England, Turkey, France, Ireland, Japan, South Africa, the Philippines
and Australia.
”Þ—‚̌ڋq‚Í¢ŠE’†‚ÌAƒAƒƒŠƒJEƒJƒiƒ_EƒƒLƒVƒREƒoƒnƒ}EƒCƒXƒ‰ƒGƒ‹E‰p‘Eƒgƒ‹ƒREƒtƒ‰ƒ“ƒXEƒAƒCƒ‹ƒ‰ƒ“ƒhE“ú–{E“ìƒAƒtƒŠƒJEƒtƒBƒŠƒsƒ“EƒI[ƒXƒgƒ‰ƒŠƒA‚ÉL‚ª‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
People find out about Dr. Lee from her lectures, TV and radio shows plus her
books, articles and newsletters as well as the Internet. Dr. Lee has an office in Portland,
Oregon.
ŠF‚³‚ñ‚Íu‰‰EƒeƒŒƒrEƒ‰ƒWƒIE’˜‘E‹LŽ–‚âƒjƒ…[ƒXƒŒƒ^[‚Ì‘¼‚ÉAƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒlƒbƒg‚ŃŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚ð’m‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚éB@”Þ—‚̓IƒŒƒSƒ“Bƒ|[ƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ÉŽ––±Š‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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–Lita@Lee‚ª”Ì”„‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚镨•i‚Ì—á
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–BEMSJ‚ÌŒ‹˜_
EWEB‚ÉL‚—¬‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éuƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚ÌLancet‚Ì1989”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†A1991”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†v‚Æ‚¢‚¤î•ñ‚ÍŒë‚è‚Å‚ ‚낤B
E“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‰Á”M‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚éŽÀŒ±Œ¤‹†‚È‚Ç‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚錤‹†ŽÒ‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éBƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚ÍŽ©‚猤‹†‚µ‚½Œ‹‰Ê‚ð‚»‚¤‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†˜_•¶‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í”•\‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢A‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éB
E‹‚¢‚ÄŒ¾‚¦‚ÎAƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚Íu‰‰‚â’˜q‚ÅA‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚ðˆø—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B‚»‚¤‚µ‚½ˆø—p‚ðA”Þ—‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽóŽæ‚èAƒlƒbƒgã‚É—¬‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
EƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚͉»ŠwŽÒ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä”ŽŽm†‚ÍŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éBƒGƒ“ƒUƒCƒ€iy‘fj‚ð‹‚ß‚éEEEE‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½ƒZƒ‰ƒsƒjƒXƒg‚Å‚ ‚éB
E‚»‚ׂ̈ÉWEB‚ð\’z‚µA•¨•i‚ð”Ì”„‚µA‚»‚̈êŠÂ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì’²—–@‚Ì–â‘è‚ðŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
E‚æ‚Á‚ÄAuƒŠƒ^EƒŠ[‚ÌŒ¤‹†EEEv‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì’²—‚É”º‚¤ŠëŒ¯«‚Ì”»’f‚É‚ÍAÌ—p‚Å‚«‚È‚¢’P‚È‚éƒlƒ^‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†˜_•¶‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽF. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39 (10), pp 1857–1859
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEvidence for the absence of amino acid
isomerization in microwave-heated milk and infant formulas@
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Æ—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚̈٫‰»‚Í–³‚¢‚Æ‚·‚éŠmØ
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFLaurent Fay, Urs Richli, Remy Liardon
ABSTRACT
According to a recent paper (Lubec et al., 1989), microwave heating of milk or
reconstituted infant formulas could induce the inversion of amino acid residues
to a significantly higher extent than conventional heating.
Å‹ß‚Ì‚k‚•‚‚‚…‚ƒ‚ç‚Ì1989”N‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‹y‚Ñ…‚ð‰Á‚¦‚ÄŒ³‚É–ß‚µ‚½—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Å‚ÍA’Êí‚̉Á”Mˆ—‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚É”ä‚ׂÄA—LˆÓ‚É‚‚¢ƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì•Ï«‚ª‹N‚±‚邱‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In this study, UHT milk and three different infant formulas were heated under
two sets of conditions: 600 W for 3 min and 70 W for 20 min.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA‚t‚g‚sƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Æ3Ží‚Ì—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ðA2Ží—Þ‚ÌðŒi600‚v‚Å3•ªŠÔA70‚v‚Å20•ªŠÔj‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½B
When the proportions of D-amino acids were measured after acid hydrolysis, no
significant difference could be found between untreated and treated samples.
‰Á…•ª‰ð‚µ‚Ä‚©‚ç‚cƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚ÌŠ„‡‚𒲸‚µ‚½BŒ‹‰Ê‚͉Á”Mˆ—‚µ‚È‚¢ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚ƉÁ”Mˆ—‚µ‚½ƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚É·ˆÙ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
On the basis of these results, it is concluded that heating of milk or infant
formula in a microwave oven under conditions corresponding to those normally
applied for heating food does not induce significant inversion of protein-bound
amino acids.
‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚©‚çAH•¨‚̉Á”M–@‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉê”Ê“I‚É—˜—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éðŒ‰º‚Å‚ÌA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚éƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‹y‚Ñ—cŽ™—plHƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”M‚ÍA’`”’Ž¿EƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚Ì—LˆÓ‚È•Ï«‚Í–³‚¢‚ÆŒ‹˜_•t‚¯‚½B
‹LG‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚Q‚R
Nutrition Action Health letterƒƒAƒƒŠƒJEƒJƒiƒ_‚ÌNPO–@luŒö‰v‰ÈŠwƒZƒ“ƒ^[v‚Ì‹@ŠÖ‚ª”s„
April 1, 2005
by Schardt, David
’˜ŽÒ‚ÍCenter for Science in the Public Interest – Canada‚ÉŠ‘®
Œ´“T‚ÌHealth Letteri‰p•¶j‚Í@‚±‚¿‚ç‚É
ˆÈ‰º‚ÉA•K—v‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚éŒÂŠ‚ð˜a–󂵂½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––
Microwave myths@ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éì‚è˜b
Fact vs Fiction Ž–ŽÀ‚Æ‘z‘œ
It all started with Hans Hertel.
‘S‚Ä‚ÍHans Hertel‚©‚çŽn‚Ü‚Á‚½B
The Swiss food chemist and seven fellow vegetarians confined themselves to a
hotel for two months in the late 1980s.
There, they consumed milk and vegetables prepared in the microwave oven and in
other ways.
ƒXƒCƒX‚ÌH•i‰»ŠwŽÒ‚ÆA’‡ŠÔ‚Å‚ ‚é7l‚ÌØHŽå‹`ŽÒ‚Í1980”N‘ãŒã”¼‚É2ƒ–ŒŽŠÔƒzƒeƒ‹‚ÉŽ©‚ç‚ð•Â‚¶ž‚ß‚½B
‚»‚±‚ÅA”Þ‚ç‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚⑼‚Ì•û–@‚ň—‚µ‚½‹“û‚â–ìØ‚ðێ悵‚½B
Hertel emerged with an astonishing pronouncement.
Eating microwaved milk and vegetables caused changes in the men's blood that
"appear to indicate the initial stage of a pathological process such as
occurs at the start of a cancerous condition."
Hertel‚Í‹Á‚‚ׂ«Žå’£‚ð‚Ô‚¿ã‚°‚½B
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ň—‚³‚ꂽ‹“û‚â–ìØ‚ÌÛŽæ‚ÍAl‚ÌŒŒ‰t‚ɕω»‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚µAuƒKƒ“«ó‘Ô‚ÌŠJŽnŽž‚̂悤‚È•a—Šw“IƒvƒƒZƒX‚̉Šú’iŠK‚ðŽ¦‚·vB
Hertel didn't actually find that microwaved food caused cancer.
And his "study," which no researchers have tried to reproduce, was
never peer-reviewed of published in a scientific journal.
Hertel‚ÍAŽÀÛ‚É‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ň—‚³‚ꂽH•i‚ªƒKƒ“‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·Ž–ŽÀ‚𔌩‚Å‚«‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
‚»‚µ‚Ä‘¼‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ª‚¾‚êˆêl‚àÄŒ»‚µ‚Ă݂悤‚Æ‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½”Þ‚Ì "Œ¤‹†"‚ÍA‰ÈŠwŽGŽ‚ÅŒöŠJ‚·‚邽‚߂ɸ“Ç‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ÍŒˆ‚µ‚Ä‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
"Without knowing more about how he conducted his study, what he measured,
how he measured it, and what he found, it's impossible to@even begin to evaluate his findings," says Barry Swanson, a
food scientist at Washington State University in Pullman.
u‚Ȃɂ𑪒肵‚½‚Ì‚©A‚Ç‚¤‚â‚Á‚Ä‘ª’肵‚½‚Ì‚©A‚»‚µ‚Ä‚È‚É‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚½‚Ì‚©B”Þ‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚ÉŒ¤‹†‚ðs‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©A‚à‚Á‚ÆÚ‚µ‚•ª‚©‚ç‚È‚‚Ä‚ÍA”Þ‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä•]‰¿‚ðŠJŽn‚·‚邱‚Æ‚³‚¦•s‰Â”\‚Å‚·vƒvƒ‹ƒ}ƒ“‚É‚ ‚郃Vƒ“ƒgƒ“B—§‘åŠw‚ÌH•i‰ÈŠwŽÒABarry Swanson‚ÍŒ¾‚¤B
Hertel has dropped out of public view.
So has William Kopp, described only as a "U.S. researcher," who wrote
an article in 1996 claiming that Cold War research in the Soviet Union had
proven the dangers of microwave ovens.
ƒn[ƒeƒ‹‚ªŒöO‚Ì‘O‚©‚çÁ‚¦‚½B
‚»‚µ‚ÄWilliam Kopp‚ÍuƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒv‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—BˆêA‚±‚ÌŒ‚ð‘‚«‘±‚¯‚½B
”Þ‚ÍA—â펞‘ã‚̃\˜A‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̊댯«‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹LŽ–‚ð1996”N‚É‘‚¢‚½B
ƒBEMSJ’F‚±‚Ì•¶‘‚É‚Í‚±‚Ì1996”N•¶‘‚ÌŒ´“T–¼‚È‚Ç‚ÌЉî‚Í‚È‚¢B„
"People who ingested microwaved foods showed a statistically higher
incidence of stomach and intestinal cancers, plus a generaldegeneration
of peripheral cellular tissues and a gradual breakdown of the function of the
digestive and excretory systems," Kopp wrote.
u“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÅH•i‚ðێ悵‚½l‚ÍAˆÝ‚â’°‚ÌŠà‚Ì“Œv“I‚É—LˆÓ‚É‚‚¢”¶—¦‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ÄAŽü•Ó‚Ì×–E‘gD‚̈ê”Ê“I‚È•Ï«AÁ‰»‚Æ”rŸ•ƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚Ì‘Qi“I‚È‹@”\’ቺ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚½v‚ÆWilliam Kopp‚Í‘‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚éB
The Soviet research was never published and the institute where it was
conducted, in what is now the Republic of Belarus, no longer exists. (The
former Soviet Union may have banned microwave ovens for a short period, but no
countries ban them today.) Kopp himself reportedly changed his name and
vanished, believing that the appliance industry was out to persecute him.
ƒ\˜A‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍŒˆ‚µ‚ÄŒö•\‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
Œ»Ý‚̃xƒ‰ƒ‹[ƒV‹¤˜a‘‚É‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚»‚ê‚ðŒ¤‹†‚µ‚½‹@ŠÖ‚ÍA‚à‚͂⑶݂µ‚È‚¢i‹Œƒ\˜A‚Í’Z‚¢ŠúŠÔ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ð‹ÖŽ~‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚½‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢‚ªA¡“ú‚Å‚Í‹ÖŽ~‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‘‚È‚Ç‚È‚¢jB
•·‚‚Æ‚±‚ë‚É‚æ‚é‚ÆKopp‚͉ü–¼‚µA‚È‚è‚ðö‚ß‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚½‚ªA‚»‚ê‚͉Ɠd‹ÆŠE‚ª”Þ‚ð”—ŠQ‚µ‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚½‚½‚ß‚¾‚ÆM‚¶‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
While Hertel and Kopp are no longer around, their unsubstantiated charges are
all over the Internet.
ƒn[ƒeƒ‹‚ÆKopp‚ÍŒ»Ý‚Å‚ÍŠˆ“®‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ªA”Þ‚ç‚̪‹’‚Ì‚È‚¢”‚̓Cƒ“ƒ^[ƒlƒbƒgã‚ÉL‚ª‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
gThe prolonged eating of microwaved foods causes
cancerous cells to increase in human blood,h says g10 Reasons to Throw Out your Microwave Oven,h an article by Joseph Mercola, an Illinois alternative medicine
physician who operates what he says is the g#1 Natural
Health Siteh on the Internet (www.mercola.com).
u“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚³‚ꂽHÞ‚ð’·Šú‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ÄH‚ׂê‚ÎAƒqƒg‚ÌŒŒ‰t’†‚ÉŠà«‚Ì×–E‚ª‘B‚·‚év‚ÍAu“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðŽÌ‚Ä‚é10‚Ì——Rv‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAƒCƒŠƒmƒCB‚Ì‘ã‘ÖˆãŠwŽÒ‚Å‚ ‚éMercola‚ÍA”Þ‚ª‰^‰c‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒlƒbƒg‚Ìu#1 Natural Health Sitev‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒTƒCƒg‚Ì‹LŽ–‚Ì’†‚Åq‚ׂĂ¢‚éBiŽQÆFwww.mercola.comj
Foods cooked in microwave ovens are ga recipe for
cancer,h adds medical journalist Simon Best on his
Electromagnetic Hazard and Therapy Web site (www.em-hazard-therapy.com).
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚³‚ꂽH•¨‚ÍuŠà‚Ö‚Ì“¹v‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆAˆãŠwƒWƒƒ[ƒiƒŠƒXƒg‚ÌBest‚ÍA”Þ‚ª‰^‰c‚·‚éElectromagnetic Hazard and Therapy Web site
(www.em-hazard-therapy.com)‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒTƒCƒg‚ÅAq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
Hertel and Kopp aside, herefs what we know about
microwave ovens.
ƒn[ƒeƒ‹‚Æ‚j‚‚‚‚Í‚³‚Ä‚¨‚«AˆÈ‰º‚ÉA‰äX‚ª’m‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ɂ‚¢‚Äq‚ׂéB
Inside the Microwave@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì“à•”
i’†—ªj
"While X-rays, gamma radiation [though not irradiated food], and even
sunlight can cause cancer, microwave radiation cannot because it simply doesn't
pack enough power to damage your DNA," says Gary Zeman of the Health
Physics Society in McLean, Virginia.
The Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that promotes radiation
safety.
uXüAƒKƒ“ƒ}üiÆŽË‚³‚ê‚È‚¢H•¨‚Å‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚àjA‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í“úŒõ‚Å‚³‚¦AƒKƒ“‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚邪Aƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É‚Í‚»‚̉”\«‚Í–³‚¢B
‚»‚ê‚Í’Pƒ‚ÉAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ªDNA‚É‘¹‚ð—^‚¦‚é‚قǂ̃pƒ[‚ð—L‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚©‚炾v‚ƃo[ƒWƒjƒABAƒ}ƒNƒŠ[ƒ“‚É‚ ‚é•ÛŒ’•¨—Šw‰ïi•úŽËü‚̈À‘S‚ð„i‚·‚é”ñ‰c—˜‚̉Ȋw“I‚È‘gDj‚ÌGary Zeman‚Í‚»‚¤q‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
i’†—ªj
Cancer@Šà‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä
Forget the charges floating around the Internet.
The gevidenceh that microwaved
foods cause cancer boils down to Hans Hertelfs and
William Koppfs claims.
ƒCƒ“ƒ^[ƒlƒbƒgã‚É—¬‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚锂ð–Y‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚傤B
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚³‚ꂽH•¨‚ªŠà‚ð‹N‚±‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šm؂̓n[ƒeƒ‹‚ÆKopp‚̈ӌ©‚ÉW–ñ‚³‚ê‚éB
gThere is nothing solid,h says
Lawrence Livermorefs Jim Felton, who is also associate
director for cancer control at the Cancer Center at the University of
California, Davis.
uM—Š‚Å‚«‚é‚Ì‚à‚Í‚È‚¢v‚ÆLawrence Livermore‚Ì Jim Felton‚ÍŒ¾‚¤A”ނ̓Jƒ‹ƒtƒHƒ‹ƒjƒAEDavis‘åŠw‚ÌŠàƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚̃Kƒ“ŠÇ—‚Ì•›ŠÄ—Š¯‚Å‚ ‚éB
That may explain why scientists haven't spent time and money looking for a
link. "I can honestly tell you that I have never seen a valid scientific
study--and I pay attention to most of the cooking research out there--that has
given us reason to test whether microwaving food could cause cancer," says
Felton.@"In fact, my research suggests just the
opposite."
‰ÈŠwŽÒ‚ÍAŽžŠÔ‚Æ‚¨‹à‚ð”ï‚₵‚ÄŠÖ˜A‚𒲂ׂ悤‚Æ‚µ‚È‚¢——R‚ðà–¾‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚éB
u—¦’¼‚ÉŒ¾‚¤‚ÆAŽ„‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÅH•i‚ªŠà‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ðƒeƒXƒg‚·‚邽‚ß‚Ì——R‚É‚È‚é‚悤‚ÈA—LŒø‚ȉȊw“IŒ¤‹†‚ð - Ž„‚Í‚»‚̂悤‚È’²—‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚錤‹†‚Ì‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‚É’ˆÓ‚𕥂Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚¾‚ª - ˆê“x‚½‚è‚Æ‚àŒ©‚½‚±‚Æ‚ª‚È‚¢v‚ÆFelton‚Íq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
uŽÀ‚Ì‚Æ‚±‚ëAŽ„‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚Í‚Ü‚Á‚½‚”½‘΂̂±‚Æ‚ðŽ¦´‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éBv
Grilling or frying meat and poultry can create heterocyclic amines, which may
cause cancer.
When Felton and his colleagues briefly microwaved meats and drained off the
juices before grilling, most of the precursors of those potential carcinogens
were lost along with the juices.
“÷‚⎵–Ê’¹‚ð–ÔÄ‚«‚â–û‚Åàu‚߂邱‚Æ‚ÍA”‚ª‚ñ«‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢•¡‘fŠÂŽ®ƒAƒ~ƒmŽ_‚ð¶‚Ýo‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Felton‚Æ‹¤“¯Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ª“÷‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µA–ÔÄ‚«‚Ì‘O‚É“÷`‚ðŠO‚Éo‚µ‚½ŽžA”‚ª‚ñ•¨Ž¿‚Ìæ‹ì‘Ì‚Ì‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‚ª“÷`‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚ÉŽ¸‚í‚ꂽB
gI generally recommend that patients microwave their
meats for one to five minutes and discard the juices before grilling,h says researcher Cyndi Thomson of the Arizona Cancer Center at the
University of Arizona in Tucson.
uŽ„‚ÍAŠ³ŽÒ‚É–ÔÄ‚«‚·‚é‘O‚É“÷`‚ðŽÌ‚ÄA‚»‚ê‚©‚ç‚P•ª‚©‚ç‚T•ªŠÔA“÷‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðíX‚É…„§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚év‚ÆATucson‚̃AƒŠƒ]ƒi‘åŠw‚̃AƒŠƒ]ƒi‚ª‚ñƒZƒ“ƒ^[‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒThompson‚ÍŒ¾‚¤¡
Nutrients ‰h—{
If you microwave your food, gyoufre zapping away nutrients and risking your health,h charges physician Joseph Mercola, who recommends that consumers get
rid of their microwave ovens and eat at least a third of their food raw.
‚à‚µH•¨‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µ‚½‚çAu‰h—{‘f‚ðŽE‚µAŒ’N‚ɃŠƒXƒN‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·v‚ÆAˆãŠwŽÒ‚ÌMercola‚Í”‚·‚éA”Þ‚ÍAÁ”ïŽÒ‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðˆ•ª‚µAHÞ‚Ì‚R•ª‚Ì‚P‚Ͷ‚ÅH‚ׂ邱‚Æ‚ð„§‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
"Actually, microwaving retains more nutrients than other forms of cooking,
if you don't use a lot of water and don't overcook the food," says food
scientist Barry Swanson.
uŽÀÛ‚É‚ÍA…‚𑽗p‚¹‚¸A‰ßè‚É’²—‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚Í‘¼‚Ì’²—•û–@‚æ‚è‚à‘½‚‚̉h—{‘f‚ð•ÛŽ‚·‚év‚ÆH•i‰ÈŠwŽÒBarry Swanson‚ÍŒ¾‚¤B
"For some reason, people think heat breaks down vitamins, but most
vitamins are really very stable to heat. Nutrients are mostly lost into the
water, and there's no reason to add water to vegetables or anything else that
already contains a lot of water."
u‚È‚ñ‚ç‚©‚Ì——R‚ÅAlX‚͉Á”M‚ªƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ð”j‰ó‚·‚é‚Æl‚¦‚éB‚µ‚©‚µA‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚ǂ̃rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ÍAŽÀÛ‚É‚Í”M‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”ñí‚ɈÀ’è‚Å‚ ‚éB‰h—{‘f‚Ì‘½‚‚Í…‚É—n‚¯o‚µ‚ÄŽ¸‚í‚ê‚éB‚»‚µ‚Ä–ìØA‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í‚à‚Æ‚à‚Æ…•ª‚𑽂ŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂɂÍA‘½—Ê‚Ì…‚ð’ljÁ‚·‚é——R‚Í‚È‚¢Bv
Too much water was apparently the problem in a 2003 study in which European
researchers reported that microwaving broccoli in a bowl of water destroyed
nearly all of several flavonoids, while steaming had only a mild effect on
them. (Flavonoids are plant compounds that may help protect against heart
disease and cancer, though the evidence is scanty.)
2003”N‚Ƀˆ[ƒƒbƒp‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ªAƒ{ƒEƒ‹‚Ì…‚Ì’†‚̃uƒƒbƒRƒŠ‚ð“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µ‚½ŽžA”Ží—ނ̃tƒ‰ƒ{ƒmƒCƒh‚Ì‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç‘S‚Ä‚ª”j‰ó‚³‚ꂽiƒXƒ`[ƒ€‚É‚æ‚é’²—‚ÌꇂÍA‚²‚Œy‚¢‰e‹¿‚Ì‚Ý‚¾‚Á‚½j‚Æ•ñ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪A‚±‚ÌŒ‹‰Ê‚͉ßè‚È…‚ÉŒ´ˆö‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½‚ÆŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éBiƒtƒ‰ƒ{ƒmƒCƒh‚ÍAØ‹’‚Í•s\•ª‚Å‚Í‚ ‚邪AS‘Ÿ”ì‚âƒKƒ“‚©‚çŽç‚Á‚Ä‚‚ê‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éA•¨‚̬•ªj
That research isn't relevant to household microwaving, says Swanson.
"Basically, the researchers added far too much water and@microwaved the living daylights out of the broccoli."
‚»‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚͉ƒë‚Å‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚ÆŠÖŒW‚ª‚È‚¢A‚ÆSwanson‚ÍŒ¾‚¤B
uŠî–{“I‚ÉA‚»‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í‚ ‚Ü‚è‚É‚à‘½‚‚Ì…‚ð‰Á‚¦‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚±‚ê‚̓uƒƒbƒRƒŠ‚Ì’²—‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í’Êí‚Å‚Íl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢v
Wrapps,Containers,& Packageng •ï‚Ý‚â“ü‚ꕨA•ï‘•
i’†—ª)
i•ï‘•—eŠí‚È‚Ç‚©‚ç—n‚¯o‚·‹°‚ê‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é‹LqFŠ„ˆ¤j
Do microwave ovens leak radiation? “dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚©‚ç“dŽ¥”g‚ª‚à‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚Í‚ ‚é‚Ì‚¾‚낤‚©H
"The FDA discontinued field testing them in the early 1980s, in part
because of budget cutbacks and in part because few ovens didn't meet federal
safety standards," says George Kraus of the agency's Center for Devices
and Radiological Health.
uFDA‚Í1980”N‘㉂߂ÉA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̃eƒXƒgŽÀŽ{‚𒆎~‚µ‚½B——R‚̂ЂƂ‚͗\ŽZ팸‚¾‚ªA•Ê‚Ì——R‚͘A–M‚̈À‘SŠî€‚ð–ž‚½‚³‚È‚¢“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ª‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç–³‚©‚Á‚½‚½‚ß‚¾v‚ÆAˆã—Ë@ŠíE•úŽËü•ÛŒ’ƒZƒ“ƒ^[’¡‚ÌGeorge Kraus‚ÍŒ¾‚¤B
In 2000, Health Canada (the Canadian equivalent of the Department of Health and
Human Services) tested 60 new microwave ovens and103 used ovens. None of the
new ones, and only one of the used ones, exceeded Canada's stringent leakage
limits, which are similar to the U.S. limits.
The one oven that failed was 23 years old.
2000”N‚É‚ÍAƒJƒiƒ_•ÛŒ’È(•ÛŒ’ŽÐ‰ï•ŸŽƒÈ‚É‘Š“–‚·‚éƒJƒiƒ_‚ÌÈ’¡)‚ªA60‘ä‚ÌV•i‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚¨‚æ‚Ñ103‘ä‚Ì’†ŒÃ‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðƒeƒXƒg‚µ‚½B
ƒJƒiƒ_‚ÌŒµŠi‚ȘR‰kŒÀ“x‚ð‰z‚¦‚½‚Ì‚Í’†ŒÃ•i‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚Ì‚½‚Á‚½1‘ä‚ÅAV•i‚Å‚ÍŠF–³‚¾‚Á‚½B
‚±‚̘R‰kŒÀ“x’l‚Í•Ä‘‚Ì‹K’è‚Æ‚Ù‚Ú“¯‡‚È‚à‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
ŒÀ“x‚ð‰z‚¦‚½1‘ä‚ÍA23”N‘O‚Ì’†ŒÃ‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚¾‚Á‚½B
"Leakage of microwaves can only occur if the cooking chamber--including
the metal grid over the front window and the seals around the door--has holes
in it," says the University of Virginia's Louis Bloomfield.
uƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚̘R‰k‚ª¶‚¶‚é‰Â”\«‚ª‚ ‚é‚Ì‚ÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ìâž‘Ì(³–Ê‚Ì‘‹‚𕢂¤‹à‘®ƒOƒŠƒbƒh‚¨‚æ‚уhƒA‚Ì‚Ü‚í‚è‚̃V[ƒ‹‚ðŠÜ‚Þ)‚ÉŒŠ‚ª‚ ‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚«‚¾‚¯‚¾v‚ƃo[ƒWƒjƒA‘åŠw‚ÌLouis Bloomfield‚ÍŒ¾‚¤B
And even in the unlikely event that your microwave does leak, you're not going
to be showered with radiation.
Microwaves lose intensity rapidly as they spread out.
By the time they've traveled a foot of so from a small leak, they've
effectively disappeared.
‚Ü‚½Aƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g˜R‰k‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚ ‚è‚»‚¤‚à‚È‚¢o—ˆŽ–‚ª‹N‚±‚Á‚½‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚àA“dŽ¥”g‚ð‘å—Ê‚É—‚Ñ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚Í‚È‚ç‚È‚¢‚¾‚낤B
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ÍŠgŽU‚·‚é‚Æ‚Æ‚à‚É‚»‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‹“x‚ª‹}‘¬‚ɒቺ‚·‚éB
¬‚³‚ȘR‚êŒû‚©‚ç1ƒtƒB[ƒg‚Ì‹óŠÔ‚ð“`”À‚·‚éŠÔ‚ÉA‚»‚ê‚ç‚ÍŽ–ŽÀã–³Ž‹‚Å‚«‚郌ƒxƒ‹‚ɒቺ‚µ‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚¤B
–––––––––––––––––––––––
‚P‚VN‚Å
uƒn[ƒeƒ‹‚ªŒöO‚Ì‘O‚©‚çÁ‚¦‚½B
‚»‚µ‚ÄWilliam Kopp‚ÍuƒAƒƒŠƒJ‚ÌŒ¤‹†ŽÒv‚Æ‚µ‚Ä—BˆêA‚±‚ÌŒ‚ð‘‚«‘±‚¯‚½B
”Þ‚ÍA—â펞‘ã‚̃\˜A‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̊댯«‚ðŠm”F‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹LŽ–‚ð1996”N‚É‘‚¢‚½Bv@‚Æ‚ ‚éB
BEMSJ’F‚±‚Ì17N‚ÅЉ‚½•¶‘‚É‚Í‚±‚Ì1996”N•¶‘‚ÌŒ´“T–¼‚È‚Ç‚ÌЉî‚Í‚È‚¢B
Œ´“T‚Í‚Ç‚±‚É‚ ‚é‚©H
”s”N‚Í•sÚ‚ÅAˆÈ‰º‚Ì•¶‘‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ÍA—lX‚ÈWEBƒTƒCƒg‚ÅЉ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚ÌŒ´•¶ƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚ÍAƒlƒbƒgŒŸõ‚Å‚ÍŒ©‚‚©‚ç‚È‚¢B
–––––––––––––––––––––––
FORENSIC RESEARCH DOCUMENT
Prepared By: William P. Kopp
R. E. C. Research Operations
TO617R10/1077F05
RELEASE PRIORITY: CLASS I ROO1a
––––––––––––––––––––––––
ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŽGŽ‚É“]Ú‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½B@Œ´•¶@PDFƒtƒ@ƒCƒ‹‚Í‚±‚¿‚ç‚Ö
ŒfÚŽFThe Journal of Natural Science Volume 1 No. 1@April June 1998
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of Microwaves on Humans
FORENSIC RESEARCH DOCUMENT T061-7RIO/10-77F05;
RELEASE PRIORITY: CLASS 1 ROOla
’˜ŽÒFWilliam P. Kopp@Portland,
Oregon, U.S.A.
1976”N‚Ƀ\˜A‚Ì–@‹K§‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‰ÓŠ‚Ì‚Ý‚ðˆÈ‰º‚Ɉø—p‚·‚éB
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚鶕¨Šwã‚̉e‹¿
Exposure to microwave emissions also had an unpredictably negative effect upon
the general biological welfare of humans.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚É”˜˜I‚·‚é‚ÆAƒqƒg‚̶•¨Šw“I‚ÈŒ’Nó‘Ô‚É—\Šú‚¹‚Ê—LŠQ‚ȉe‹¿‚ª‚à‚½‚炳‚ê‚éB
This was not discovered until the Russians experimented with highly
sophisticated equipment and discovered that a human did not even need to ingest
the material substance of the microwaved food substances: that even exposure to
the energy-field itself was sufficient to cause such adverse side effects that
the use of any such microwave apparatus was forbidden in 1976 by Soviet state
law.
‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ÍAƒƒVƒA‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä”ñí‚É‚度‚È‹@Ší‚ð—p‚¢‚½ŽÀŒ±‚ª行‚í‚ê‚é‚Ü‚Å‚Í”»‚ç‚È‚©‚Á‚½B‚»‚µ‚ÄAƒqƒg‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW’²理‚³‚ꂽH‚ו¨‚ÉŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚镨Ž¿‚ðÛŽæ‚·‚é•K—v‚³‚¦‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B“dŽ¥”g‚Ö‚Ì”˜˜I‚ÍA1976年ƒ\ƒrƒGƒg˜A–M‚Ì–@律‚É‚æ‚è‹ÖŽ~‚³‚ꂽ‚»‚̂悤‚ȃ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‹@Ší‚ÌŽg—p‚ªAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Ì—LŠQ‚È•›ì—p‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚É‚ÍA\•ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
The following are the enumerated effects:
ˆÈ‰º‚ÍA列‹“‚³‚ꂽ‚»‚̉e‹¿‚Å‚ ‚éB
1. A breakdown of the human "life-energy
field" in those who were exposed to microwave ovens while in operation,
with side-effects to the human energy field of increasingly longer duration;
‰Ò“®’†‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚³‚炳‚ꂽl‚Ìu¶–½ƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[êv‚ª”j‰ó‚³‚ê‚éB‚»‚ê‚ÍA¶–½ƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[ê‚ÌŽüŠú‚ª‚æ‚è’·‚‚È‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤•›ì—p‚𔺂¤B
2. A degeneration of the cellular voltage parallels during the process of using
the apparatus, especially in the blood@and lymphatic
areas;
‹@Ší‚Ìì“®’†‚ÉA×–E‚Ì“dˆÊ•½t«‚ªA‚Æ‚è‚킯ŒŒ‰t‚ƃŠƒ“ƒpŒn‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄŒ¸‚·‚éB
3. A degeneration and destabilization of the external energy activated
potentials of food utilization within the processes of human metabolism;
l‚Ì‘ãŽÓ‰ß’ö‚Ì’†‚ÅAH‚ו¨‚ð利—p‚·‚éŠO•”Šˆ«‰»ƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[‚ÌöÝ”\力‚ª’ቺ‚µA‚©‚ÂA不ˆÀ’è‚É‚È‚éB
4. A degeneration and destabilization of
internal cellular membrane potentials while transferring catabolic [metabolic
breakdown] processes into the blood serum from the digestive process;
‘ãŽÓ‚Æ•ª‰ð‚̉ߒö‚ªÁ‰»ŠíŒn‚©‚猌´’†‚ɈÚ行‚·‚éˆê•ûA“à‘¤×–E–Œ‚ÌöÝ”\力‚ª’ቺ‚µA‚©‚ÂA不ˆÀ’è‚É‚È‚éB
5. Degeneration and circuit breakdowns of
electrical nerve impulses within the junction potentials of the cerebrum [the
front portion of the brain where thought and higher functions reside];
‘å”]i”]‚Ì‘O–ʂɈʒu‚µAŽvl‚Æ‚ŽŸ‚Ì‹@”\‚ðŽi‚éj‚̘AŒg“dˆÊ‚Ì“d‹C“I_ŒoM†ƒpƒ‹ƒX‚ªŽã‘̉»‚µA‚©‚ÂA‰ñ路‚ª”j’]‚·‚éB
6. A degeneration and breakdown of nerve electrical circuits and loss of energy
field symmetry in the neuroplexuses [nerve centers]
both in the front and the rear of the central and autonomic nervous systems;
‘O•”‚ƌ㕔‘o•û‚Ì’†•_Œo‚ÆŽ©律_ŒoŒn‚Ì_Œo’†•‚̃Gƒlƒ‹ƒM[ê‚Ì•½t«‚ªŽ¸‚í‚êA“d‹C“I_Œo‰ñ路‚ªŽã‘̉»‚Æ”j’]‚ª‹N‚±‚éB
7. Loss of balance and circuiting of the bioelectric strengths within the
ascending reticular activating system [the system which controls the function
of consciousness];
ã行–ÔóŒni‚ŽŸ‚̈Ó識‚ðŽi‚éj“à‚É‚¨‚¢‚ÄA¶‘Ì“d‹C“I‹Žã‚̃oƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Ɖñ路‚ªŽ¸‚í‚ê‚éB
8. A long term cumulative loss of vital
energies within humans, animals and plants that were located within a 500-meter
radius of the operational equipment;
“®ì‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”¶Œ¹‚æ‚蔼Œa500ƒ[ƒgƒ‹ˆÈ“à‚É‚¢‚élA“®•¨AA•¨‚̶–½ƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[‚ªA’·ŠúŠÔ‚ɂ킽‚Á‚Ä累Ï“I‚ÉŒ¸Š‚·‚éB
9. Long lasting residual effects of magnetic "deposits" were located
throughout the nervous system and lymphaticsystem;
Ž¥‹C‘ÍÏ‚Ì’·ŽžŠÔÁ‚¦‚È‚¢Žc—¯Œø‰Ê‚ªA_ŒoŒn‚ƃŠƒ“ƒpŒn‚É‚‚Ü‚È‚‘¶Ý‚·‚éB
ƒBEMSJ’Fresidual effects of
Magnetic Deposits‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚ª•s–¾B‚à‚µ‚±‚ꂪu“dŽ¥”g‚à‚µ‚‚ÍŽ¥ŠE‚ª_Œo‚⃊ƒ“ƒpŒn‚É‚ ‚éŒø‰Ê‚ðŽ‚Á‚ÄŽc—¯‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Å‚ ‚ê‚ÎAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½“dŽ¥”g‚ÍŠî–{“I‚ÉŽc—¯Œø‰Ê‚ª–³‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚Ì‚X€‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚ÈŒë‚è‚Æ‚È‚éB„
10. A destabilization and interruption in the production of hormones and
maintenance of hormonal balance in males and females;
ƒzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“‚̶¬‚ƃzƒ‹ƒ‚ƒ“ƒoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚̈ێ‚ªA’j«女«‘o•û‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä不ˆÀ’è‚É‚È‚èA‘jŠQ‚³‚ê‚éB
11. Markedly higher levels of brainwave
disturbance in the alpha, theta, and delta wave signal patterns of persons
exposed to microwave emission fields, and;
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥”g‚ð—‚Ñ‚½l‚Ì”]”g‚̃Aƒ‹ƒtƒ@”gAƒV[ƒ^”gAƒfƒ‹ƒ^”g‚ÌM†ƒpƒ^[ƒ“‚ªA”ñí‚ÉŒ°’˜‚É–WŠQ‚³‚ê‚éB
ƒBEMSJ’F‚±‚Ì€‚à‹^–â‚Å‚ ‚éBƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜I‚Å”]”g‚ª•Ï‚í‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†‚Í‚È‚¢‚Ì‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚©B„
12. Because of this brainwave disturbance, negative psychological effects were
noted, including loss of memory, loss of ability to concentrate, suppressed
emotional threshold, deceleration of intellective processes, and interruptive
sleep episodes in a statistically higher percentage of individuals subjected to
continual range emissive field effects of microwave apparatus, either in
cooking apparatus or in transmission stations.
‚±‚¤‚µ‚½”]”g‚Ö‚Ì–WŠQ‚䂦‚ÉAˆÈ‰º‚̉A«‚ÌS理“I‚ȉe‹¿‚ª•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB•¨–Y‚êAW’†力Œ‡”@AŠ´î臒l‚Ì—}§A’m“IŠˆ“®‚ÌŒ¸‘ÞA不–°‚È‚Ç‚ÌÇó‚ªA•Ï“dŠ‚⓮쒆‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW“™‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‹@Ší‚̘A‘±‚µ‚½”˜˜I‚É‚æ‚éŒø‰Ê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAŒÂX‚ÌlX‚ÉA“Œv“I‚É‚‚¢Šm—¦‚ÅA•ñ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
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ˆÈã‚Ì‚P‚Q€–Ú‚Í‹Œƒ\˜AŽž‘ã‚ÌŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚Æ‚³‚ê‚邪A‚P‚Q€–Ú‘S‚Ä‚ªA”ñ‰ÈŠw“I‚ÅA’´í“I‚Èu‰F’ˆƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[v‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½˜b‚ÉŽ—‚Ä‚¢‚é—l‚ÉŒ©‚¦‚éB
‚±‚ê‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚Ì‚P‚Q€–Ú‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚µ‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ÌŽg—p‚ð–@‹K§‚·‚邱‚Æ‚Í–¾‚ç‚©‚É”ñ‰ÈŠw“I‚Å‚ ‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
‚±‚ÌKopp‚ÌŒ´•¶‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚àA1976”N‚Ƀ\˜A‚ª“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Ì–@‹K§‚ðs‚Á‚½Œ³ƒlƒ^‚ÍЉ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
‚±‚ÌŽGŽ‚Ɉȉº‚Ì•ÒWŽÒ’‹L‚ª‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
KOPP GOT IN THE WAY OF@THE Microwave Oven Lobby
Kopp‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‹ÆŠE‚̎ז‚‚ð‚µ‚½B
The original of this forensic research
document is to be found@in the Archives of the Atlantis
Rising Educational Center@in Port-land, Oregon.
‚±‚Ì–@’ì’²¸•¶‘‚ÌŒ´–{‚ÍAƒIƒŒƒSƒ“Bƒ|[ƒgƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚ÌAtlantis
Rising Educational Center‚Ì•ÛŠÇ•¶‘‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚éB
The autthor William
Kopp worked there from 1977 to 1979.
•MŽÒ‚ÌWEKopp‚Í1977”N‚©‚ç1979”N‚ÉA‚»‚±‚Å“‚¢‚½B
Already twenty years ago Kopp gathered all
documents known so far concerning the scientific proofs about microwaves
'harmful effects on humans.
Šù‚É20”NˆÈã‘O‚̘b‚Å‚ ‚邪AKopp‚̓}ƒCƒNƒ”g“dŽ¥”g‚ªƒqƒg‚É—LŠQ‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Ƃɂ‚¢‚ÄA‰ÈŠw“I‚Ș_‹’‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚³‚ê‚镶‘‚ðŽûW‚µ‚½B
By doing this he got in the way of a powerful
lobby and was forced later on to even change his name and to disappear.
‚»‚¤‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA”Þ‚Í‹—Í‚È‹ÆŠE‚ðŽ×–‚‚µA‚»‚µ‚ÄŒã“úA–¼‚ð•Ï‚¦‚ÄA¢ŠÔ‚©‚ç‰B‚ê‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚‚È‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––––––––––––
‚±‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚çuKopp‚ª1996”N‚É‘‚¢‚½EEEEv‚Ì•¶‘‚Æ‚¢‚Ì‚ÍŒë‚è‚ÅAKopp‚Í1977”N]1979”N‚ÌŠÔ‚ÉAã‹L‚Ì•¶‘‚ð‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚½‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB
‚Q‚O‚P‚U|‚R|‚Q‚S
–2006”N ‚Éî•ñ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAˆÈ‰º‚ÌŽÀŒ±•ñ‚ª‚v‚d‚aƒTƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½B
uMicrowaved Water - See What It Does To Plantsvi“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚½…FA•¨‚ɉ½‚ª‹N‚±‚é‚©Hj‚Æ‚¢‚¤‘è‚ÅA
http://rense.com/general70/microwaved.htm@ƒ2016-3-23ƒŠƒ“ƒNØ‚ê„‚É‚ ‚Á‚½‚à‚Ì‚Å‚·B
“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚Ä‚©‚ç—â‚₵‚½…(“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW…)‚ÆA’Êí‚̃Xƒg[ƒu‚â‚â‚©‚ñ‚ʼnÁ”M‚µ‚Ä‚©‚ç—â‚₵‚½…i’Êí‰Á”M…j‚ðA•¨‚É‚©‚¯‚ÄA9“úŠÔ‚ÌA•¨‚Ì󋵂ðŠÏŽ@‚µ‚½Œ‹‰ÊA–¾Šm‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW…‚Ì–@‚ÌA•¨‚ªŒÍ‚ꂽB
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––––––––––––––––––––
The Proven Dangers of Microwaves@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚̊댯«‚ÌŠm”F
A LAW SUIT Ù”»
In early 1991, word leaked out about a lawsuit in Oklahoma. A woman named Norma
Levitt had hip surgery, only to be killed by a simple blood transfusion when a
nurse "warmed the blood for the transfusion in a microwave oven"!
Blood for transfusions is routinely warmed-but not in microwave ovens! In the
case of Mrs Levitt, the microwaving altered the blood
and it killed her.
1991”N‚̉“ªAƒIƒNƒ‰ƒzƒ}B‚Å‚ÌÙ”»‚̘b‚ª‚ ‚Á‚½B
Norma@Levitt‚Æ‚¢‚¤—«‚Í‚¨K‚ÌŽèp‚ðŽó‚¯‚½B
ŠÅŒì•w‚ª“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼn·‚ß‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ð—AŒŒ‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ÅAŽ€–S‚µ‚½B
—AŒŒ‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÌŒŒ‰t‚͉·‚ß‚ç‚ê‚éA‚µ‚©‚µA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðŽg‚í‚È‚¢B
Levitt‚³‚ñ‚ÌꇂÍA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é‰Á”M‚ªŒŒ‰t‚ð•Ï«‚µAŽ€‚ÉŽŠ‚炵‚ß‚½B
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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‚Qjʼn‚ÉŒ©‚‚¯‚½ŠT—v‚ðŽ¦‚·î•ñ
http://www.alive.com/articles/view/22971/cooking_up_controversy@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
–––––––––––––––––
Are microwave ovens safe?@“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚͈À‘S‚©H
An unusual lawsuit@’¿‚µ‚¢Ù”»
Norma Levittfs death in 1991 resulted in a lawsuit against the
Oklahoma hospital and staff who operated on her.
The lawsuit alleged that blood warmed in a microwave oven was used in a
transfusion following a routine hip replacement on Levitt.
The hospital maintained the cause of death was from a blood clot and not from
the microwaved blood. The court found
the hospital and staff not guilty.
1991”N‚ÌNorma@Levitt‚ÌŽ€‚̓IƒNƒ‰ƒzƒ}Žs‚Ì•a‰@‚ÆŽèp‚ð’S“–‚µ‚½ƒXƒ^ƒbƒt‚ð‘ŠŽè‚É‚µ‚½Ù”»‚É‚È‚Á‚½B
Levitt‚Ì‚¨K‚ÌŽèp‚É”º‚¤—AŒŒ‚ðs‚¤ŽžA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼn·‚ß‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚½‚±‚Æ‚ªŒ´ˆö‚ÆÙ”»‚ÅŽå’£‚µ‚½B
•a‰@‚ÍŽ€ˆö‚𒲸‚µA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚ÌŒŒ‰t‚Å‚Í‚È‚AŒŒ‰t‚Ì‚©‚½‚܂肪Œ´ˆö‚Æ‚µ‚½B
–@’ì‚Å‚Í•a‰@‚ƃXƒ^ƒbƒt‚Í–³ß‚Æ‚È‚Á‚½B
–––––––––––––––
‚RjƒIƒNƒ‰ƒzƒ}B‚ÌŒ»’n‚ÌV•·ŽÐuTulsa@Worldv‚̃TƒCƒg‚É‚ ‚Á‚½‹LŽ–‚©‚çÚ×î•ñ
http://www.tulsaworld.com/‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
–Published 6/8/1991@Suit Alleges Microwaved Blood Killed Woman
1991”N6ŒŽ8“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–@u“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼn·‚ß‚½ŒŒ‰t‚ª—«‚ðŽE‚µ‚½‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÙ”»v
ƒÚׂ̋LŽ–‚Í•sÚ„
–Published: 4/21/1993@
Warmed-Blood Suit Entering Courtroom
1993”N4ŒŽ21“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u‰·‚ß‚½ŒŒ‰t‚É‚æ‚éÙ”»‚ª–@’ì‚ÅŽn‚Ü‚év
Jury selection is to begin Wednesday in the trial of a lawsuit that alleges a
73-year-old Bristow woman died in 1989 because she received a transfusion of
blood that had been warmed in a microwave oven at Hillcrest Medical Center.
1989”N‚ÉŽ€–S‚µ‚½773Ë‚Ì—«‚ÍAHillcrest•a‰@‚ÅA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼn·‚ß‚½ŒŒ‰t‚Ì—AŒŒ‚ðŽó‚¯‚½‚½‚ß‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚µ‚½Ù”»‚ÌŽÀŽ¿Ž–ŽÀR‹cTrial‚ª…—j“ú‚ÉŽn‚Ü‚éB
–May 8, 1993
Doctor Says He Didn't Hear Warming Order
1993”N5ŒŽ8“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uˆãŽt‚͉·‚ß‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŽwŽ¦‚ð•·‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ÆØŒ¾v
Mrs. Levitt's survivors have sued 20 individual and corporate defendants,
seeking $15 million in actual damages and $15 million in punitive damages.
Levitt‚̈⑰‚ÍŽÀ‘¹15•S–œƒhƒ‹A’¦”±“I‚È”±‹à‚Æ‚µ‚Ä15•S–œ‰~‚ð—v‹‚µ‚ÄA20‚Ì”í‚ð‘i‚¦‚½B
ƒ‡Œv‚Å30•S–œƒhƒ‹A1ƒhƒ‹100‰~‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‡Œv‚Å30‰‰~‚Ì¿‹„
–May 12, 1993
Woman Eagerly Awaited Hip Surgery, Jurors Told
1993”N5ŒŽ12“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u—«‚Í”MS‚É‚¨K‚ÌŽèp‚ð‘Ò‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Æ”†Rˆõ‚ÍŒê‚Á‚½v
Hillcrest contends the death is linked to the lungs being clogged by abnormal
particles released in the blood during surgery.
Hillcrest•a‰@‚ÍAŽèp’†‚É”x‚Ɉٕ¨‚ª‹l‚Ü‚Á‚½‚±‚Æ‚ªŒ´ˆö‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA‘ˆ‚Á‚½B
–May 14, 1993
15 Defendants Released From Microwaved-Blood Suit
1993”N5ŒŽ14“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u15‚Ì”í‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚錌‰tÙ”»‚©‚ç‰ð•ú‚³‚ꂽv
A Tulsa judge Thursday dismissed 15 of the 20 defendants in a lawsuit linked to
the 1989 death of a woman who was transfused with blood that had been warmed in
a microwave oven.
Ù”»Š¯‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ʼn·‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŒŒ‰t‚ª—AŒŒ‚³‚ꂽ—«‚Ì1989”N‚ÌŽ€‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éÙ”»‚ÅA20‚Ì”í‚Ì’†‚Å15‚Ì”í‚ð‰ð•ú‚µ‚½i–³ß‚Æ”F’肵‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡HjB
After the plaintiffs rested their case, District Judge David Peterson found
insufficient evidence to hold four Hillcrest entities, two medical
corporations, and nine physicians as defendants in the wrongful-death action
filed by survivors of Norma Levitt.
’n•ûÙ”»Š¯D. Peterson‚ÍANorma@Levitt‚̈⑰‚ª’ñ‹N‚µ‚½u•s“–‚ÈŽ€‚ÉŽŠ‚炵‚߂銈“®v‚ð‚µ‚½‚Æ‚³‚ꂽ”í‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÌHillcrest‚Ì4‘gD‘ÌAˆã—ÉïŽÐ2ŽÐA9–¼‚̈ãŽt‚É‚ÍA\•ª‚ÈØ‹’‚ª‚È‚¢‚Æ”F’肵‚½B
–May 19, 1993
Defendants Win Blood Lawsuit
1993”N5ŒŽ19“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚Å”í‚ÍŸ‘iv
In a victory for the defense, a jury Tuesday awarded no money to family members
of a woman who died in 1989 after receiving blood that was warmed in a
microwave oven at Hillcrest Medical Center.
”í‚ÌŸ‘i‚ÅAÙ”»Š¯‚͉Ηj“úAHillcrest•a‰@‚Å“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ðŽg‚Á‚ĉ·‚ß‚ç‚ꂽŒŒ‰t‚ð—AŒŒ‚³‚ꂽŒã‚ÉA1989”N‚ÉŽ€‚ñ‚¾—«‚̉Ƒ°‚É•âž‹à‚ð—^‚¦‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
After five hours of deliberations(“¢‹c) over
two days, 10 of the 12 jurors resolved all legal issues in favor of Hillcrest
Medical CenterD
2“úŠÔ‚É‹y‚Ô5ŽžŠÔ‚Ì“¢‹c‚ÌŒã‚ÅA12–¼’†10–¼‚Ì”†Rˆõ‚ÍAHillcrest•a‰@‚Ì–@“I‚ÈØŒ¾“™‚ÉŽ^¬‚µ‚½B
–May 23, 1993
Levitt Family Members Seek New Trial in Microwaved Blood Suit
1993”N5ŒŽ23“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uLevitt‚̉Ƒ°‚Í“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”M‚ÌŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚ÅAÄ“x‚ÌŽÀŽ¿“I‚ÈŽ–ŽÀR‹cTrial‚ð—v‹v
–Jun 27, 1993
Former Advocate Sues Levitt Family Over Fees
1993”N6ŒŽ27“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uEEEE@‚¤‚Ü‚–󂹂¸v
A Tulsa law firm, discharged after a courtroom defeat in the Norma Levitt
microwaved blood case, on Friday sued its former clients.
The firm of Wilkinson & Monaghan sued three survivors of Mrs. Levitt to
enforce an agreement on payment of costs and attorney fees incurred in pursuing
two suits stemming from the 1989 death of Mrs. Levitt.
Norma@Levitt‚Ì“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‰Á”MŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é–@’ì‚Å”s–k‚µ‚½ŒãAŒ´‚©‚çŽñ‚ðØ‚ç‚ꂽTulsa‚Ì–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ÍA‚©‚‚Ă̌ڋq‚Å‚ ‚錴‚ðA’ñ‘i‚µ‚½B
WilkinsonEMoaghan–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ÍLevitt‚Ì3–¼‚̈⑰‚ªALevitt‚Ì1989”N‚ÌŽ€–S‚©‚ç“ñ‚‚ÌÙ”»‚ÉŽŠ‚é‚Ü‚Å‚É”ï‚₵‚½”ï—p‚Æ•ÙŒìŽm‘ã‚ÌŽx•¥‚¢‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚éŒ_–ñ‚ÌŽÀs‚ð‹‚ß‚ÄA’ñ‘i‚µ‚½B
The suit filed Friday states that Wilkinson's firm, under a 1990 agreement with
the family members, is to be paid one-half of any recoveryi–@FàŽY‚̉ñ•œji•âž‹à‚̈Ӗ¡Hj in the case. If
no recovery is made, no attorney fees are owed, that agreement said.
Wikkinson–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ª‹à—j“ú‚É’ño‚µ‚½‘ió‚Å‚ÍAˆâ‘°‚Æ‚Ì1990”N‚ÌŒ_–ñ‘‚Å‚ÍAÙ”»‚Å”…ž‹àRecovery‚𓾂½ê‡A”¼Šz‚ª–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ÉŽx•¥‚¢A”…ž‹à‚ª‚È‚¢ê‡‚Í•ÙŒìŽm‘ã‚ÌŽx•¥‚¢‹`–±‚Í‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤–ñ‘©‚Å‚ ‚éB
However, the family members are responsible for paying costs and expenses
incurred by Wilkinson's firm in pursuing the suits linked to Mrs. Levitt's death,
regardless of whether any money was recovered, the suit states.
‚µ‚©‚µAŒ´‚̉Ƒ°‚É‚ÍWilkinson–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ªLevitt‚ÌŽ€‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚½Ù”»‚Ì‹s‚Å”ï‚₵‚½Œo”ï‚Æ”ï—p‚ÌŽx•¥‚¢‚Ì‹`–±‚ª‚ ‚é‚ÆAŽå’£‚µ‚½B
–Aug 26, 1993
Settlement Affirms Verdict In Microwave Blood Case
1993”N8ŒŽ26“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u˜a‰ð‚Å“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚Ì”»Œˆ‚ðŠm”Fv
A confidential settlement was reached Wednesday to eliminate any appeal of a
Tulsa jury's sweepingverdict for the defense in the
microwaved blood case.
A resolution was reached of two lawsuits - one alleging a wrongful death, the
other an attempt to conceal the cause of death - filed by survivors of Norma
Levitt.
…—j“ú‚ÉA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÙ”»Š¯‚ÌL”͈͂Ȕ»Œˆ‚ÉŠÖ‚·‚é’ñ‘i‚ðŽæ‚è‚â‚ß‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤”ñŒöŠJ‚̘a‰ð‚É’B‚µ‚½B
Norma Levitt‚̈⑰‚ª’ñ‘i‚µ‚½“ñ‚‚ÌÙ”»A•s“–‚ÈŽ€‚ð’fŒ¾‚·‚éÙ”»‚ÆAŽ€‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ð‰B‚·‚±‚Æ‚ðŽŽ‚Ý‚Ä‚¢‚éˆÄŒ‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAŒˆ‹cˆÄ‚ªŠ®¬‚µ‚½B
A suit filed June 25 by Wilkinson's law firm, against his former clients, is
unresolved.
Wikinson–@—¥Ž––±Š‚ª6ŒŽ25“ú‚É’ñ‘i‚µ‚½Ù”»A‚©‚‚Ă̌ڋq‚ð‘ŠŽè‚É‚µ‚½Ù”»‚Í–¢‰ðŒˆ‚Å‚ ‚éB
–Apr 13, 1994
Lawyer hit With Sanctions Over Heated-Blood Suit
1994”N8ŒŽ13“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u•ÙŒìŽm‚͉·”MŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚ŧًà‚É‚Ô‚¿“–‚½‚év
In the largest sanction of its kind in memory, a judge ordered Tulsa attorney
Bill V. Wilkinson to pay $200,000 in legal fees and costs to 16 defendants
cleared in a lawsuit over microwaved blood.
‹L‰¯‚Ì’†‚Å‚ÍÅ‚Šz‚ً̧à‚Æ‚µ‚ÄATulsa‚ÌÙ”»Š¯‚ÍWilkinson•ÙŒìŽmi’FŒ´‚Ìʼn‚Ì•ÙŒìŽmj‚É“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚ÅŒ‰”’‚É‚È‚Á‚½16‚Ì”í‚ɑ΂µ‚ÄA–@’è”ï—p‚ÆŒo”ï‚Æ‚µ‚ÄB20–œƒhƒ‹‚ÌŽx•¥‚¢‚𖽂¶‚½B
The defendants had requested sanctions totaling more than $710,000.
”í‚ç‚͇Œv71–œƒhƒ‹‚ð‚±‚¦‚é§Ù‹à‚ð—v‹‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
BEMSJ’FƒIƒNƒ‰ƒzƒ}B–@‚Å‚ÍA•s“KØ‚ÉA˜_‹’‚ª–¾Šm‚Å‚È‚¢‚É‚àŠÖ‚í‚炸A”í‚ðÙ”»‚Ɉø‚Á’£‚èo‚µ‚½‚Æ”F’肳‚ê‚é‚ÆA•ÙŒìŽm‚ɧًà‚ð‰Û‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
–Jul 25, 1995
Lawyer, Ex-Clients Reach Settlement
1995”N6ŒŽ25“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–u•ÙŒìŽm‚Í‚©‚‚Ă̌ڋq‚Ƙa‰ð‚É’B‚µ‚½v
A confidential settlement has resolved a lawsuit between a Tulsa law firm and
former clients involved in a microwaved blood case.
”ñŒöŠJ‚̘a‰ð‚ªA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒWŒŒ‰tÙ”»‚É‚¨‚¯‚éTulsa‚Ì–@—¥Ž––±Š‚Æ‚©‚‚Ă̌ڋq‚ÌŠÔ‚ÅA¬—§‚µ‚½B
–Sep 9, 1995
Court Cuts in Half Attorney's Sanctions
1995”N9ŒŽ9“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uÙ”»Š‚Í•ÙŒìŽm‚ւً̧à‚𔼌¸v
An appeals court has cut in half the $200,000 in sanctions a judge ordered
Tulsa attorney Bill V. Wilkinson to pay to 16 defendants cleared in a suit
involving the death of a patient who received microwaved blood.
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http://wyomcases.courts.state.wy.us/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?citeID=4387@‚ðŽQÆ
–Apr 3, 1996
Court Won't Review Ruling Against Lawyer
1996”N4ŒŽ3“ú‚Ì‹LŽ–uÙ”»Š‚Í•ÙŒìŽm‚ɑ΂·‚éŽwŽ¦‚ÌŒ©’¼‚µ‚ð‚µ‚È‚¢v
The state Supreme Court on Monday, in a 5 to 4 decision, voted not to review a
September ruling by the Court of Appeals.
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http://www.life.osaka-cu.ac.jp/g_school/doctorate/doc05_04.html@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e‚̈ꕔ”²ˆ
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ŒfÚŽF‰ÆŠwŽGŽ 18(3), 131-135, 1967 The Japan Society of Home Economics
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Thermal Destruction of Thiamine by Electronic Range
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ŒfÚŽF“ú–{‰ÆŠw‰ïŽ 39(10), 1051-1057, 1988 The Japan Society of Home Economics
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Changes in vitamin C content of potatoes during storage, cutting and cooking.
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Increase in antioxidant activity on burdock by kitchen microwave heating
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ŒfÚŽFJ Am Diet Assoc. 1985 Aug; 85(8):922-6.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEffects of microwave cooking/reheating on
nutrients and food systems: a review of recent studies.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHoffman CJ, Zabik ME.
Abstract
Microwave-oven technology has been improved by the use of low power.
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With the utilization of low-power techniques, studies showed equal or better
retention of nutrients for microwave, as compared with conventional, reheated
foods for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folacin, and ascorbic acid.
’á“d—Í‚Ì—˜—p‚É”º‚Á‚ÄAŒ¤‹†Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAƒ`ƒAƒ~ƒ“iƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B1jAƒŠƒ{ƒtƒ‰ƒrƒ“i¬’·‘£i—v‘fjAƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B6A—tŽ_AƒAƒXƒRƒsƒ“Ž_iƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“Cj‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚ł̉Á”M‚É‚æ‚é‰h—{‘f‚ÌŽc—¯‚ÍA’Êí‚Ì•û–@‚ÅĉÁ”M‚³‚ꂽHÞ‚É”ä‚ׂÄA“™‰¿‚©‚æ‚è‚·‚®‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Beef roasts microwaved at "simmer" were comparable with
conventionally cooked roasts in sensory quality, while vegetables cooked by an
institutional (1,150 w) microwave oven were superior to those cooked in a
domestic (550 w) microwave oven.
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Microwave-cooked bacon had lower levels of nitrosamines than conventionally
cooked bacon; however, the use of a new alpha-tocopherol coating system has
been found to be a safe N-nitrosamine inhibitor regardless of cooking method
used.
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’Fƒjƒgƒƒ\ƒAƒ~ƒ“ (nitrosoamineAnitrosamine) ‚Ƃ̓Aƒ~ƒ“‚Ì—U“±‘Ì‚Ì‚¤‚¿AƒAƒ~ƒ“’‚‘fã‚Ì…‘f‚ªƒjƒgƒƒ\Šî‚É’u‚«Š·‚í‚Á‚½\‘¢‚ð‚à‚‰»‡•¨ŒQ‚Ì‚±‚ÆB’†‚É‚Í”‚ª‚ñ«‚Ȃǂ̶—Šˆ«‚ª’m‚ç‚ê‚镨Ž¿‚ª‚ ‚éB
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’Fƒ`ƒAƒ~ƒ“Fƒ`ƒAƒ~ƒ“ (thiamin, thiamine) ‚̓rƒ^ƒ~ƒ“B1 (vitamin B1) ‚Æ‚àŒÄ‚΂êAƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚Ì’†‚Å…—n«ƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚É•ª—Þ‚³‚ê‚鶗Šˆ«•¨Ž¿‚Å‚ ‚éB
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ŒfÚŽF Rev Food Sci Nutr 1982
;16(4):355-81
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FEfect of microwaves on nutrient value of foods.
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFG A Cross, D Y Fung
Microwave cooking has gained considerable importance as an energy-saving,
convenient, and time-saving cooking method.
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This article reviews the state of the art of microwave cooking and the existing
publishing data on the effects of microwave cooking on nutritive values of
moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, minerals, and vitamins.
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Most reports indicated that microwave cooking resulted in higher moisture
losses compared with conventional methods.
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Overall, the nutritional effects of microwaves on protein, lipid, and minerals
appear minimal.
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There is no report on the effects of microwaves on carbohydrate fraction in
foods.
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A large amount of data is available on the effects of microwaves on vitamins.
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It is concluded that there are only slight differences between microwave and
conventional cooking on vitamin retention in foods.
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In conclusion, no significant nutritional differences exist between foods
prepared by conventional and microwave methods.
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Any differences reported in the literature are minimal
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–‚»‚Ì‚R@–쓇‚çƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ƃ‰ƒWƒJƒ‹2005”NURSI‚ł̘_•¶‚©‚ç
‹LF2016-4-25
ŒfÚŽFXXVIIIth URSI General Assembly at New Delhi, India on October 23-29, 2005
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExperimental investigations on the Biological Free
Radical Production -2.45GHz & 900 MHz exposure systems design and
estimation with ESR -
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFTakeaki Manabe, Takashi Hikage
and Toshio Nojima
In this case, we performed three ways of irradiation to the cultured cells.
–{Œ¤‹†‚Å‚ÍA”|—{‚µ‚½×–E‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä3Ží‚Ì•û–@‚Å”˜˜IŽÀŒ±‚ðs‚Á‚½B
The first one was irradiation with UV rays (UVA).
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The second one was the irradiation with 2.45 GHz continuous wave by using the
developed exposure system (the output power: 50 W, keeping the temperature of
tissues under 40 degrees Celsius).
2”Ô–Ú‚Ì”˜˜I‚ÍAŠJ”‚µ‚½”˜˜I‘•’uio—Í‚T‚OWA‰·“x‚Í40ŽˆÈ‰º‚Ɉێj‚É‚æ‚é2.45GHz˜A‘±”g‚Ì”˜˜I‚Å‚ ‚éB
And the last one was the case of irradiation with high power pulse wave (peak
power: 1 kW, pulse width: 1 msec, the duty ratio: 10 %).
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In the case of irradiated with UV, the radical productions in the cells are
clearly observed.
However, no radical excitation was observed in the cells irradiated by
microwave both in the case of CW and pulse, provided that the temperatures of
fibroblast cells did not exceed 42 degrees Celsius.
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–‚»‚Ì‚SF–쓇‚ç‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ƃ‰ƒWƒJƒ‹2005”N‚a‚d‚l‚r‘‰ï‚Å‚Ì”•\‚©‚ç
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ˆÈ‰º‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
ŒfÚŽFA joint meeting of The Bioelectromagnetics
Society (BEMS) and the European Bio Electromagnetics Association (EBEA),
P-B-161, pp.423-426, at the University College of Dublin (Ireland) on June
19-24, 2005
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExperimental study on the Biological Free Radical
Production due to microwave exposure
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFTakashi Hikage, Takeaki
Manabe, Toshio Nojima
“à—e‚Ì”²ˆ
The calculated peak SAR of muscle tissue was 1.7kW/kg when the output power of
the exposure equipment was set at 3 kW.
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As a result, free radicals were clearly produced once the microwave exposure
exceeded a certain level of absorbed microwave energy.
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Moreover, the temperatures of tissues were estimated using the infrared thermal
imaging camera. The temperature of tissues becomes high with increasing
exposure time, and in the case of temperature above 170 degree Celsius, radical
spectra were clearly seen.
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ŒfÚŽFMŠw‹Z•ñ, Vol. 106, no. 224, EMCJ2006-49, pp. 29-34,
2006”N9ŒŽ
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ŒfÚŽFFood Chem Toxicol. 1995
Apr;33(4):245-56.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FHuman diets cooked by microwave or conventionally:
comparative sub-chronic (13-wk) toxicity study in rats.
’Êí‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µ‚½l‚ÌH‰aFƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ðŽg‚Á‚½€–«“I‚È”äŠrŽŽŒ±
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFJonker DF1, Til HP
1FTNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The
Netherlands
Abstract
ŠT—v
To compare the possible effects of microwave and conventional cooking on a
range of common dietary components, mixed human diets containing beef, potatoes
and vegetables were fed to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats for 13
wk.
’Êí‚ÌH•¨‚Ì”Íáe‚Å’Êí‚Ì’²—‚Æ“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å‚Ì’²—‚É‚æ‚é‰e‹¿‚ð”äŠr‚·‚éˆ×‚ÉA‹“÷Eƒ|ƒeƒgE–ì؂𬂺‚½ƒqƒg‚ÌH‰a‚ðA13TŠÔ‚ɂ킽‚Á‚ăEƒBƒXƒ^[ƒ‰ƒbƒgi10•C‚Ì—Y‚Æ10•C‚ÌŽ“j‚É—^‚¦‚½B
The diet ingredients were cooked by either of the methods in a normal and an
abused manner, the latter consisting of the normal treatment followed by two
cycles of reheating to approximately 85 degrees C and cooling.
H‰a‚ÌŒ´—¿‚͈ê”Ê“I‚È•û–@‚ÆAˆ«—p“I‚È•û–@‚Å’²—‚µ‚½Bˆ«—p“I‚È’²—‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Í–ñ85Ž‚ɉÁ”M‚µ‚Ä‚©‚ç—â‹p‚µAÄ“x‰Á”M‚µ‚Ä—â‹p‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤•û–@‚ð‚Æ‚Á‚½B
The cooked ingredients were freeze-dried, ground and mixed with supplements of vitamins
and minerals to meet the rat requirements.
H‰a‚ÌŒ´—¿‚Í—â“€Š£‘‡‚³‚¹‚½Aƒ‰ƒbƒg‚ª•K—v‚Æ‚·‚é—vŒ‚ð–ž‚½‚·‚½‚߂Ƀ~ƒlƒ‰ƒ‹‚âƒrƒ^ƒ~ƒ“‚ð•â‹‹‚µ‚½¬‡H•¨‚Å‚ ‚éB
An additional control group was fed a cereal-based rodent diet.
’ljÁ‚Ì‘ÎÆŒQ‚É‚Í’•¨‚ðƒx[ƒX‚É‚µ‚½ƒlƒYƒ~—p‚ÌH‰a‚ð—^‚¦‚½B
Criteria to assess toxicity included clinical observations, ophthalmoscopy,
growth, food and water intake, haematology, clinical
chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, micronucleated
erythrocytes in bone marrow, gross examination at autopsy and microscopic
examination of a wide range of organs.
—Õ°“I‚ÈŠÏŽ@EŒŸŠá–@E¬’·EH•¨‚Æ…‚ÌÛŽæ—ÊEŒŒ‰tŠwE‰»Šw“I‚È—Õ°ŠŒ©EŒŸ”AE‘ŸŠí‚Ìd‚³Eœ‘‚Ì”÷¬Šj‰»ÔŒŒ‹…E‰ð–U‚É‚¨‚¯‚é‘S”Ê“I‚ÈŒŸ¸E‘ŸŠí‚Ì—lX‚ÈŒ°”÷‹¾‚É‚æ‚錟¸‚ðŠÜ‚Þ“Å«•]‰¿–@‚Å”»’肵‚½B
The results indicate no adverse effects of the diets cooked
by microwave compared with those cooked conventionally.
Œ‹‰Ê‚ÍAˆê”Ê“I‚È•û–@‚Å’²—‚µ‚½H‰a‚É”ä‚ׂÄA“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚Å’²—‚µ‚½H‰a‚ł͈Ùí‚ÈŒø‰Ê‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ê‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
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http://microcook.exblog.jp/20509930/@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
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ŒfÚŽFJ Agric Food Chem. 2014 Mar 26. [Epub ahead of print]
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FMicrowave Heating Inactivates Shiga Toxin (Stx2) in
Reconstituted Fat-Free Milk and Adversely Affects the Nutritional Value of Cell
Culture Medium.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‰Á”M‚ÍŠÒŒ³–³Ž‰–b“û‚ÌŽu‰ê“Å‘f(Stx2)‚ð•sŠˆ‰»‚µA×–E”|—{”}‘̂̉h—{‰¿‚Ɉ«‰e‹¿‚ð‚à‚½‚ç‚·B
Œ¤‹†ŽÒGRasooly R, Hernlem B, He X, Friedman M.
Abstract
Microwave exposure is a convenient and widely used method for defrosting,
heating, and cooking numerous foods. Microwave cooking is also reported to kill
pathogenic microorganisms that often contaminate food.
ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜Ii“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW’²—j‚ÍA‰ð“€‚Ì‚½‚ßA—lX‚ÈH•i‚̉Á”M‚â’²—‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉA•Ö—˜‚È•û–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄL‚Žg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW‚É‚æ‚é’²—‚Í‚Ü‚½AH•i‚ð‰˜õ‚·‚é•aŒ´«”÷¶•¨‚ðŽE‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª•ñ‚¶‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
In this study, we tested whether microwaves would inactivate the toxicity of
Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) added to 5% reconstituted fat-free milk administered to
monkey kidney Vero cells.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÅŽ„‚½‚¿‚ÍAƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gi“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW’²—j‚ªAƒTƒ‹t‘Ÿ—R—ˆVero×–E‚ª“Š—^‚³‚ꂽ‚T“–³Ž‰–b“û‚ɉÁ‚¦‚ç‚ꂽŽu‰ê“Å‘f2(Stx2)‚Ì“Å«‚ð•sŠˆ‰»‚·‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©‚ðŽÀŒ±‚µ‚½B
Heating of milk spiked with Stx2 in a microwave oven using a 10% duty cycle
(cycle period of 30 s) for a total of 165 kJ energy or thermal heating
(pasteurization), widely used to kill pathogenic bacteria, did not destroy the
biological effect of the toxin in the Vero cells.
Stx2‚ª“Š—^‚³‚ꂽƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚̉Á”MA•aŒ´‹Û‚ðŽE‚·‚½‚ß‚ÉL‚‚ÍŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é•û–@‚Å‚ ‚里v165kJƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[‚Å10%ƒfƒ…[ƒeƒBƒTƒCƒNƒ‹(30s‚ÌŒJ‚è•Ô‚µŽüŠú)‚̃}ƒCƒNƒ”g”˜˜Ii“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW’²—j‹y‚Ñ’Êí‚Ì”M“I‰Á”M(’ቷŽE‹Û)‚ÍAVero×–E‚Ì“Å‘f‚̶‘ÌŒø‰Ê‚ð”j‰ó‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½B
However, conventional heating of milk to 95Ž for 5 min
or at increased microwave energy of 198 kJ reduced the Stx2 activity.
‚µ‚©‚µAƒ~ƒ‹ƒN‚Ì5•ªŠÔ95Ž‚Ì]—ˆ‚̉Á”M–@A‚Ü‚½‚Í198kJ‚É‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚½ƒ}ƒCƒNƒ”gƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[i“dŽqƒŒƒ“ƒW’²—j‚ÍAStx2‚ÌŠˆ«‚ð’ቺ‚³‚¹‚½B
Gel electrophoresis showed that exposure of the protein toxin to high-energy
microwaves resulted in the degradation of its original structure.
‹—͂ȃ}ƒCƒNƒ”g‚ւ̃^ƒ“ƒpƒNŽ¿“Å‘f‚Ì”˜˜I‚ªAŠî‚Ì\‘¢‚Ì•ª‰ð‚ð‚à‚½‚炵‚½‚±‚Æ‚ðAƒQƒ‹“d‹C‰j“®‚É‚æ‚éƒeƒXƒg‚Å”»–¾‚µ‚½B
In addition, two independent assays showed that exposure of the cell culture
medium to microwave energy of 198 kJ completely destroyed the nutritional value
of the culture medium used to grow the Vero cells, possibly by damaging
susceptible essential nutrients present in the medium.
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ΫԏFCooking Products Radiation AdvisoryFInduction Range and up to 3 times more than 10 products
Enter: 2009-07-07 21:01
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https://www.mk.co.kr/jp/society/11079148‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
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2024-07-29 06:03:13
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–––––––––––––––––––
‹LF‚Q‚O‚O‚X|‚V|‚P‚V
http://next-up.org/Newsoftheworld/CompactFluorLamp.php ‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e@
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Low-energy bulbs: a not-so-bright idea
1st Record : radiation level 192,3 V/m:
"Great"!!
–––––––––––––––@@@–––––––
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ì¬F2003-6-13 WEB‚ÉŒöŠJ@2015-1-31
1000ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚Å‚à”ƒKƒ“@‚Æ‚¢‚¤•ñ‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚µ‚½B
ŒfÚŽFCANCER@RESEARCH@54
P5081-5085 1994
˜_•¶–¼FPotent
Carcinogenicity of Uncovered Ha1ogen Lamps in Hair1ess Mice
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFF.
D'Agostini and S. DeF1ora
ABSTRACT ŠT—v
Uncovered halogen quartz lamps, which are potently genotoxic both in
prokaryoticiˆÓ–¡Hjand human cells due to the emission of
far-UV radiation (UVB and UVC), were assayed for carcinogenicity in three
strains of hairless mice (SKH-1, MF-1, and C3H) of both sexes.
ƒJƒo[‚Ì‚È‚¢ƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ÍA‚t‚u‚a‚Æ‚t‚u‚b‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚ð•úŽË‚µAƒqƒg‚Ì×–E‚ɕψٌ´«‚ð—^‚¦‚é‹°‚ꂪ‚ ‚é‚Ì‚ÅA–³–Ñ‚Ë‚¸‚Ýi3Ží—Þ‚ÌŽíA—Y‚ÆŽ“j‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä”‚ª‚ñ«‚ÌŽŽŒ±‚ð‚µ‚½B
As assessed in 5 independent experiments, no spontaneous skin tumor was
observed, even after more than 2 years, in 49 animals used as unexposed
controls or in 29 animals exposed to halogen lamps equipped with a common glass
cover.
5‰ñ‚Ì“Æ—§‚µ‚½ŽŽŒ±‚ÌŒ‹‰ÊAƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ðÆŽË‚µ‚È‚©‚Á‚½ŒQ‚¨‚æ‚уnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚Ɉê”Ê“IƒiƒKƒ‰ƒX»ƒJƒo[‚ð‚©‚¯‚½ê‡‚ÍA49•C‚Ì‚Ë‚¸‚Ý‚ÍA“ñ”NˆÈã‚ÌŽÀŒ±ŠúŠÔ‚ð’Ê‚µ‚ÄAˆÙí‚Ȕ畆‚ª‚ñ‚Ì”¶‚Í–³‚©‚Á‚½B
In contrast, almost all of the 185 mice exposed to the light emitted by
low-voltage (12 V) and low-power (50 W) tungsten bulbs, equipped with dichroic@Diffusers@(‚ǂ̂悤‚ÈŠgŽU”ÂH),
contracted multiple skin tumors of various histological type, both benign and
malignant.
ˆê•ûA‚P‚Q‚u‚T‚O‚v‚̃nƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ÉÆŽË‚³‚ꂽ185•C‚Ì‚Ë‚¸‚Ý‚Ì‘‚Ä‚ÉA—Ç«Eˆ««‚̔畆‚ª‚ñ‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB
Tumors were induced over a range of illuminance levels (1,000, 3,333, 5,000,
and 10,000 Iux) and daily exposure times (1.5, 3, 6,
and 12 h).
ŽîᇂÍ1000ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚©‚ç10000ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚ɂ킽‚é‘‚Ä‚ÌÆ“x‚ÅA“úX‚ÌÆŽËŽžŠÔ‚ª1.5ŽžŠÔ‚©‚ç12ŽžŠÔ‚Å‚à—U”‚³‚ꂽB
The tumor latency times were quite short and significantly correlated with the
daily exposure times, as well as with the square of the distance (46-194 cm)
from the illumination source.
ŽîᇂÌö•šŠú‚Í’Z‚A“úX‚ÌÆŽËŽžŠÔ‚Æ‘ŠŠÖ‚µAŒõŒ¹‚Æ‚Ì‹——£‚Ì“ñæ‚É”ä—Ⴕ‚Ä‚¢‚½B
A carcinogenic effect was even observed when exposure was discontinued well
before the appearance of skin lesions.
”畆‚ÉáŠQ‚ªŒ»‚ê‚é‘O‚ÉŒõ‚ÌÆŽË‚ð‚â‚ß‚Ä‚àA‚±‚Ì”ƒKƒ“Œø‰Ê‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ꂽB
Both in vitro genotoxicity data and animal carcinogenicity data support the
view that the light emitted by uncovered halogen lamps, to which an enormous
number of individuals are exposed, may pose carcinogenic risks to humans.
ƒCƒ“ƒrƒgƒ‚̕ψٌ´«ƒf[ƒ^‚Æ“®•¨ŽÀŒ±‚Å‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«ƒf[ƒ^‚ÍAƒJƒo[‚Ì‚È‚¢ƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚©‚ç‚ÌŒõ•úŽË‚Íl‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«ƒŠƒXƒN‚̉”\«‚ðŽxŽ‚·‚éB
Without renouncing the benefits of this modern illumination system, UV-blocking
devices should be compulsory.
Œ»‘ã‚ÌŒõŒ¹ƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚Ì—Ç‚³‚ð•úŠü‚µ‚È‚¢‚ÅAŽ‡ŠOü–hŒì‚Í•K{‚Å‚ ‚éB
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍAŒ´’˜‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ì¬F2003-6-13 WEB‚ÉŒöŠJ@2015-1-31
ŒfÚŽGMutation
Research 441 (1999)p21-27
˜_•¶–¼FGenotoxic
effects in bacteria of the 1ight emitted byha1ogen tungsten 1amps having
treated quartz bu1bs
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFAnna
Camoirano,Si1vio DeF1ora et al;
Abstract
Traditional halogen tungsten lamps, which are extensively used worldwide for
the illumination of indoor environments, have a quartz bulb which transmits not
only visible light but also ultraviolet (UV) light.
Žº“àÆ–¾‚É¢ŠE’†‚ÅŽg—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ÍAΉpƒKƒ‰ƒX‚ðŽg—p‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚߂ɉŽ‹Œõü‚¾‚¯‚Å‚Í‚È‚Ž‡ŠOü‚à•úo‚·‚éB
Due to the output of far-UV wavelengths, halogen lamps were found in previous
studies to be potently genotoxic in bacteria, clastogenic iˆÓ–¡‚ÍHjin
cultured human cells, and carcinogenic in hairless mice.
ƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚ÍAƒoƒNƒeƒŠƒA‚ɑ΂µ‚ĕψٌ´«‚̉”\«‚ðŽ¦‚µA”|—{‚µ‚½ƒqƒg‚Ì×–E‚ɑ΂µ‚ĕψٌ´«‚ðŽ¦‚µA–³–у}ƒEƒX‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä”ƒKƒ“«‚ðŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
This discovery prompted the launching of new halogen lamps, known as UV-Stop,
UV-Block, or similar trade names, which have the quartz glass treated in such a
way to reduce its permeability to UV radiation.
‚±‚¤‚µ‚½Œ¤‹†‚ÍAΉpƒKƒ‰ƒX‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü“§‰ß—¦‚ðŒ¸‚ç‚·‚±‚Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄA‚t‚u|‚r‚s‚n‚o‚Ȃǂ̤•i‚Æ‚µ‚Ä”„‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚̉ü—Ç‚ÉŒ‹‚т‚¢‚½B
Surprisingly, these lamps are advertised for attenuating discoloration of
UV-sensitive materials, such as fabrics, paintings, works of art and furniture,
whereas protection of the human skin from potential carcinogenic risks is
overlooked.
‚µ‚©‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü–hŒìƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ÍAŽ‡ŠOü‚ÉŽã‚¢‘@ˆÛA“h—¿AHŒ|HêA‰Æ‹ï‚È‚Ç‚Ì•ÏF‚ð–h‚®‚½‚ß‚Æ‚µ‚ÄLé“`‚ªs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èAƒqƒg‚Ì”‚ª‚ñ«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŒ©‰ß‚²‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚éB
We tested forty-seven 12 V-powered lamps with treated quartz bulb, which were
made available by five producers as blind-coded samples.
5ŽÐ‚©‚çw“ü‚ª‰Â”\‚È‚P‚Q‚u—pƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv47Ží—Þ‚ðAƒuƒ‰ƒ“ƒh–¼‚È‚Ç‚ðƒuƒ‰ƒCƒ“ƒh‚Å“üŽè‚µ‚½B
After exposure to either 1000 lx for 30 min or 2500 lx for 60 min, the 50 W
lamps from two producers were borderline mutagenici–óŒê‚ÍHˆâ“`Žq•Ï«H)
in strains TA100 and TAI04 of S. typhimuriulniˆÓ–¡‚ÍHj,
and induced an evident and dose-related DNA damage in the E. coli strain CM871
(uvrA- recA- lexA-), as compared to its isogenici–óŒê‚ÍHj,
DNA repair-proficient counterpart WP2.
1000ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚ÌÆ“x‚Å30•ªA2500ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚ÌÆ“x‚Å60•ªÆŽË‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«A“ñŽÐ‚Ì»•i‚Å‚ÍA‘å’°‹Û‚ɑ΂·‚éˆâ“`Žq•Ï«‚ÉŠÖ‚µ‚ÄAƒ{[ƒ_[ƒ‰ƒCƒ“ã‚É‚ ‚Á‚½BiÚׂ̖ó‚ÍHj
The 50 W lamps supplied by the other three producers also induced a significant
genotoxic damage, but only after exposure for 60 min at illuminance levels of
2500 lx or higher.
‘¼‚Ì3ŽÐ‚̃nƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚Å‚à•ÏˆÙŒ´«‚ÍŒ©‚ç‚ꂽ‚ªA‚»‚ê‚ç‚Í2500ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚©‚»‚êˆÈã‚ÌÆ“x‚Å60•ª‚ÌÆŽË‚µ‚½ê‡‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
In calibration experiments, one of these three lamp brands was found to induce
in 60 min a genotoxic damage which was equivalent to the one induced in just
55s by a traditional halogen lamp.
”äŠr‚µ‚Ä‚Ý‚é‚ÆA3ŽÐ‚̃‰ƒ“ƒv‚Ì1‚‚Í60•ª‚ÌƎ˂ŕψٌ´«‚ªŒ»‚ê‚邪A‚±‚ê‚Í]—ˆ‚̃nƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚ð55•bŠÔÆŽË‚µ‚½Žž‚̕ψٌ´«”Œ»‚Æ“¯‚¶’ö“x‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
Therefore, the new types of lamps with treated quartz bulbs provide an
appreciable step forward in the safety of halogen lamps, but some output of
genotoxic UV radiations does still occur.
‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÌVƒnƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚Í‚æ‚èˆÀ‘S‚È•ûŒü‚ɉü—Ç‚³‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¦‚邪A‚µ‚©‚µA‚Ü‚¾Ž‡ŠOü˜R‰k‚É‚æ‚é•ÏˆÙŒ´«”Œ»‚ÍŽc‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Moreover, the lamps manufactured by different producers are not equally
effective to this respect.
ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv»‘¢‰ïŽÐ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚ÍA‚±‚¤‚µ‚½ˆÀ‘S‚È•ûŒü‚ւ̉ü—Ç‚ÍŒø‰Ê‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚Í‚¢‚¦‚È‚¢B
By comparison, the simple application of a glass cover to a traditional halogen
lamp completely prevented genotoxic effects, even after 60 min of exposure at
an illuminance of 10,000 Ix.
”äŠr‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉA]—ˆ‚̃nƒƒQƒ“ƒ‰ƒ“ƒv‚Å‚àŠÈ’P‚ȃKƒ‰ƒX‚̃Jƒo[‚ð‚©‚¯‚邾‚¯‚ÅA•ÏˆÙŒ´«‚Ì”Œ»‚ð–hŽ~‚Å‚«‚éi10000ƒ‹ƒbƒNƒX‚Ì–¾‚邳‚Å60•ª‚ÌÆŽËŽŽŒ±Œ‹‰ÊjB
Suitable regulations are urgently needed for controlling the biological safety
or artificial illumination systems.
¶‘̂ւ̉e‹¿–hŽ~‚âlHÆ–¾ƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚Ì‚½‚ß‚ÉA\•ª‚È–@‹K§‚ª•K—v‚Å‚ ‚éB
‹»–¡‚Ì‚ ‚é•û‚ÍŒ´’˜‚ð“üŽè‚µ‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢B
ˆÈ‰º‚Ì•ñ‚ª‚ ‚éB
––––––––––––––––––
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FExecutive Summary:@Report
on Health Canada Survey@of@Ultraviolet
Radiation@and@Electric and
Magnetic Fields@From@Compact
Fluorescent Lamps
”sŒ³FEnvironmental and Radiation Health Sciences@Directorate@Health Canada
”s”NFDecember 21, 2009
ŠT—v‚ÌŠT—v
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–Œ¤‹†‚P
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHartman. Z, et alF
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹GMutagenicity of coolwhite
fluorescent light for Salmonella.
ŒfÚŽFMutat. Res. Vol. 280 No.1 P25-38 1991
‰Æ’ë—p‚ÌŒuŒõ“”‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚Í‘å’°‹Û‚Å’²‚ׂ½Œ‹‰Ê‚Å‚ÍA@•ÏˆÙŒ´«‚ðŽ‚‚±‚Æ‚ª”»‚Á‚½B
•ÏˆÙŒ´«iˆâ“`Žq‚ɉe‹¿‚·‚éA]‚Á‚Ä”ƒKƒ“«‚ÉŠÖ˜Aj‚ª‰Æ’ë—p‚ÌŒuŒõ“”‚Å‚à‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤˜_•¶‚Å‚·B@
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’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠE‚ª–â‘è‚ÆŽw“E‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚͉̂uŠw’²¸‚¾‚¯‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚Ä‚à‚æ‚¢—l‚Å‚·B
‰Æ’ë—pŒuŒõ“”‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚ª•ÏˆÙŒ´«‚ðŽ‚‚Ƃ¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ÍA’áŽü”gŽ¥ŠEˆÈã‚ÉTd‚ÉŒŸ“¢‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B
Œ¤‹†2F
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFP. E. Hartman et al:
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FBreakthough of Ultraviolet light from various brands of Fluorescent Lamps:
Lethal effects on DNA.
ŒfÚŽFEnvironmental and Moleculay
Mutagenesis 27:306-313 1996
Žs”Ì‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚P‚T‚vŒuŒõ‘Ì‚©‚ç‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü‚͑ۊ𖞑«‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邪AŽE‹Ûì—p‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ꂽ‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚©‚çAˆê‘w‚ÌŽ‡ŠOü•úŽË’ጸ‚ª–]‚Ü‚ê‚éB
‚P‚O‚ƒ‚‚Ì‹——£‚Å‘ª’肵‚Ä‚t‚u‚b‚̓uƒ‰ƒ“ƒh‚É‚æ‚邪A‚OD‚S|‚PD‚TƒÊ‚v/‚ƒ‚‚Q•úŽË‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB@
‚±‚Ì‚t‚u‚b‚Ì’l‚Í‚`‚b‚f‚h‚g‚Ì‹K’è‚È‚Ç‚Æ”ä‚ׂé•K—v‚ª‚ ‚éB@
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ŒfÚŽFPathophysiology@Volume 17,
Issue 3, June 2010, Pages 157-160
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFHallberg O, Johansson O.
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FSleep on the right side-Get cancer on the left?@‰E‘¤‚ÉQ‚é‚ƶ‚ɃKƒ“‚ª‚Å‚«‚éH
AbstractFŠT—v
Breast cancer frequently occurs in the left breast among both women and men [R.
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Hsieh, J. Pontén, Epidemiologic correlates of breast
cancer laterality (Sweden), Cancer Causes Control 5 (1994) 510-516].
“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÍA—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚ê‚Îiˆø—p•¶Œ£‚Ì–|–ó‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤j’j—‚Æ‚à‚ÉA¶‘¤‚Ì‹¹‚ɔǂ·‚é•p“x‚ª‚‚¢B
Moreover, recent results showed that the left side of the body is more proneŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚é to melanoma than the right side [D.H. Brewster, M.J. Horner, S.
Rowan, P. Jelfs, E. de Vries, E. Pukkala, Left-sided
excess of invasive cutaneous melanoma in six countries, Eur. J. Cancer 43
(2007) 2634-2637].
‚³‚ç‚ÉAÅ‹ß‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚ê‚Îiˆø—p•¶Œ£‚Ì–|–ó‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤jA‘̂̉E‘¤‚æ‚趑¤‚ªˆ««•“÷Žî‚ɜ늳‚·‚éŒXŒü‚É‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ª’m‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
EMSJ’F
ˆ««•FŽî(malignant melanomaj‚Æ‚ÍA”畆AŠáâ|“à‘gDAŒûo”S–Œã”ç‚È‚Ç‚É”¶‚·‚郃‰ƒmƒTƒCƒg—R—ˆ‚̈««Žîᇂł ‚éB³Šm‚È”¶Œ´ˆö‚Í•s–¾‚Å‚ ‚邪A•\”çŠî’ê‘w•”‚É‘¶Ý‚·‚郃‰ƒmƒTƒCƒg‚̈««‰»‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ķ‚¶‚éB‚Ü‚½A”畆‚É”¶‚·‚鈫«•FŽî‚ÍŽ‡ŠOü”˜˜I‚ÆA‘«’ê‚É”¶‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚Í‹@ŠB“IŽhŒƒ‚ÆŠÖ˜A«‚ª[‚¢‚Æl‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Current explanations for left-sided breast cancer include handedness [L. Titus-Ernstoff, P.A. Newcomb, K.M. Egan, et al., Left-handedness
in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, Epidemiology 11
(2000) 181-184; M.A. Kramer, S. Albrecht, R.A. Miller, Handedness and the
laterality of breast cancer in women, Nurs. Res. 34
(1985) 333-337; M.K. Ramadhani, S.G. Elias, P.A. van Noord, D.E. Grobbee, P.H. Peeters, C.S. Uiterwaal,
Innate left handedness and risk of breast cancer: case-cohort study, BMJ 331
(2005) 882-883], size difference, nursing preference, and brain structure.
¶‘¤‚Ì“û‚ª‚ñ‚ÌŒ»Ý‚Ìà–¾‚É‚ÍA—˜‚«ŽèAƒTƒCƒY‚̈ႢAŠÅŒìó‹µA”]‚Ì\‘¢“™‚ª‚ ‚éB
However, men are affected even more by left laterality than women, thus many of
these explanations are unconvincing.
‚µ‚©‚µA’j«‚Í—«‚æ‚趑¤‚ª‰e‹¿‚ðŽó‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚é‚ñ‚ÅA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ìà–¾‚Í•s\•ª‚Å‚ ‚éB
Increasing rates of skin melanoma have been associated with immune- disruptive
radiation from FM/TV transmitters [O. Hallberg, A theory and model to explain
the skin melanoma epidemic, Melanoma Res. 16 (2006) 115-118; O. Hallberg, A
reduced repair efficiency can explain increasing melanoma rates, Eur. J. Cancer
Prev. 17 (2008) 147-152; O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, Melanoma incidence and
frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting, Arch. Environ. Health 57 (2002) 32-40;
O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, FM broadcasting exposure time and malignant melanoma
incidence, Electromagn. Biol. Med. 24 (2005) 1-8; O.
Hallberg, Radio TV towers linked to increased risk of melanoma, Report,
available at:
http://foodconsumer.org/7777/8888/C_ancer_31/120907442007_Exclusive_report_Radio_TV_towers_linked_to_increased_risk_of_melanoma.shtml,
2007 (accessed 2007)].
”畆‚Ì•“÷Žî‚Ì‘‰Á‚ÍA—lX‚ÈŒ¤‹†‚É‚æ‚ê‚Îiˆø—p•¶Œ£‚Ì–|–ó‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤jAFM/TV‘—M“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì”M‚³‚ê‚é–Ɖu‚ð”j‰ó‚·‚é“dŽ¥”g‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
Geographical areas covered by several transmitters show higher incidences of
melanoma than areas covered by one transmitter.
1‚©Š‚Ì‘—M“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì“d”g‚ðŽó‚¯‚é’nˆæ‚ÉZ‚Þl‚æ‚èA•¡”‚Ì‘—M“ƒ‚©‚ç‚Ì“d”g‚ðŽó‚¯‚é’nˆæ‚ÉZ‚Þl‚É‚æ‚è‚‚¢•“÷Žî‚̜늳‚ª‚ ‚éB
Here we show that a high prevalence of breast cancer and melanoma on the left
side of the body may be a logical consequence of sleeping in beds having
mattresses containing wave-reflecting metal springs.
‚±‚±‚ʼnäX‚ÍA¶‘¤‚Ì“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æ•“÷Žî‚ÌŒXŒü‚ÍA“d”g‚𔽎˂·‚é‹à‘®»ƒXƒvƒŠƒ“ƒO‚ðŠÜ‚Þƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì‚ ‚éƒxƒbƒh‚ÅQ‚邱‚Æ‚É‚æ‚é‚à‚Ì‚Æ‚¢‚¤—˜_“I‚È‹AŒ‹‚ðŽ¦‚·B
We found that people tend to sleep for longer periods on their right side,
apparently to avoid disturbance by the heartbeat.
‰äX‚ÍAS”‚Ì—‚ê‚ð–h‚®‚½‚ß‚ÉA‚æ‚è’·ŽžŠÔA‰E‘¤‚ÅQ‚郉E‘¤‚ð‰º‚É‚µ‚ÄQ‚é‚ÆŒ¾‚¤ˆÓ–¡H„‚Æ‚¢‚¤lX‚ÌŒXŒü‚ð’m‚Á‚½B
This puts the left side farther away from the field-attenuating influence of
the metal springs in the mattress; thus the left side will spend, on average,
more time exposed to stronger combined fields from incident and reflected
waves.
‚±‚ê‚ÍA¶‘¤‚ªƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚Ì‹à‘®ƒXƒvƒŠƒ“ƒO‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŒ¸Š‚³‚ꂽ“dŽ¥ŠE‚Ìê‚©‚ç‚æ‚è—£‚ꂽ‚Æ‚±‚ë‚É‚ ‚éA‚·‚È‚í‚¿A¶‘¤‚Í•½‹Ï‚µ‚ÄAŠO‚©‚ç“üŽË‚µ‚Ä‚«‚½“dŽ¥”g‚Æ”½ŽË”g‚Ì‚æ‚è‹‚¢•¡‡“dŽ¥”g‚É–\˜I‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éBƒBEMSJ’F‚·‚È‚í‚¿A‘̶̂‘¤‚ª‘½‚‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‚É–\˜I‚·‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ„
This hypothesis may also explain why body parts farthest away from the mattress
(trunk and upper arms for men; lower limbs and hips for women) have higher
melanoma rates than the sun-exposed face area.
‚±‚̉¼à‚ÍA‘¾—zŒõ‚É–\˜I‚·‚éŠç–Ê‚æ‚è‚àAƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚©‚ç‚æ‚è—£‚ꂽꊂ̕”ˆÊi’j«‚Ì‘ÌŠ²‚Æã˜rA—«‚ÌŽlŽˆ‚Ƙj‚É•“÷Žî‚ª‘½‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Ìà–¾‚É‚à‚È‚éB
The implications of this study should promote a critical consideration of
population exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially during the night.
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚̈Ӌ`‚ÍAlX‚Ì“dŽ¥”g”˜˜I‚ÌŒŸ“¢i“Á‚É–éŠÔ‚Ì”˜˜Ij‚ð„i‚·‚邱‚Æ‚É‚ ‚éB
Fig. 3FBreast
cancer incidence vs. melanoma incidence in countries that used an FM-bandwidth
of 100 MHz (squares) and in other countries that used lower frequencies
(triangles). Included are linear regression lines for both groups.
}‚RF“û‚ª‚ñ‚̜늳—¦‚Æ•“÷Žî‚̜늳‚Ì‘ŠŠÖ}A¡‚Í100MHz‚ÌFMƒoƒ“ƒh‚ª—˜—p‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒf[ƒ^A£‚Í‚æ‚è’á‚¢Žü”g”‚ð—p‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚é‘‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒf[ƒ^
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‚±‚ÌŠT—v‚ð“Ç‚ñ‚Å‚àA¡ˆê‚ÂA—‰ð‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢B
‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒ‹˜_‚ÍAˆê‚‚̉¼à‚ðì‚Á‚½A‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚¾‚¯‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
Ši•Ê‚ÉŽÀŒ±‚È‚Ç‚ðs‚Á‚Ä‚Í‚¢‚È‚¢‚悤‚Å‚ ‚éBƒxƒbƒh‚Ìã‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‹“x‚ªƒ}ƒbƒgƒXƒvƒŠƒ“ƒO‚Ì—L–³‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄAl‚ª‰¡‚É‚È‚Á‚ÄQ‚½Žž‚̶‘¤‚ƉE‘¤‚Ì•”ˆÊ‚É‘Š“–‚·‚éꊂÅA‘å‚«‚•Ï‰»‚·‚邱‚Æ‚È‚Ç‚ªŽÀØ‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚ê‚ÎA‚¤‚È‚¸‚¯‚邪EEEEEB
BRMSJ’Fã‚Ì}‚R‚Í¡‚ÉŽ¦‚·‚悤‚ɃXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ““™‚Ì‘‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚Í“û‚ª‚ñ‚Æ•“÷Žî‚̜늳—¦‚Í‘ŠŠÖ‚ª‚ ‚éB
£‚ÉŽ¦‚·ƒf[ƒ^‚Í“ú–{‚̃f[ƒ^‚ÅA“ú–{‚Í100MHz‚̃eƒŒƒr“d”g‚ðŽg‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Ì‚ÆA•z’c‚ÅQ‚é‚Ì‚ÅAƒxƒbƒh‚É‹à‘®‚â‹à‘®»‚̃XƒvƒŠƒ“ƒO‚ª‚È‚¢B
100MHz‚̃eƒŒƒr“d”g‚ÍA‚¿‚傤‚ǃxƒbƒh‚Ì’·‚³‚É“¯’²‚·‚é‚Ì‚ÅAƒxƒbƒh‚ªŽóMƒAƒ“ƒeƒi‚É‚È‚Á‚ÄA100MHz‚̃eƒŒƒrEFM•ú‘—‚ðŽóM‚·‚é‚Ì‚ÅAƒxƒbƒh‚ÉQ‚é‚Æ100MHz‚Ì“d”g‚É‚æ‚è‹‚”˜˜I‚·‚éB
‚±‚ê‚©‚çA‹à‘®ƒXƒvƒŠƒ“ƒO‚Ì“ü‚Á‚½ƒxƒbƒh‚ÉQ‚é‚ÆAŠà‚ª‘‚¦‚éEEEE‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰¼à‚ðŒ¤‹†ŽÒ‚Í—§‚Ä‚½B
‚Æ‚±‚ë‚ÅA“ú–{‚Í•z’c‚ÅQ‚邱‚Æ‚ÍŠm‚©‚Å‚ ‚邪A“ú–{‚̃AƒiƒƒOƒeƒŒƒrŽž‘ã‚̃eƒŒƒr•ú‘—‚Ì“d”g‚ÌŽü”g”‚Í1ch(90-96MHz)A2ch(92-102MHz)A3ch(102-108MHz)‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
]‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÍA“ú–{‚̃AƒiƒƒOƒeƒŒƒrŽž‘ã‚Ì•ú‘—Žü”g”‚ð’m‚炸‚ÉAŒë‚Á‚½‰¼à‚𗧂Ă½‚à‚Ì‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
‚QA)@‚Qj‚Æ“¯—l‚Ș_•¶‚ª‘‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éA‚µ‚©‚µA‚±‚̘_•¶‚ÍPubmed‚É‚Í̘^‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢B
ŒfÚŽFMedical Sciences, Vol. 2, 2014, no. 1, 1 – 15
ƒ^ƒCƒgƒ‹FCancer Incidence vs. Population Average Sleep@Duration on Spring Mattresses
Œ¤‹†ŽÒFÖrjan Hallberg , Paavo Huttunen and Olle Johansson
ŠT—v‚È‚Ç‚Ì–|–óEЉî‚ÍŠ„ˆ¤B
‚Rj2)‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ɑ΂·‚é˜_•]‚Ì—á
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https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/left-sided-cancer-blame-your-bed-and-tv/
Guest Blog@ƒQƒXƒg‚̃uƒƒO
Left-sided Cancer: Blame your bed and TV?@¶‘¤‚ÌŠàF‚ ‚È‚½‚̃xƒbƒh‚ƃeƒŒƒr‚ªŠÖ˜A‚·‚éH
By R. Douglas Fields on July 2, 2010
Researchers Örjan Hallberg of Hallberg Independent Research in Sweden and Ollie
Johansson of The Karolinska Institute in Sweden, writing in the June issue of
the journal Pathophysiology, suggest a surprising explanation that not only
points to a common cause for both cancers, it may change your sleeping habits.
Örjan HallbergiƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌHallberg Independent Researchj‚ÆOllie JohanssoniƒXƒEƒF[ƒfƒ“‚ÌThe Karolinska
Institutej‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¤‹†ŽÒ‚ÍAjournal PathophysiologyŽ‚Ì6ŒŽ†‚ÉA‚Q‚‚̊à‚Ì‹¤’Ê‚·‚錴ˆö‚ðŽw“E‚·‚邾‚¯‚Å‚Í‚È‚A‡–°‚ÌKŠµ‚Ì•ÏX‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹Á‚‚ׂ«à–¾‚ð’ñŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
i—ªj
When sleeping on the right side, the body's left side will thereby be exposed
to field strength about twice as strong as what the right side absorbs.
‰E‘¤‚ð‰º‚É‚µ‚ÄQ‚½ŽžA‘̶̂‘¤‚ÍA‘̂̉E‘¤‚Å‚Ì“dŽ¥”g‹zŽû‚æ‚è–ñ‚Q”{‹‚¢”˜˜I‚ðŽó‚¯‚éB
ƒ‚Qj‚̘_•¶‚̉¼à‚ð‚±‚±‚ł͔ے肵‚Ä‚¢‚éB„
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‚Sj‚Qj‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ð”ے肵‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚¤ˆê‚‚̃TƒCƒg
ˆÈ‰º‚Í—lX‚Èî•ñ‚ª³‚µ‚¢‚©”Û‚©‚̘_•]‚ð‰º‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒTƒCƒg
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/coil-mattresses-cause-cancer-amplifying-radio-waves/@‚É‚ ‚Á‚½“à—e
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ClaimGCoiled mattresses cause cancer by amplifying
radio waves
‰Û‘èFƒRƒCƒ‹‚Ì“ü‚Á‚½ƒ}ƒbƒgƒŒƒX‚Í–³üŽü”g””˜˜I‚ð‘‰Á‚³‚¹‚ÄAŠà‚ð‘‚â‚·‚©H
RatingFFalse
”»’èF‹U
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